![Valency – theoretical, descriptive and cognitive issues vii
2. See, e.g., Emons (1974), Allerton (1982) and VDE (Herbst et al. 2004).
References
Ágel, Vilmos
2000 Valenztheorie. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag.
Allerton, David J.
1982 Valency and the English Verb. London/New York: Academic Press.
Bühler, Karl
1934 Sprachtheorie. Die Darstellungsfunktion der Sprache. Jena: Fischer
Verlag.
Engel, Ulrich, and Helmut Schumacher
1976 Kleines Valenzlexikon deutscher Verben. Tübingen: Gunter Narr
Verlag.
Emons, Rudolf
1974 Valenzen englischer Prädikatsverben. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer
Verlag.
de Groot, Albert W.
1964 Reprint. Structurele Syntaxis. The Hague: Servire. Original edition,
The Hague: Servire, 1949.
Helbig, Gerhard
1992 Probleme der Valenz- und Kasustheorie. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer
Verlag.
Helbig, Gerhard, and Wolfgang Schenkel
1969 Wörterbuch zur Valenz und Distribution deutscher Verben. Leipzig:
VEB Verlag Enzyklopädie.
Herbst, Thomas, David Heath, and Hans-Martin Dederding
1980 Grimm’s Grandchildren. Current Topics in German Linguistics.
London/New York: Longman.
Herbst, Thomas, David Heath, Ian Roe, and Dieter Götz (eds.)
2004 A Valency Dictionary of English. A Corpus-Based Analysis of the
Complementation Patterns of English Verbs, Nouns and Adjectives.
Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter. [VDE]
Matthews, Peter
1981 Syntax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Quirk, Randolph, Sydney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartvik
1985 A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London:
Longman.
Schumacher, Helmut, Jacqueline Kubczak, Renate Schmidt, and Vera de Ruiter
(eds.)
2004 VALBU – Valenzwörterbuch deutscher Verben. Tübingen: Gunter
Narr Verlag [VALBU].
Tesnière, Lucien
1959 Éléments de Syntaxe Structurale. Paris: Klincksieck.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/76930-250625042808-d9dd2840/85/Valency-Theoretical-Descriptive-and-Cognitive-Issues-1st-Edition-Thomas-Herbst-13-320.jpg)
Valency Theoretical Descriptive and Cognitive Issues 1st Edition Thomas Herbst
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- 5. Valency Theoretical Descriptive and Cognitive Issues 1st Edition Thomas Herbst Digital Instant Download Author(s): Thomas Herbst, Katrin Götz-Votteler ISBN(s): 9783110195736, 3110195739 Edition: 1 File Details: PDF, 4.07 MB Year: 2007 Language: english
- 6. Valency: Theoretical, Descriptive and Cognitive Issues Edited by Thomas Herbst Katrin Götz-Votteler Mouton de Gruyter
- 7. Valency ≥
- 8. Trends in Linguistics Studies and Monographs 187 Editors Walter Bisang (main editor for this volume) Hans Henrich Hock Werner Winter Mouton de Gruyter Berlin · New York
- 9. Valency Theoretical, Descriptive and Cognitive Issues edited by Thomas Herbst Katrin Götz-Votteler Mouton de Gruyter Berlin · New York
- 10. Mouton de Gruyter (formerly Mouton, The Hague) is a Division of Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin. 앪 앝 Printed on acid-free paper which falls within the guidelines of the ANSI to ensure permanence and durability. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Valency : theoretical, descriptive, and cognitive issues / edited by Tho- mas Herbst, Katrin Götz-Votteler. p. cm. ⫺ (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs ; 187) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-3-11-019573-6 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Dependency grammar. 2. Cognitive grammar. 3. Contrastive linguistics. 4. Computational linguistics. 5. Semantics. I. Herbst, Thomas. II. Götz-Votteler, Katrin, 1975⫺ P162.V345 2007 415⫺dc22 2007031827 ISBN 978-3-11-019573-6 ISSN 1861-4302 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at ⬍http://dnb.d-nb.de⬎. ” Copyright 2007 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, D-10785 Berlin All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechan- ical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, with- out permission in writing from the publisher. Cover design: Christopher Schneider, Berlin. Printed in Germany.
