Unit ii ecommerce ppt
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The document discusses network infrastructure for e-commerce. It covers topics like the components of the information superhighway including local on-ramps, backbone networks, and global distribution networks. It also discusses broadband technologies, definitions of the information superhighway, introduction to the I-Way, market forces influencing it, and components like telecom infrastructure, cable TV infrastructure, and wireless infrastructure. Finally, it covers internet as a network infrastructure, including computer network concepts, network device roles like hubs, switches and routers, and understanding client and server systems.
Unit ii ecommerce ppt
- 2. COURSE OUTLINE ▪ Introduction to information superhighway, ▪ Components of the I-way, ▪ Internet as network infrastructure, TCP/IP Protocol suite, Intranet, Extranet etc. ▪ Software agents (static and dynamic), ▪ Broadband technologies (xDSL, Wi-Fi, WAN).
- 3. Broadband ? ▪ A high-capacity transmission technique using a wide range of frequencies, which enables a large number of messages to be communicated simultaneously. ▪ Broadband commonly refers to Internet access via a variety of high-speed wired and wireless networks, including cable, DSL, FiOS(Fiber Optic Strands), Wi-Fi, WiMAX, 3G, 4G and satellite, all of which are faster than earlier analog dial-up by a huge magnitude.
- 4. I-Way: Definition ▪ Information Superhighway is a high-speed global communications network that can carry data, voice, video and other services around the world using technology such as the satellite, optical fiber and cellular telecommunications. ▪ Basically, the term I-way describes a high-capacity (broadband), interactive (two-way) electronic pipeline to the home or office that is capable of simultaneously supporting a large number of electronic commerce applications and providing interactive connectivity between users and services and between users and other users. ▪ It is envisioned to provide very high speed access to information in all forms (text, graphics, audio, video) via a wired or wireless connection.
- 5. Introduction to I-Way ▪ The information superhighway is a term coined by American Vice President Albert Gore when giving a speech on January 11, 1994 describing the future of computers accessing and communicating over a world-wide network. ▪ In simple words, it is the global information and communications network that includes the Internet and other networks and switching systems such as telephone networks, cable television networks, and satellite communication networks used for e-commerce and many more other purposes.
- 6. INTRODUCTION TO I-WAY ▪ The I-way has emerged as the basic network infrastructure for all types of E- commerce activities due to its capability to provide integrated voice ,data and video services . ▪ I-way has changed the way business advertises, market or sell their products and services. ▪ A physical network, an infrastructure of modern high-speed that links everyone at home or office to everything else. ▪ In practicality it is identical to internet provided -connections are broadband - they are continuously running. ▪ As internet develops into I-way, changes will take place in infrastructure not in internet.
- 7. Market Forces Influencing I-Way ▪ Users: becoming information publishers. ▪ Consumers, end users, or businesses: consuming information about products/services. ▪ ISPs: commercial, government or private. ▪ Value added information providers: includes third party brokers, intermediaries, originators of services who add value to services provided by others.
- 8. Components of I-Way Telecom-based Infrastructure Cable TV-based Infrastructure Wireless Infrastructure Commercial online Infrastructure Consumer/ Business Premises Equipment Backbone Communicat ion and Satellite Networks Network Access Equipment Local on-Ramps Global Information Distribution Netwroks
- 9. Components of I-Way: Network access equipment ▪ This component of the I-way includes hardware and software vendors, who provide physical devices such as routers and switches, access devices such as computers and set-top boxes, and software platforms such as browsers and operating systems. ▪Hardware and software vendors: who provide ▪ set-top boxes ▪ computers ▪ switches, hubs, routers ▪ software platforms such as browser operating systems
- 10. Components of I-Way: Local on-ramps or access roads ▪ Simplify linkages between businesses, schools, and homes to the communications backbone. ▪ This component is often called the "last mile" in the telecommunications industry. ▪ The providers of access ramps can be differentiated into four categories: ▪ telecom-based, ▪ cable TV—based, ▪ wireless-based, and ▪ computer-based on-line information services that include value-added networks (VANs) like intranet of an enterprise.
- 11. Components of I-Way LOCAL ON-RAMPS: Simplified ▪ connections linking home and personal networks with backbone ▪ requirement of huge investment ▪ also known as “last mile” ▪ divided into four categories: ▪ telecom based infrastructure ▪ cable tv-based infrastructure ▪ wireless infrastructure ▪ commercial online infrastructure
- 12. Components of I-Way: Global information distribution network ▪ Represent the communication infrastructure crisscrossing countries and continents. (i.e. long distance network) ▪ Most of the infrastructure for the I-way already exists in the vast network of fiber optic strands, coaxial cables, radio waves, satellites, and copper wires spanning the globe. ▪ Linking all the components of the I-way will require large capital investments in "open" systems (interoperable equipment that uses common standards) and installing gateways between various networks. ▪ A final requirement is switching hardware and software to move huge amounts of data effortlessly over such a complex network.
