Use of Technology CAPI
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The document discusses the use of technology for field data capture and compilation in agricultural censuses. It provides an overview of computer assisted personal interview (CAPI) software, describing advantages like easier survey management and higher quality data, as well as disadvantages like high upfront costs and reliance on connectivity. Examples are given of countries that have used CAPI and GPS technologies successfully in recent agricultural censuses. Specific CAPI products like Survey Solutions are profiled, highlighting features like integrated survey design and management tools. Country experiences using these technologies, such as Tanzania and Mozambique, are also summarized.
Use of Technology CAPI
- 1. Regional Roundtable on World Programme for the Census of Agriculture 2020 Nairobi, Kenya 18th - 22nd September 2017 Use of Technology for field data capture and compilation Technical session 18c Jairo Castano Senior Statistician Leader, Agricultural Census and Survey Team FAO Statistics Division
- 2. Overview of CAPI: description, advantages, disadvantages, products on the market Overview of Survey Solutions features Country examples: Estonia and Latvia Overview
- 3. • Remote sensing (RS) and aerial/ortho-photos: RS and aerial photos can be used for (i) cartography and frame building, (ii) supporting field work, (iii) crop estimation. • Handheld GPS devices: supports field activities such as geo-referencing plots, holding location, or measuring plot areas. • Mobile data collection: Computer Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI) using smartphones, tablets). • Remote data collection: Use of telephone and computers, such as Computer assisted telephone interview (CATI) and internet such as Computer assisted Self Interview (CASI or CAWI). • Online dissemination of results: web pages, social media and other electronic methods. Infographics and thematic GIS maps enhance readability and comprehensibility of census results. • Anonymization of micro-data: protocols, methods and tools are available for a safe access to microdata. New opportunities for census dissemination. Examples of use of technology in the census
- 4. Computer Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI) software allows recording responses on a computer or tablet instead of paper. What is CAPI?
- 5. • Easier Survey Management • Reduced variables costs (No transport costs, no storage costs, no printing costs, no data-entry costs) • Reduced time from data collection to analysis and reporting • Higher quality data (Enforced skip patterns, validation conditions, look-up tables) What are the advantages of CAPI?
- 6. Novel question types Geo reference, photos, barcodes scanning (for national IDs) Closer field monitoring Export paradata for monitoring activities during interviews (e.g. start & end time) Almost real time export of microdata Easier to implement changes to questionnaire No need to send questionnaires back and forth to field What are the advantages of CAPI?
- 7. High fixed cost Can be reduced by sharing use with other surveys Requires more preparation time - programming and testing questionnaire, procurement Time savings on back-end from no data entry compensates Many times requires connectivity Risks can be reduced by using 2 sim cards, back-up paper questionnaires, etc. Others: vulnerability to weather, batteries and access to power for charging What are disadvantages of CAPI?
- 8. Census and Survey Processing System (CSPro) Developed by the US census bureau and funded primarily by USAID. Widely used, but lacks survey management tools and requires programming knowledge. FREE + programming costs Open Data Kit (ODK): Core developers at UoW – Dpt. Of Computer Science. Open-sourced, funded partially through donations of users. FREE+ programming costs My Survey Solutions: Development supported by the Worl Bank GS, and first version released in 09.2013. Closed source, but integrates data management tools, and requires little to no knowledge of programming. FREE CAPI Products
- 9. • Global Strategy has implemented small sample surveys in Tanzania, Indonesia, and Jamaica • World Bank in partnership w/ NSOs have implemented surveys reaching 200K respondents in Malawi, 400K in Uganda, and 2.7 million in South Africa. FAO and Survey Solutions
- 10. User friendly survey management system built right into the software. Survey designer that requires no programming skills Cloud based data storage and transfer Geo references questions (holding location) Can accommodate any type of question User-friendly Android application for data entry Survey Solutions Features
- 11. Documentation on every part of the system available E-learning course available online (13 modules) Data export available in SPSS and STATA formats. DDI compliant metadata automatically generated. Automatic paradata tabulation for field monitoring *DDI: Data Documentation Initiative, an int’l standard for describing statistical data Survey Solutions Features (cont’d)
- 12. • The Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development (MLFD) undertook an randomized control trial (RCT) involving 600 livestock extension officers. • CAPI allowed results to be available in less than one month after baseline survey. • MLFD looking for more opportunities to expand data collection using CAPI. Country Experience - Tanzania
- 13. • For the Agricultural Census 2009/2010 Mozambique used CAPI combined with use of GPS. • The CAPI/GPS was used for computer assisted data collection and also to locate and measure the area of the plots. • INE Mozambique used Notebooks with CSPro software. It was the first time this approach was used in African countries. Country Experience Mozambique - Agricultural Census 2009/2010
- 14. Country experiences on use of CAPI, CATI, CASI and GPS technologies in census Country name Year of census CAPI/GPS/PDA/CA TI/CASI Estonia 2010 CAPI, CASI France 2010 CAPI Latvia 2010 CAPI, CATI,CASI, Malta 2010 CAPI Poland 2010 CAPI, CATI,CASI Slovenia 2010 CAPI, CATI Lithuania 2010 CASI Netherlands 2010 CASI Iceland 2010 CASI Austria 2010 CASI Finland 2010 CASI Sweden 2010 CASI, CATI Mozambique 2009/2010 CAPI, GPS Venezuela 2008 CAPI, GPS Argentina 2008 CAPI Colombia 2014 CAPI Brazil 2006 CAPI Mexico 2007 CAPI Canada 2011 CASI Uruguay 2011 GPS USA 2012 CASI Australia 2011 CASI Jordan 2007 CAPI Thailand 2013 CAPI Iran 2014 CAPI Countries are increasingly using IT technology in agricultural censuses for: data collection (CAPI, CASI, CATI); identification of location for field operation of enumerators (GPS); online monitoring of the progress in field operations in real time.
- 15. Thank You
Editor's Notes
- #14: Interviewer entered the data in the field at the time of the interview using CAPI software programs, installed on small notebook computer with ten-inch screens and long life batteries. The computers performed well, and proved easy to transport, use and recharge despite some difficult conditions; A 3G modem connected to the computers was used by the field supervisors to transfer the data files to the central processing operation at the INE HQ. The HQ operation group received the data as an email attachment. In places where the technology 3G was available the process went very well, however, where there was no 3G service, the data transmission had to be delayed until the interviewers re-entered the service area.