UNIT- 5 Robotapplications-pdf new,doc.pdf
- 2. What we’re going to talk? Material Handling Machine Loading and Unloading Assembly Inspection
- 3. What we’re going to talk? Welding Spray painting Mobile robots Microbots
- 4. What we’re going to talk? Recent developments in robotics Safety consideration
- 5. It is further classified into two types : 1.Machine loading and unloading 2.Material transfer Material Handling We use material handling robots to transfer parts from one machine to another. Material handling is the combination of art and science of: Moving Storing Protecting Controlling the material
- 6. 1. right amount 2. of the right material 3. in the right condition 4. at the right place 5. in the right position 6. in the right sequence 7. in the right time 8. by the right method Material handling means providing the Link
- 7. Palletizing Robots: Automating the stacking of bag, cases, boxes, and other containers with an industrial robot arm increases productivity and saves workers from injury. Pick and Place Robots: Like manual palletizing, manual pick and place is a tedious process. Part Transfer Robots Types
- 8. 1. Reduce unit costs of production 2. Maintain or improve product quality, reduce damages, and provide for protection of materials 3. Promote safety and improve working conditions 4. Promote productivity 5. Promote increased use of facilities 6. Control inventory Goals of material handling
- 9. Machine Loading And Unloading In machine loading and unloading process, a robot will be used to move the work parts to or from the production machine. This application comes under the category of material handling operations. The machine loading and unloading application includes the following three processes: Machine loading Machine unloading Machine load and unload
- 10. In this operation, the robot loads raw work parts in the machine, and some other systems are used to unload the finished work parts from the machine. Example: In a press working process, a robot is used to load the sheet metal in the press, and the finished work parts are removed from the press with the help of gravity. Machine loading Link
- 11. Machine Unloading In machine unloading, the finished work parts are unloaded from the machine by a robot, while the loading of raw materials are done without any robot support. Example: Plastic modeling and die casting. Link
- 12. Machine Loading & Unloading In this process, a robot performs both loading and unloading of work parts in and from the machine. Example: Machining operation Link
- 13. •Precision •Accuracy •Increased Safety •Speed •Reliability •Flexibility •Can be used in dangerous work environment •Machine loading robots work efficiently, tirelessly, and accurately Benefits of Machine Loading
- 14. Assembly When it comes to putting parts together, assembly line robots occupy a sweet spot between humans and dedicated or “hard” automation. An assembly robot moves faster and with greater precision than a human.
- 15. Assembly tasks are typically those which involve insertion of a peg into a hole. See Figure
- 16. •Robot find applications in assembly areas involving 1. screwing of studs and screws in threads holes 2. screwing and unscrewing of nuts 3. insertions of shafts in holes 4. insertion of electronics components in electric assemblies. 5. assemblies of small electric motors , plugs, switches, etc Application Link
- 17. Inspection •The inspection of robots will involve some of the sensors to calculate the worth of a manufactured part. It uses mechanical probe experiments to inspect the finished parts. •A robot arm with a vision camera can also be used for non-destructive testing and 3D measurements. It can objectively identify and pinpoint defects or faulty parts before they are packed or shipped.
- 18. Welding •Robot Welding is a process of joining different materials. •The large bulk of materials that are welded are metals and their alloys although welding is also applied to the joining of other materials such as thermoplastics. •Welding joins different metals or alloys with help of a number of processes in which heat is supplied either electrically or by means of a gas torch.
