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- 2. Unit - I Introduction • Embedded Systems • classifications, • Applications • purpose of embedded systems.
- 3. INTRODUCTION • Everything that we look around us today is electronic. • The days are gone where almost everything was manual. • Now even the food that we eat is cooked with the assistance of a microchip (oven) and the ease at which we wash our clothes is due to the washing machine. • This world of electronic items is made up of embedded system
- 4. DEFINITION OF AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM An embedded system is a combination of 3 things: a. Hardware b. Software c. Mechanical Components And it is supposed to do one specific task only.
- 5. Example 1: Washing Machine A washing machine from an embedded systems point of view has: a. Hardware: Buttons, Display & buzzer, electronic circuitry. b. Software: It has a chip on the circuit that holds the software which drives controls & monitors the various operations possible. c. Mechanical Components: the internals of a washing machine which actually wash the clothes control the input and output of water, the chassis itself.
- 6. Example 2: Air Conditioner An Air Conditioner from an embedded systems point of view has: a. Hardware: Remote, Display & buzzer, Infrared Sensors, electronic circuitry. b. Software: It has a chip on the circuit that holds the software which drives controls & monitors the various operations possible. The software monitors the external temperature through the sensors and then releases the coolant or suppresses it. c. Mechanical Components: the internals of an air conditioner the motor, the chassis, the outlet, etc.
- 7. ..... An embedded system is designed to do a specific job only. Example: a washing machine can only wash clothes, an air conditioner can control the temperature in the room in which it is placed. • The hardware & mechanical components will consist all the physically visible things that are used for input, output, etc. • An embedded system will always have a chip (either microprocessor or microcontroller) that has the code or software which drives the system.
- 8. 1 2 3 CLASSIFICATION OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM The classification of embedded system is based on following criteria's:
- 10. ON COMPLEXITY & PERFORMANCE
- 12. APPLICATION OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM
- 13. PURPOSE OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM Data Collection/Storage/Representation Data communication Data signal processing Monitoring Control Application specific user interface
- 14. Data Collection/Storage/Representation üEmbedded system designed for the purpose of data collection performs acquisition of data from the external world. ü Data collection is usually done for storage, analysis, manipulation and transmission. üData can be analog or digital. üEmbedded systems with analog data capturing techniques collect data directly in the form of analog signal whereas embedded systems with digital data collection mechanism converts the analog signal to the digital signal using analog to digital converters. üIf the data is digital it can be directly captured by digital embedded system. üA digital camera is a typical example of an embedded üSystem with data collection/storage/representation of data. üImages are captured and the captured image may be stored within the memory of the camera. The captured image can also be presented to the user through a graphic LCD unit.
- 15. Data communication üEmbedded data communication systems are deployed in applications from complex satellite communication to simple home networking systems. üThe transmission of data is achieved either by a wire-line medium or by a wire-less medium. ü üData can either be transmitted by analog means or by digital means. üWireless modules-Bluetooth, Wi-Fi. üWire-line modules-USB, TCP/IP. üNetwork hubs, routers, switches are examples of dedicated data transmission embedded systems.
- 16. Data signal processing üEmbedded systems with signal processing functionalities are employed in applications demanding signal processing like speech coding, audio video codec, transmission applications etc. üA digital hearing aid is a typical example of an embedded system employing data processing. üDigital hearing aid improves the hearing capacity of hearing impaired person
- 17. Monitoring üAll embedded products coming under the medical domain are with monitoring functions. üElectro cardiogram machine is intended to do the monitoring of the heartbeat of a patient but it cannot impose control over the heartbeat. üOther examples with monitoring function are digital CRO, digital multi-meters, and logic analyzers.
- 18. Control ü A system with control functionality contains both sensors and actuators. üSensors are connected to the input port for capturing the changes in environmental variable and the actuators connected to the output port are controlled according to the changes in the input variable. üAir conditioner system used to control the room temperature to a specified limit is a typical example for CONTROL purpose.
- 19. Application specific user interface ü Buttons, switches, keypad, lights, bells, display units etc are application specific user interfaces. üMobile phone is an example of application specific user interface. üIn mobile phone the user interface is provided through the keypad, system speaker, vibration alert etc.