- 13. INTERNET AS A NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE
- 14. Internet as a Network Infrastructure Computer Network Concept ▪Computer Network ? ▪Networks are built with a mix of computer hardware and computer software. ▪A network connects computers, but can also connect other devices such as shared printers, removable media drives, scanners, and other equipment. ▪Networks enable people to share resources, ▪ Resources include printers, hard disks, and applications. ▪ Can greatly reduce the costs of providing these resources to each person in a company.
- 15. Internet as a Network Infrastructure Computer Network Concept ▪ Several terms are used to describe network devices ▪ hosts, nodes, workstations, peers, servers, and clients. ▪ A host (also known as "network host") is a computer or other device that communicates with others on a network. ▪ Hosts on a network include clients and servers -- that send or receive data, services or applications. ▪ Hosts typically do not include intermediary network devices like switches and routers, which are instead often categorized as nodes. ▪ A node is also a broader term that includes anything connected to a network, while a host requires an IP address. ▪ In other words, all hosts are nodes, but network nodes are not hosts unless they require an IP address to function.
- 16. Internet as a Network Infrastructure Computer Network Concept ▪ A typical network like the one in figure alongside has three basic hardware components: ▪ one or more servers or host computers (including microcomputers and mainframes), ▪ clients (PCs), and ▪ a circuit or network system, which is the path over which they communicate.
- 17. Internet as a Network Infrastructure Computer Network Concept ▪ In addition, servers and clients also need special-purpose network software that enables them to communicate. ▪ The server stores data and software that the clients can access. ▪ Organization can have several servers working together over the network with client computers to support the business application. ▪ The client is the input–output hardware device at the user’s end of a communication circuit. ▪ It provides users with access to the network, the data and software on the server, and other shared resources.
- 18. Internet as a Network Infrastructure Computer Network Concept ▪ In fact, now a days network does not need a computer designated specifically as a server. ▪ Most modern client computers are designed to support the dual roles of both client and server, sharing resources to the network and, at the same time, accessing resources from the network. ▪ The circuit (cable plant or transmission media) is the pathway through which the data or information travels. ▪ Traditional wired networks typically use copper wire, although fiber-optic cable and wireless transmission hybrid systems are common. ▪ There are also devices in the circuit that perform special functions such as hubs, switches, routers, bridges, and gateways.
- 19. Internet as a Network Infrastructure Network Device Roles ▪ Figure alongside shows a small network that has four client PCs and three specialized server PCs connected by a hub or switch and cables that make up the circuit. ▪ In this network, messages move through the hub to and from the computers. ▪ All computers share the same circuit and take turns sending messages.
- 20. Internet as a Network Infrastructure Network Device Roles: Hub and Switch ▪ Each computer, client, or server has a network adapter, or network interface card (NIC). ▪ In the case of a wireless network, the network adapter sends and receives radio frequency messages, not that different from a walkie-talkie or cell phone. ▪ The network adapter also determines the low level protocol used by the computer to communicate on the network. ▪ Network adapters running on one protocol cannot communicate with network adapters running on a different protocol. ▪ In older networks, hubs are used as central points where the cables leading out to network PCs come together. A hub is simply a connection point that does not provide any sophisticated control. ▪ In current networks, you are more likely to see a switch rather than a hub. From the outside, both look much the same, but a switch is a more sophisticated communication device that helps control and manage the data passing between the PCs.
- 21. Internet as a Network Infrastructure Network Device Roles: Router ▪ Figure above also shows a router. The router enables computers on one network to communicate with computers on other networks, but at the same time provide a level of isolation between the networks. ▪ Routers are a key part of the Internet, which is, at its core, a massive set of interconnected networks. ▪ A gateway is used to connect dissimilar networks and devices. For example, a gateway can be used to connect PCs on a LAN to a mainframe computer. ▪ Like routers, bridges connect a network to other networks. ▪ Bridges do not provide the same level of isolation as routers, but can be used in some situations where routers cannot be used. ▪ Another device, called a brouter, combines the functionality of a bridge and router in the same device.
- 22. Internet as a Network Infrastructure Understanding Client and Server ▪ Client/server describes the relationship between two computer programs in which one program, the client, makes a service request to another program, the server, which fulfills the request. ▪ The basic difference between clients and servers is the software that they run. ▪ Clients, as you might guess, run a client operating system. ▪ Common client operating systems include Microsoft Windows 7/8/10, and MacOS. ▪ Servers run either a server operating system or network operating system. ▪ Common server OS include Windows Server systems such as Windows 2003 Server and Windows Server 2008, as well as most Linux versions. ▪ Either one enables the computer to act as a server, by running the software necessary for central security management.