- 19. WHY ROBOT ARC WELDING? •Arc welding is performed by skilled workers who are assisted by a person called fitter. •The purpose of the fitter is to organize the work and fixture the parts of the welder. •The working condition of the welder is typically unpleasant and hazardous. •The arc from the welding process emits ultra-violet radiations which is injurious to human vision. •As a result welders are required to wear eye protection in the form of a welding helmet with a dark window. •Sparks and smoke are generated during the process are a potential threat to operators. •Because of the hazards for human workers in continuous arc welding, it is logical to consider industrial robots for the
- 20. BENEFITS OF ROBOT ARC WELDING GREATER QUALITY OF PRODUCT IMPROVED SAFTEY AND QUALITY-OF- WORK LIFE HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY Link
- 21. FEATURES OF ARC WELDING ROBOTS WORK VOLUME AND DEGREES OF FREEDOM MOTION CONTROL SYSTEM PRECISION OF MOTION PROGRAMMING INTERFACE WITH OTHER SYSTEM
- 23. PROBLEMS FOR ROBOTS IN ARC WELDING A related problem is that arc welding is often performed in confined areas that are difficult to access, such as insides of tanks, pressure vessels, and ship hulls. Humans can position in to these areas more readily than robots. One of the most difficult technical problems is the variation in the dimensions of the parts in a batch production job. This type of dimensional variations means that the arc-welding path to be followed will change slightly from part to part. Another technical difficulty is the variations in the edges and surfaces to be welded together. Instead of being straight and regular, the edges are typically irregular. This causes variations in the gap between the parts and other problems in the way the pieces mate together prior to the welding process.
- 24. Arc welding robots performing in a workshop
- 25. WHY ROBOT SPOT WELDING? •For larger works on spot welding the welding guns with cables attached is quite heavy and can easily exceed 100lb in weight. •To assist the operator in manipulating the gun, the apparatus is suspended from an overhead hoist system. •Even with this assistance, the spot-welding gun represents a heavy mass and is difficult to manipulate by a human worker at high rates of production desired on a car body assembly line. •There are often problems with the consistency of the welded products made on such a manual line as a consequence of this difficulty. •As a result of these difficulties robots have been employed with great success on this type of production line to perform
- 26. BENEFITS OF ROBOT SPOT WELDING IMPROVED PRODUCT QUALITY OPERATOR SAFETY BETTER CONTROL OVER PRODUCTION OPERATION Link
- 27. FEATURES OF SPOT-WELDING ROBOTS •Robots must be relatively large. It must have sufficient payload capacity to readily manipulate the welding gun for the application. •The work volume must be adequate for the size of the product. •The robot must be able to position and orient the welding gun in places on the product that might be difficult to access. This might result in need for an increased number of freedoms. •The controller memory must have enough capacity to accomplish the many positioning steps required for the spot-welding cycle.
- 28. A typical spot welding robot
- 29. Spot welding robot performing in a welding cell
- 30. SPRAY PAINTING Every metallic material will be painted at the final stage of production in order to protect it from corrosion. In an automobile industry, the finished metals are painted with different colors for attracting the customers.
- 31. In olden days, this painting process was done by two methods such as spray coating and immersion & flow coating methods. Spray Coating method: In the spray coating method, a spray gun is used to coat the paints on a metal. It is done manually by the well skilled human labors. This process can be performed by three different ways, namely: Airless spray method. Air spray method. Electrostatic spray method. Immersion and Flow Coating methods: The operation of immersion and flow coating methods are almost similar to each other. Both these methods are very simple techniques in the painting process. In the immersion method, a metal is dropped into a paint tank and taken out. The surplus of paints is sent back to the tank. The metals that are to be painted are placed on top of the paint tank in the flow coating method. In this process, the paint is made to flow on METHODS USED FOR SPRAY PAINTING
- 32. The spray coating method is the harmful process in the painting operation. It causes a lot of dangers to the human workers such as: •Production of fire during the combination of flammable paint and air. •Emission of toxic fumes and mist in the environment. •Possibility of cancer disease. •Noise from the spray gun nozzle will cause hearing problems. WHY ROBOT FOR SPRAY PAINTING
- 33. This robot attaches a spray gun on its wrist and acts like an end effector. The operation is programmed by a human with the help of teach – through methods. A robot must have several necessities such as two or more program storage, continuous path control, manual lead through programming method, and hydraulic drive system for carrying out this process. This type of robots is mostly used in automobile industries for painting the exterior and interior parts of a car. Link
- 34. Advantages of Spray Painting Robot High consistency Better productivity Increased labors safety Less power consumption Minimizes the use of paint
- 35. MOBILE ROBOTS –Robots that move around on legs, tracks or wheels from one place to another. Eg- In 1979 a nuclear accident in the USA caused a leak of radioactive material which led to Production of special robot –which Can handle the radioactive materials.
