Siraj e commerce project
- 1. ABSTRACT NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE FOR E-COMMERCE For the first 25 years of its existence, commercial use of the internet was improper. From 1969 to the early 1990’s, the internet was restricted to military, academic, and a few corporate research users. Most of the 1billion internet users would be surprised to learn that 1994, the beginning of the explosion in public interest, actually marked the 25th anniversary of the internet .Theoretical work on the internet started in the early 1960’s.The first implementation of the net occurred in 1969, looking the University of California at Los Angles to the Stanford Research Institute .Over the next five years many of the procedures still in use today were developed. These included e-mail and the @ symbol in addresses (1971), remote accessing of computers through telnet 1972, multiple- person chat sessions (1973), and the down loading of files ftp (1973). Electronic commerce is an emerging concept that describes the process of buying and selling or exchanging of products, services and information via, tele- communication and computer networks including the internet. Electronic commerce needs a network infrastructure to transport the content- data, audio, visual, text, animation and so on. This network infrastructure is provided by what is known as the I-way or information super highway. The information super highway may be defined as (Kalakota and Whinston)a high capacity, electronic pipeline to a consumer or business premises that is capable of simultaneously supporting a large number of E-commerce applications and providing interactive connectivity between users and services and between users and other users .The I-way has emerged as the basic network infrastructure for all types of E-commerce activities due to its capability to provide integrated voice ,data and video services . I-way has changed the way business advertises, market or sell their products and services. This paper highlights the network infrastructure in E-Commerce. I NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE FOR E-COMMERCE
- 2. INTRODUCTION For the first 25 years of its existence, commercial use of the internet was improper. From 1969 to the early 1990’s, the internet was restricted to military, academic, and a few corporate research users. Most of the 1billion internet users would be surprised to learn that 1994, the beginning of the explosion in public interest, actually marked the 25th anniversary of the internet .Theoretical work on the internet started in the early 1960’s.The first implementation of the net occurred in 1969, looking the University of California at Los Angles to the Stanford Research Institute .Over the next five years many of the procedures still in use today were developed. These included e-mail and the @ symbol in addresses (1971), remote accessing of computers through telnet 1972, multiple- person chat sessions (1973), and the down loading of files ftp (1973). E-COMMERCE Electronic commerce is an emerging concept that describes the process of buying and selling or exchanging of products, services and information via, tele- communication and computer networks including the internet. Kalakota and Whinston(1997)define Electronic Commerce from perspectives as: From a communication perspective, E-.commerce is the delivery of information, products/ services, orders and payments over telephone lines, computer networks or any other electronic means. From a business process perspective, E-commerce is the use of technology towards the automation of business transactions and work flows. From a service perspective, E-commerce is a tool that caters to the need of firms, consumers and management to cut down the transaction costs while improving the quality of goods /services and increasing the speed of delivery. From an online perspective, E-commerce provides the capability of buying and selling products and information on the internet and other online services. NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE FOR E-COMMERCE Electronic commerce needs a network infrastructure to transport the content- data, audio, visual, text, animation and so on. This network infrastructure is provided by what is known as the I-way or information super highway. The information super highway may be defined as (Kalakota and Whinston)a high capacity, electronic pipeline to a consumer or business premises that is capable of simultaneously supporting a large number of E-commerce applications and providing interactive connectivity between users and services and between users and other users .The I-way has emerged as the basic network infrastructure for all types of E-commerce activities due to its capability to provide integrated voice ,data and video services . I-way has changed the way business advertise , market or sell their products and services .It has changed the relationships between business and customers, and between business and their collaborators . The information super highway has greatly affected the information sharing between various parts of the organisation and has had a considerable impact on the individual productivity and efficiency.
