User centered Design
- 1. Information and Communication Technologies(ICT) Principles and Perspectives Chapter 6 Study Guide
- 2. User Centered Design • Focus on meeting the requirements that users have of computer systems • An approach which views knowledge about users and their involvement in the design process as a central concern • It is an approach to design that is based on the needs and interests of the user, with an emphasis on making the product usable and understandable
- 3. Software Engineering • Software Engineering focus on system functionality • Waterfall Model • Requirement gathering • Analysis • Design • Code • Testing • Operations : installation, migration, support , maintenance
- 6. Design Process • Determining problem exists and performing series of steps to resolve it • A feature of the design process is the creation of representations (Prototype) • Usability requirements vs functional requirements • Usability covers features about ease of learning, comfortable and efficient performance • Functionality covers areas relating to the technical competency of the product
- 7. Activity • Think of three likely usability requirements for a microwave oven. Describe the distinctions between functionality and usability. • What kind of design representations might we use to test the usability of the microwave oven?
- 8. User Centered Design • Based on real data • User center design has 4 core aspects 1. It places the user at the center of design 2. It focuses on involvement of the user 3. It integrates knowledge and expertise from different disciplines in HCI 4. It is highly iterative
- 9. Rationale for user involvement
- 10. Levels of user-centeredness • Technical centered UCD: where the users provide functional requirements. These users will inform, commission and be consulted with, but are essentially passive with respect to the design itself. • Joint user-specialist UCD: where the users are collaboratively involved in the design and are represented at all of the stages in the design process. A range of users are typically selected for this role where they act as ‘proxies’ for the other users and can see developments and make suggestions at all phases of the design.
- 11. Levels of user-centeredness • User-led UCD: where the developers provide a technical service to users, the users are actively in control of the design process. This technique is especially useful in the design of organizational information systems, for example databases, where users have a good understanding of what they need, although they may not be placed to address the technical aspects of technology and systems design best
- 12. Criticism on UCD • Project management • Contractual obligations • Costing
- 13. UCD Methods/Approaches • The Soft Systems Methodology concentrates on a holistic view of the system and its environment / context. SSM analyses the "situation of concern" rather than the "problem" (which has to be defined). It is a highly qualitative, interpretative, and subjective approach. • Co-operative and participatory design methods involve working with actual users of the system (both current and future users). The involvement of management from the client business is reduced in order to let the users express their needs and concerns free from any pressures from "above".
- 14. Star Life Cycle Design Approach • Centered around evaluation and does not specify any order to the activities surrounding this evaluation. It strongly encourages a high level of iteration throughout the design process.
- 15. Factors for measuring UCD • System effectiveness: the accurateness and completeness of goal completion in that particular environment. • Efficiency: the amount of resources expended in relation to the goals achieved. • Satisfaction: the comfort and acceptability of the work systems to its users (and other people affected by its use)
- 16. Principles for design • Learnability: offers ease of learning for novice users. • Flexibility: provides multiple ways to exchange information. • Robustness: supports successful achievement and assessment of the goals.
Editor's Notes
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