- 11. Preface: Valency – theoretical, descriptive and cognitive issues Thomas Herbst and Katrin Götz-Votteler As with most other concepts in linguistics, in the discussion of valency one must distinguish between the linguistic phenomenon of valency on the one hand and the use of the term valency and the development of theoretical frameworks associated with it on the other. As far as the former is con- cerned, it is obvious that valency phenomena have been treated in linguis- tics under a variety of different labels ranging from government or Rektion in traditional grammar to subcategorization in generative frameworks or comparatively neutral labels such as complementation in descriptive gram- mars such as the Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. Obvi- ously, up to a point the use of different terms suggests different ways of viewing the phenomenon in question. The notion of valency as such is generally linked with Tesnière’s de- pendency grammar, although similar concepts had been put forward for example by Bühler (1934) and de Groot (1949).1 It is probably fair to say that very significant contributions to the development of a theory of valency have been made by German linguistics since the 1960s. It is par- ticularly the work of Gerhard Helbig and the emergence of a number of German valency dictionaries (Helbig and Schenkel 1969; Engel and Schumacher 1976; VALBU 2004) that are of importance here. Both lexico- graphically oriented and theoretical work on valency have resulted in an extensive discussion of criteria for the distinction between complements and adjuncts and a distinction between different types of complements with respect to their various degrees of obligatoriness. In recent years, the term valency has increasingly been used for the description of English, some- times with explicit reference to the European tradition of valency theory and the concepts and criteria developed there,2 sometimes just as a new term for complementation phenomena. This volume comprises articles which deal with both the theoretical notion of valency and the analysis of valency phenomena. The articles in the first section, theoretical and descriptive aspects of valency, discuss the valency concept in its theoretical context (Peter Matthews) and the question of how valency phenomena can be described most appropriately with refer-
- 12. Thomas Herbst and Katrin Götz-Votteler vi ence to certain distinctions such as complement inventories or valency pat- terns or semantic or syntactic valency (Thomas Herbst, Katrin Götz- Votteler). Other papers focus on different concepts of grammaticalization (Lene Schøsler, Dirk Noël) and particular problems of valency in syn- chronic and diachronic descriptions (Mechthild Habermann, Michael Klotz, Ilka Mindt). Finally, this section contains an outline of the treatment of valency phenomena and the underlying theoretical concept in the Berkeley FrameNet project (Charles Fillmore). Section II focuses on the important issue of the role of valency phenom- ena in cognitive linguistics (Gert Rickheit and Lorenz Sichelschmidt, Ru- dolf Emons), where the acquisition of valency structures is of course a par- ticularly important aspect (Heike Behrens). Section III contains a number of papers with a contrastive orientation, which ranges from descriptive issues comparing different aspects of valency in English and German (Klaus Fischer, Irene Ickler, Brigitta Mitt- mann) and English, German and Norwegian (Stig Johansson) to a more pedagogically oriented account of valency errors in the performance of German and English learners (Ian Roe). Finally, Section IV is concerned with computational aspects of valency analysis, where possible ways of using existing valency descriptions such as the Valency Dictionary of English (2004) as the basis for programs of word recognition are demonstrated (Dieter Götz, Ulrich Heid) and other approaches towards the automatic analysis of valency structures in compu- tational linguistics are outlined (Roland Hausser, Besim Kabashi, Günther Görz and Bernd Ludwig). The volume comprises papers given at a conference entitled Valency: Valenz − Theoretical, Descriptive and Cognitive Issues held at the Fried- rich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg in April 2005, which was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Dr.-Alfred- Vinzl-Stiftung. The editors would like to thank these institutions for the generous support they gave to the conference, Dr. Anke Beck for attending the conference and her support of the present volume, David Heath for his help and advice in all matters linguistic and Susen Schüller for her work on the index. Above all, our thanks go to all participants of the conference. Notes 1. Cf. de Groot (1949/1964: 114-115) and Matthews (1981: 117). For the history of the concept of valency see Ágel (2000); for valency models in German lin- guistics see Herbst, Heath, and Dederding (1980) and Helbig (1992).
- 13. Valency – theoretical, descriptive and cognitive issues vii 2. See, e.g., Emons (1974), Allerton (1982) and VDE (Herbst et al. 2004). References Ágel, Vilmos 2000 Valenztheorie. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag. Allerton, David J. 1982 Valency and the English Verb. London/New York: Academic Press. Bühler, Karl 1934 Sprachtheorie. Die Darstellungsfunktion der Sprache. Jena: Fischer Verlag. Engel, Ulrich, and Helmut Schumacher 1976 Kleines Valenzlexikon deutscher Verben. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag. Emons, Rudolf 1974 Valenzen englischer Prädikatsverben. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. de Groot, Albert W. 1964 Reprint. Structurele Syntaxis. The Hague: Servire. Original edition, The Hague: Servire, 1949. Helbig, Gerhard 1992 Probleme der Valenz- und Kasustheorie. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag. Helbig, Gerhard, and Wolfgang Schenkel 1969 Wörterbuch zur Valenz und Distribution deutscher Verben. Leipzig: VEB Verlag Enzyklopädie. Herbst, Thomas, David Heath, and Hans-Martin Dederding 1980 Grimm’s Grandchildren. Current Topics in German Linguistics. London/New York: Longman. Herbst, Thomas, David Heath, Ian Roe, and Dieter Götz (eds.) 2004 A Valency Dictionary of English. A Corpus-Based Analysis of the Complementation Patterns of English Verbs, Nouns and Adjectives. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter. [VDE] Matthews, Peter 1981 Syntax. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Quirk, Randolph, Sydney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartvik 1985 A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. London: Longman. Schumacher, Helmut, Jacqueline Kubczak, Renate Schmidt, and Vera de Ruiter (eds.) 2004 VALBU – Valenzwörterbuch deutscher Verben. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag [VALBU]. Tesnière, Lucien 1959 Éléments de Syntaxe Structurale. Paris: Klincksieck.