- 3. THE ELEMENTS OF NETWORK INFRASTURCTURE 1. Network interface card A network interface card is more commonly referred to as NIC. It is a device that allows computers to be joined together in a local area network (LAN). Network computers communicate with each other using a given protocol or agreed- upon language for transmitting data packets between the different machines, known as nodes. The network interface card acts as a liaison for the machine to both send and receive data on the LAN. A network card, network adapter, LAN adapter or NIC is a piece of computer hardware designed to allow computers to communicate over a computer network. It allows users to connect to each other either by using cables or wireless technology. A Network interface Controller (NIC) is a hardware interface that handles and allows a network cable device to access a computer network such as the Internet. 2. Hubs and Switches Switch is a device in networks that filters and forwards packets between Local Area Network (LAN) segments. Switches operate at the data link layer and sometimes that network layer of the Open system Interconnection (OSI) reference model and therefore support any packet protocol. LANs that use switches to join segments are called switched LANs or in the case of Ethernet networks , switched Ethernet LANs. A special type of network device called the hub can be found in many small business networks. In computer networking, hub is a small, simple, inexpensive device that joins multiple computers together. 3. Gateways A node in a network that serves as an entrance to another net Web pages. In homes, the gateway is the ISP that connects the user and fire wall. The gateway is also associated with both a router which use headers and forwarding tables to determine where packets are sent and a switch which provides the actual path for the packet in an out of the gateway. Gateways are also called as protocol converters and can operate at any layer. The job of gateway is any more complex than that of a router or switch. INTERNET INFRASTRUCTURE Internet infrastructure comprises software and hardware both to run the internet. NETWORK ACCESS EQUIPMENT Users today, are accessing enterprise networks from anywhere in the world at any time with a myriad of access technologies and devices running any number of operating systems and applications. Hard ware tools are also called as network access equipment with the help of the network access equipment, internet is accessed. They can be classified in two forms. 1. Local-on-Ramps 2. Global Information Distribution Networks
- 4. LOCAL-ON-RAMPS This comprises many equipment to run internet. 1. Set-top boxes These are known as receiver, converters and decoders. Set-top boxes generally are digital devices that communicate using computer language .Digital Media Adapters, Digital Media Receivers, Windows Media Extender and most video games consoles are also examples of set-top boxes. Types of set-top boxes Broadcast TV set-top boxes. A more primitive set-top box with no back channel (return path) Enhanced TV set-top boxes Advanced set-top boxes Hybrid digital cable box 2. Computer-based telephony Computer telephony (CT) adds a new dimension to business communications where the telephone intelligent devices and interact with other devices and applications on a Local Area Network (LAN) Wide Area Network(WAN), Virtual Private Network (VPN) or even the Internet. Using an on- screen auto dialer, a user can simply select an entry from there contact management application as it is done on Yahoo messenger. 3. Hubs, Wiring, Clusters, Routers and digital switches A network hub or concentrator is a device for connecting multiple twisted pair or fibre optics. Hubs work at the physical layer of the Open System Integration model (OSI).The device is thus a form of multiport repeater, i.e. it is used to connect multiple computers in LAN. Network hubs are also responsible for operating LAN computers through other LAN computers. Switches have the same function as that of hub; the only difference is the speed, as switches have more speed. Routers are Internet-working devices that intelligently connect the local area networks (LANs) and Wide Area Network (WAN) of various providers. A router is located at the gateway where it directs the flow and determines the route of packets as they travel from one to another network. 4. Wired internet connection Wired Internet connection or fibre optic communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending light through an optic fibre.The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information.
- 5. The process of communicating using fibre-optics involves the following basic steps: Creating the optical signal using a transmitter relaying the signal along the fibre. Ensuring that the signal does not become too distorted or weak. Receiving the optical signal and converting it into an electrical signal. 5. Network interface card A network interface card (NIC) is a computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network. Personal computers and workstations on a Local Area Network (LAN) typically contain a network interface card specifically designed for the LAN transmission technology such as Ethernet. Network interface cards provide a dedicated, full time connection to a network. GLOBAL INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS This is basically a satellite internet connection. The global Information Distribution Networks is the Internet connection of communication networks, computers, databases and consumer electronics that make vast amount of information available to users. The global information infrastructure encompasses wide range of equipment including cameras, switches, compact disks, video and audio tape, cable, wire, satellite, Fibre optical transmission lines, networks of all types, televisions, monitors, printers and much more. CONCLUSION An internet marketer faces the continual and difficult challenges of mixing established best practices while creatively exploiting the newest opportunities and techniques .The only thing constant about the internet is its continual evolution, where by costs fluctuate, markets change, and new technology appear .An appreciation of the history of the commercial Internet is helpful in understanding how best to handle such a dynamic environment. REFERENCE 1. E -commerce & web marketing, Harson.kalyanan Cenage learning India private Ltd .:2009. Page no: 15 2. E_commerce:Dr.avenkatachalam,A. Jayapragash Am publication .2004. 3. Hobbe’s internet time line v.8.0 at http//.www.zakm.org/internet/timeline/and also k.Hatner and Matthew hang (1996).the origins of the internet Newyork. Simon&schuster. 4. E_commerce, Mamta bhusry, Firewal media, page no: 73