- 36. Why go from place to place? •Transport goods and materials •Carry messages •Get there faster •Do a task while you’re getting there •Collect information about what’s there •Get away from something
- 37. Most robots get around by rolling Walking is hard – it requires balancing Swimming only works in water Flying requires a lot of speed and energy Wheels and treads make moving over ground easier. They provide stability with multiple points that touch the ground
- 38. How do mobile robots work Sensors Motors Wheels Programming! Link
- 39. Components of a Mobile Robot (an example) microphone Proximity sensor Video camera Microwave motion detector Ultrasound transducer (sonar) Polaroid Ring of IV sensors On-board computer; magnetic compass to measure robot orientation; temperature transducers Ring of Polaroid sonar sensors Wheel and motor from a whelchair range-finder Bateries 12V, 80 Ah disparador pneumático de setas RF Communication antenna
- 40. Components of a Mobile Robot • A mobile robot is a combination of various physical (hardware) and computational (software) components. • In terms of hardware components, a mobile robot can be considered as a collection of subsystems for: – Locomotion – how the robot moves through its environment – Sensing – how the robot measures properties of itself and its environment – Reasoning – how the robot maps the measurements into actions – Communication – how the robot communicates with an outside operator • In terms of software components, a set of subsystems are responsible for: – Planning in its various aspects
- 41. Microbots (or microrobots) is the field of miniature robotics, in particular mobile robots with dimensions less than 1 mm. The term can also be used for robots capable of handling micrometer size components. INTRODUCTION Microbots were developed as a result of 1. Microcontrollers 2. Appearance of miniature mechanical systems on silicon (MEMS)
- 42. One of the major challenges in developing a microrobot is to achieve motion using a very limited power supply. CHALLENGES The microrobots can use a small lightweight battery source like a coin cell or can scavenge power from the surrounding environment in the form of vibration or light energy. Microrobots are also now using biological motors as power sources to draw chemical power from the surrounding fluid to actuate the robotic device. How to overcome challenges
- 45. I. Obtaining and measuring data by sensing II. Collecting samples III. Recording and IV. Transferring images to a Central Control Station. A Microbot is also contain a mobile communication module by means of which it can receive commands from the control centers and send responses. TASKS
- 46. A microbot system is composed of four fundamental subsystems 1) Mobility 2) Power 3) Communication 4) Control and Computation 5) Sensors. SUBSYSTEMS
- 47. Robots in Space NASA Space Station
- 48. Robots in Hazardous Environments TROV in Antarctica operating under water HAZBOT operating in atmospheres containing combustible gases
- 49. Medical Robots Robotic assistant for micro surgery
- 50. Robots at Home Sony Aido Sony SDR-3X Entertainment Robot
- 51. Future of Robots Cog Kismet Artificial Intelligence
- 52. Future of Robots Garbage Collection Cart Robot Work Crews Anatomy
- 53. Future of Robots HONDA Humanoid Robot Humanoids
- 54. Tasks which are: – Dangerous • Space exploration • chemical spill cleanup • disarming bombs • disaster cleanup – Boring and/or repetitive • Welding car frames • part pick and place • manufacturing parts. – High precision or high speed • Electronics testing • Surgery • precision machining. Ideal Tasks
- 55. • Automation –Machinery designed to carry out a specific task – Bottling machine – Dishwasher – Paint sprayer • Robots – machinery designed to carry out a variety of tasks – Pick and place arms – Mobile robots – Computer Numerical Control machines (These are always better than robots, because they can be optimally designed for a particular task).
- 56. Recent developments in robotics 1 A new version of a humanoid disaster robot, called Atlas, can do half-turns in the air and even a back flip.
