Unit.1.1.introduction to phonetics.1
- 1. Introduction to Phonetics Gokhale Education Society’s S.M.R.K. B.K. A.K Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Nasik-5. CC English (LL) F.Y.B.Com. Sem I Unit 1 Ms.Geetanjali Gitay Assistant Professor Dept. of English
- 2. Introduction • The word “phone” means sounds. e.g. telephone – “tele” means distant and “phone” means “ sound”, so” telephone” means an instrument that helps us to listen to distant sounds. • In English , there are 26 alphabets from A to Z. However, the pronunciation of these alphabets is not uniform for all words. e.g. “c” – cook, cycle, check. “s” – sell , sugar. • So we can observe that a single alphabet is pronounced differently. • The study and classifications of these speech sounds is called “ Phonetics”. •Phonetics is part of linguistics, which is the scientific study of language. • Phonetics helps us learn pronunciation, accent and intonation of sounds in English.
- 3. Speech Event • Pronunciation of each sound requires a complex procedure to take place. •First, a concept or idea is formulated in the speaker’ brain and then its linguistic codification is transmitted by the nerves to speech organs, which are set in motion. • The movement of these organs set up disturbance in the air, and these sound waves are received by the listener’s ears. • His nervous system carries the message to brain, where it is interpreted in linguistic terms. • The speaker and the listener must share the same linguistic code in order to communicate effectively. It means they both should know the language they are communicating in. • The energy for the production of speech is generally provided by the air- stream coming out of the lungs. • The sounds are passed through air. So air acts as a medium to carry sounds. • Thus pronouncing a sound involves a complex physical process.
- 5. Phoneme • Phoneme is the smallest unit of phonetics. • Each individual sound is represented by a ‘phoneme’. • There are 26 alphabets in English but 44 phonemes. • These 44 phonemes are further divided into two categories : 1. Vowels and 2. Consonants • There are 20 vowel sounds which are divided into Pure Vowels (12) and Diphthongs (08). • There are 24 consonant sounds in English. • Each of the phonemes is represented by a different symbol. • We are going to study RP system that is British Received Pronunciation.
- 7. Vowels • Vowel are necessary to form words. A word cannot be formed without vowels. • Vowel sound can be pronounced continually as there is no closure of speech organs while pronouncing it. • There are only 5 letters to represent vowel sounds (a, i, e, o, u) in English but 20 phonemes to represent their pronunciation. • They are further divided into Pure Vowels(12) and Diphthongs (08). • Pure vowels are single vowel sounds and are classified into Short Vowels and Long Vowels. •Diphthongs are sounds created by combining two vowel sounds.
- 8. Vowels: Pure Vowels (12) Diphthongs (08) Pure Vowels (Short and Long) Diphthongs
- 10. Conclusion In this presentation, we discussed : 1. What is Phonetics? 2. What are Phonemes? 3. Speech Event 4. Organs of Speech 5. Phonemes 6. Vowels (20): Pure Vowels(12) and Diphthongs (08) 7. Vowels in Transcription
- 11. Text Content Source : 1. Spoken English : A Manual of Speech and Phonetics, Bansal R.K. and Harrison J.B., Orient Longman , (Second Edition)(1991) Image Source : 1. www.google.com