Women led reform efforts during the Progressive Era, pushing for change due to dangerous working conditions, low pay, and long hours. They formed organizations like the National Association of Colored Women to fight for the rights of black women and the National American Women's Suffrage Association led by Susan B. Anthony to fight for women's suffrage. Key figures like Alice Paul founded the National Women's Party and led protests in Washington D.C., while Carrie Chapman Catt later became president of NAWSA and helped pass the 19th Amendment guaranteeing women's right to vote.