Usii.4b notes
- 1. SOL USII.4b: Immigration and the Growth of CitiesLisa PenningtonSocial Studies Instructional SpecialistPortsmouth Public Schools
- 2. VocabularyImmigrant: a person who comes to another country to live and work.Oppressive: limiting the rights and freedoms of individuals.Specialization: concentration on the manufacture of a particular product.Division of labor: each person does one specific part of the whole process.
- 3. Essential UnderstandingsPopulation changes, growth of cities, and new inventions produced interaction and often conflict between different cultural groups.
- 4. Reasons for Increased Immigrationhttp://www.edu.pe.ca/southernkings/Pictures/plain1.jpgHope for better opportunity
- 6. Escape from oppressive governments
- 7. AdventureEssential Understandings: Why cities developedPopulation changes, growth of cities, and new inventions produced problems in urban areas.
- 8. Reasons why Cities DevelopedSpecialized industries including steel (Pittsburgh) and meat packing (Chicago).Immigration from other countries.Movement of Americans from rural to urban areas for job opportunities.http://www.solpass.org/7ss/Images/steelmill%20pitts.jpgPittsburgh steel mill.
- 9. Cities with Specialized IndustriesPittsburgh: steelChicago: meat packingBoston: textilesNew York City: clothingCleveland: steelGary: steelPhiladelphia: ship buildingWestern Pennsylvania: oilhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d2/GB-7925.jpghttp://www.marinelog.com/IMAGESMMVI/akerfloatout.jpg
- 10. VocabularyPolitical machine: a party organization headed by a single boss or group that commands enough votes to maintain political control of a city, county, or state.Urbanization: growth in cities.Tenement: a building made up of many apartments.Ghetto: a specific area in a city where an ethnic group of similar culture, religion, and language lives.
- 11. VocabularyIndustrial Revolution: change in production methods from human to machine power.Entrepreneur: a person who takes a risk to establish a business.Factors of production: labor, capital, natural resources, and a transportation system to move the finished product to markets.
- 12. Essential KnowledgeRapid industrialization and urbanization led to overcrowded immigrant neighborhoods and tenements. Challenges faced by cities include tenements and ghettos and political corruption (political machines).http://edweb.sdsu.edu/ltca/Industrial/crowdedcity.jpg
- 13. Essential KnowledgeInventions had both positive and negative effects on society.Inventions contributed to great change and industrial growth.
- 14. InventionsThe development of the telegraph by Samuel Morse.Lighting and mechanical uses of electricity by Thomas Edison (light bulb and phonograph).http://www.wrvmuseum.org/morsecode/images/samuel_morse_telegraph.jpghttp://blogs.abcnews.com/scienceandsociety/images/edison_light_bulb.jpg
- 15. InventionsTelephone service developed by Alexander Graham Bell.Typewriter invented by Christopher Sholes. http://www.solarnavigator.net/inventors/inventor_images/alexander_graham_bell_1876_speaking_into_telephone.jpghttp://www.bankofengland.co.uk/education/museum/images/pictures/artifacts3_big.jpg
- 16. InventionsAtlantic cable developed by Cyrus Field.George Eastman creates an affordable camera (Kodak).http://www.physics.gla.ac.uk/~macvicar/KelvinWWW/images/14%20Atlantic%20cable%201857%20GLAHM%20113450.jpghttp://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/images/kodak88l.gif
- 17. InventionsCable cars invented by Andrew Hallidie.Electric street railroad invented by Frank Sprague.Invention of the gas powered automobile by the Duryea brothers.http://www.cable-car-guy.com/images/tacoma_003.jpghttp://images.businessweek.com/ss/06/01/auto_bday/image/car_right.jpg
- 18. InventionsGeorge Pullman invented the sleeping car. George Westinghouse invents the air brake.Elijah McCoy invents a device that oils engines. http://www.chicagohs.org/history/pullman/gif/01sleep.jpg
- 19. Essential UnderstandingsPopulation changes, growth of cities and new inventions produced reform situations that sought to provide services to crowded immigrant neighborhoods and remedy poverty.
- 20. VocabularySettlement houses: community centers in urban areas established by social and religious workers to meet the needs of people in poor neighborhoods.Hull House: a settlement house in Chicago established in 1889 by Jane Addams.Tammany Hall: a political machine run by New York Democrats; Boss Tweed was the leader.
- 21. Efforts to solve immigration problemsSettlement houses, such as Hull House, founded by Jane Addams Political machines that gained power by attending to the needs of new immigrants (e.g., jobs, housing)http://www.ci.chi.il.us/Landmarks/images/landmarks/h/hull1a.gif
- 22. Discrimination against immigrantsChinese and Irish immigrants, as well as other groups such as American Indians were discriminated against in several ways:Dawes Act of 1887: Native Americans were ordered to become educated, to become citizens, and not to sell their land for 25 years.Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882: banned immigration from China for 10 years.Gentlemen’s Agreement of 1908: limited the number of Japanese immigrants to the United States.Irish immigrants: suffered discrimination because of their Catholic religion.
- 23. Think About It…Why did immigration increase?Why did cities develop?What inventions created great change and industrial growth in the United States?What challenges faced Americans as a result of social and technological changes?