Unit 4- Energy and its transformation
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The document discusses different types of energy sources and electrical power plants. It describes conventional power plants like thermal, nuclear, and hydroelectric plants. It also covers non-conventional or renewable power plants such as wind farms, solar power plants, biomass, and geothermal. The document notes that while energy supplies our needs, the processes of exploiting and generating energy can have environmental costs, like pollution, habitat changes, and nuclear waste. It suggests solutions like improving efficiency, reducing consumption, adopting sustainable habits, and increasing renewable energy use.
Unit 4- Energy and its transformation
- 2. 1 INDEX 1. – ENERGY SOURCES 1.1 – ELECTRICITY 1.2 – ACTIVITIES 2. – ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS 2.1 – CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS 3. – ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 3.1 – ENVIRONMENTAL REPERCUSSIONS 2.2 – NON-CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS 2.3 – ACTIVITIES 3.2 – ACTIVITIES
- 3. 2 1. – ENERGY SOURCES The energy we consume has many different uses: Household uses: heating systems Industrial uses: construction, agriculture, etc. 1.–ENERGYSOURCES Energy sources are natural resources from which different forms of energy are obtained
- 4. 3 1. – ENERGY SOURCES We can classify energy sources in several ways: By availability in nature: renewable or non-renewable By origin: primary or secondary By use: conventional or non-conventional By environmental impact: clean or polluting 1.–ENERGYSOURCES
- 5. 4 1. 1 – ELECTRICITY Electricity is the most widely used form of energy in industrialized societies for two reasons: Its capacity to be easily transformed into other forms of energy. The possibility of transporting it long distances at a low cost. Electrical Power Plants 1.–ENERGYSOURCES
- 6. 5 1.–ENERGYSOURCES 1. 1 – ELECTRICITY Once electricity is generated, it must be transported to towns, cities or industrial parks.
- 7. 6 INDEX 1. – ENERGY SOURCES 1.1 – ELECTRICITY 1.2 – ACTIVITIES 1.–ENERGYSOURCES
- 8. 7 INDEX 1. – ENERGY SOURCES 1.1 – ELECTRICITY 1.2 – ACTIVITIES 2. – ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS 2.1 – CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS 2.2 – NON-CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS 2.3 – ACTIVITIES 2.–ELECTRICPOWERPLANTS
- 9. 8 2. – ELECTRICAL POWER PLANTS 2.–ELECTRICPOWERPLANTS 2. 1 – CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS In thermal power plants Combined cycle power plants
- 10. 9 2.1 – CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS 2.–ELECTRICPOWERPLANTS Nuclear plants: use a nuclear fission reactor to produce heat to generate the pressurized steam needed to move the turbine rotor.
- 11. 10 2.1 – CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS 2.–ELECTRICPOWERPLANTS Nuclear plants Hydroelectric power plants: use the potential energy provided by height of the water stored in a dam, converting it into kinetic energy. This energy moves the blades of the turbine.
- 12. 12 2.2 – NON-CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS 2.–ELECTRICPOWERPLANTS The environmental problems caused by conventional power plants have led to the creation and development of non-conventional or alternative energy power plants. Wind farms: use kinetic energy of the wind to move the blades of rotor at the top of a tower; this is referred to as a wind turbine.
- 13. 13 2.2 – NON-CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS 2.–ELECTRICPOWERPLANTS The environmental problems caused by conventional power plants have led to the creation and development of non-conventional or alternative energy power plants. Wind farms Solar power plants: use the Sun’s energy • Photo-thermal power plants • Photovoltaic power plants
- 14. 14 2.2 – NON-CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS 2.–ELECTRICPOWERPLANTS The environmental problems caused by conventional power plants have led to the creation and development of non-conventional or alternative energy power plants. Wind farms Solar power plants Biomass: Consists of all organic compounds that are produced through natural processes.
- 15. 15 2.2 – NON-CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS 2.–ELECTRICPOWERPLANTS The environmental problems caused by conventional power plants have led to the creation and development of non-conventional or alternative energy power plants. Wind farms Solar power plants Biomass Geothermal power plants: use the heat found at deep layers in the Earth
- 16. 16 INDEX 1. – ENERGY SOURCES 1.1 – ELECTRICITY 1.2 – ACTIVITIES 2. – ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS 2.1 – CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS 3. – ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 3.1 – ENVIRONMENTAL REPERCUSSIONS 2.2 – NON-CONVENTIONAL POWER PLANTS 2.3 – ACTIVITIES 3.2 – ACTIVITIES
- 17. 17 3.1 – ENVAIROMENTAL REPERCUSSIONS 3.–ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT Energy consumption is preceded by a long process consisting of several stages, each of which has an environmental cost, precedes energy consumption. Exploitation: of fossil fuels and nuclear energy
- 18. 18 3.1 – ENVAIROMENTAL REPERCUSSIONS Energy consumption is preceded by a long process consisting of several stages, each of which has an environmental cost, precedes energy consumption. Exploitation Petroleum: possible accident when we transport it 3.–ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT
- 19. 19 3.1 – ENVAIROMENTAL REPERCUSSIONS Energy consumption is preceded by a long process consisting of several stages, each of which has an environmental cost, precedes energy consumption. Exploitation Petroleum Large hydroelectric power plants: change the natural cycle of rivers 3.–ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT
- 20. 20 3.1 – ENVAIROMENTAL REPERCUSSIONS Energy consumption is preceded by a long process consisting of several stages, each of which has an environmental cost, precedes energy consumption. Exploitation Petroleum Large hydroelectric power plants Conventional thermal power plants: produce air pollution, emit gasses that cause acid rain. 3.–ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT
- 21. 21 3.1 – ENVAIROMENTAL REPERCUSSIONS Energy consumption is preceded by a long process consisting of several stages, each of which has an environmental cost, precedes energy consumption. Exploitation Petroleum Large hydroelectric power plants Conventional thermal power plants Nuclear thermal power plants: risk of a nuclear accident and problems with nuclear waste 3.–ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT
- 22. 22 3.1 – ENVAIROMENTAL REPERCUSSIONS Energy consumption is preceded by a long process consisting of several stages, each of which has an environmental cost, precedes energy consumption. 3.–ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT Some solutions: Energy efficiency Reduce the consumption Habits more respectful Using renewable energy sources
Editor's Notes
- #5: Availability: Disponibilidad
- #6: Electrical power plants use an external source of energy to produce electricity. To do this, they rely on a turbine-alternator system. The turbine converts mechanical energy into the rotating movement of a shaft. The alternator is connected to the turbine shaft. As the shaft moves, it produces alternating electrical current.
- #7: The transportation of electrical energy involves several processes: raising the voltage to 220000V or 400000 V, transporting it by high voltage cables connected to towers, decreasing the voltage al electricity substations until it reaches 3-30 kV and distributing it to the consumption centers.
- #19: Oleoducto: oil pipeline Carguero: Cargo ship Camión cisterna: tranker truck Tren de carga: Freight train