- 57. The eerily humanoid robot, called Atlas, is 4.9 feet (1.5 meters) tall and weighs 165 pounds (75 kilograms), and uses Lidar and stereovision to navigate in its surroundings, according to Boston Dynamics, which makes the robot. Atlas is designed to be able to take on emergency situations where human life would normally be put at risk, such as going into buildings that have crumbled after an earthquake, or dealing with patients who have deadly, highly infectious diseases. This robot performing amazing acrobatic feats, from backflips to half-turn jumps. Atlas has other human-like abilities, such as a sense of balance, so it resists toppling when pushed, and can get back up after a fierce shove. https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=30&v=fRj34o4hN4I
- 58. 2 "Sophia," created by Hanson Robotics, attends the RISE Conference at the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre on July 12, 2017.
- 59. A robot with an uncannily human-like appearance recently advanced one step closer to human status, when it was granted citizenship to Saudi Arabia at the tech summit Future Investment Initiative (FII). Named "Sophia," the robot, created by Hanson Robotics (HR), has a pale-skinned face with features that are capable of being highly mobile and expressive and displaying a range of emotions. The company's "latest and most advanced robot," according to a statement on the HR website took to the stage at FII on Oct. 25 to address hundreds of attendees in Riyahd, Saudi Arabia, and to announce her recently acquired citizenship — the first to be given to a robot. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gWxRLA2BWkw
- 60. 3 Hands Free Hectare is an experimental farm run by researchers from Harper Adams University, in the United Kingdom.
- 61. It's harvest season in many parts of the world, but on one farm in the United Kingdom, robots — not humans — are doing all the heavy lifting. At Hands Free Hectare, an experimental farm run by researchers from Harper Adams University, in the village of Edgmond in the U.K., about 5 tons (4.5 metric tons) of spring barley have been harvested from the world’s first robotically tended farm. Everything from start to finish — including sowing, fertilizing, collecting samples and harvesting — has been done by autonomous vehicles on the farm, according to the researchers. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xr4aBFUzLmw
- 62. 4 Just as one might don a wet suit to work underwater or a spacesuit to work in space, researchers are designing exoskeletons for robots so the machines can wear a variety of outfits tailored to different missions. In experiments, self-folding, heat-activated origami suits created for robots could help the machines walk, roll, sail and glide, according to the new study.
- 63. 5 The Robobee is the size of a cent
- 64. This insect-sized flying robot is smaller than a quarter, 12 times lighter than a paperclip, and zips through the air with a pair of flapping wings. That’s not even the impressive part. Using a trick of electrostatic energy, the minuscule bot can efficiently cling to the underside of any flat surface, from tree leaves to glass skylights to your plaster ceiling. This electric-powered perching is almost effortless—it takes 1,000 times less energy than is needed to fly. The insectoid bot is called RoboBee, and was developed by a team of roboticists led by Moritz Graule, a mechanical engineer at MIT. RoboBee’s wings beat almost as quickly as a real honeybee.
- 65. Kindly refer the second PPT for SAFETY CONSIDERATION
- 66. Robotics - Fields of application 1.Agriculture 2.Automobile 3.Construction 4.Entertainment 5.Health care: hospitals, patient-care, surgery , research, etc. 6.Law enforcement: surveillance, patrol, etc. 7.Manufacturing 8.Military: demining, surveillance, attack, etc. 9.Mining, excavation, and exploration 10.Transportation: air, ground, rail, space, etc. 11.Material handling 12.Material transfer 13.Machine loading/ unloading 14.Spot welding 15.Continuous arc welding 16.Spray painting 17.Assembly 18.Inspection 19.Laboratories: science, engineering , etc.
- 67. The Purpose of Robots Robots are also used for the following tasks: • Dirty Tasks • Repetitive tasks • Dangerous tasks • Impossible tasks • Robots assisting the handicapped • Can operate equipments at much higher precision than humans. • Cheaper on a long term basis.
- 68. Thank you