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- 16. “You are at liberty to think that, if you like; it makes no difference to me.” “I know it.” “All right. I pulled him out, just the same, and we pumped the water out of him after getting him ashore. You were not on hand to help, and he would be dead past resuscitation at this moment had he depended on you.” Bunker advanced another step. “It makes no difference,” he grated; “you’ll pay for the guns, just the same—and for the oars, too. I want twenty dollars for my gun, and Jim’s was worth fifteen. The oars bring it up to—well, you can cough up fifty dollars, and we’ll call it square.” “How kind!” laughed Merriwell. “My dear sir, we could not think of accommodating you.” “You’ll have to, or I’ll crack your skull sure this time!” Now the club was flourished threateningly, and the face of the man showed he really meant it. Frank grew grave, but did not take his eyes from the ruffian. “Look here, Mr. Bunker,” he said, swiftly, “you are getting yourself into a bad scrape. If you don’t drop it, I’ll take the trouble to swear out a warrant for you at the earliest opportunity and place an officer on your track. It will not be difficult to put you behind iron bars.” “Bah!” again cried the man. “You can’t save yourself that way. Cough up.” “Not a cent!” “Then you get it!” “Come on!” Frank fell into a defensive attitude, and Bunker swung the club aloft, starting to make a spring. “Stop!”
- 17. The word rang out like a shot. It came from the lips of Bart Hodge, who was standing just behind Frank, having picked a small rifle out of the canoe. The weapon was at Bart’s shoulder, and its muzzle covered Bunker. “Stop!” repeated Hodge. “If you make another move, I’ll send a twenty-two into your head! It won’t make a large hole, but it will do some damage, even to a wooden head, like yours.” Bunker halted, for he saw that Hodge was in deadly earnest, and the rifle, small though it was, was not exactly pleasant to look upon just then. “You fool!” panted the man. “You wouldn’t dare!” “Oh, yes, I would!” grated Hodge. “I’d like to do it! It would give me great satisfaction, but I thought it best to give you fair warning first. Drop that club!” Bunker hesitated. “Drop it!” flashed Bart. “Drop it, or I’ll drop you!” The man let the club fall on the sand, and then he laughed. “Well, you chaps have more sand than I thought,” he said. “I was trying you—that’s all. Of course, I didn’t mean to do you any harm.” “Oh! of course not,” said Merriwell, with sarcasm. “You are one of the most harmless chaps in the world.” “Don’t think we’re fools,” snapped Hodge. “We stopped your little game, that’s all. Now, git.” “Yes, go,” cried Frank. “Where?” “Anywhere.” “But the boat—Welch——” “The boat is all right. Take a walk along the shore—lively. Don’t turn round till you are out of range of this rifle, for you may
- 18. encounter a bullet if you do. That’s all. Go on!” “But—but——” “There are no buts about it. Go this instant, or Hodge will salt you. Get a move on!” The man turned about and walked away. “Now,” said Frank, speaking to Welch, “I advise you to have nothing more to do with that chap. He’ll get you into some bad scrape if you do. You are lucky to get off this time so easily. I have no particular grudge against you, even though you did want to thump me for dancing with a certain young lady at Camp Benson yesterday. But don’t monkey round me in the future, for I don’t always overlook things this way. That’s all.” Hodge had pushed the canoe into the water, and now they entered it and pushed off from the shore. “It’s lucky I brought this rifle along,” said Hodge, as he placed it in the bow and picked up his paddle. “I had forgotten you had it,” confessed Frank. “It did come in handy, that is a fact.” By the time Bunker knew what had happened behind him, they were a long distance from the shore, skimming swiftly away.
- 20. CHAPTER XXI WAKING UP HANS. A column of blue smoke was rising above the trees on Sandy Point as the canoe containing Merriwell and Hodge drew up to the wide beach, on which lay three more inverted canoes. Just as the canoe touched the sand there was a whoop from the woods, and Hans Dunnerwust, stripped of the last rag of clothing, came bursting into view, made a wild run for the water, as if he were to plunge in headlong, stopped short when his toes were wet, and backed off, lifting his feet into the air and shaking them. “Shimminy Gristmas!” he gurgled. “Dot peen a narrow escapes. Dot vawter peen too vet vor you to took a path indo, ain’d id? Vot peen der use to took a path, anyvay? Id gits a veller all ofer vet, und id vos drouple to dry yourseluf. Yaw. I dook a path ven I vos ad Vardale, for der horneds shased me der prook indo. Dot peen goot enough to last you till next summer. Oxcuse me.” And then, with great gravity, not even looking at Frank and Bart, he turned about, walked up the beach and disappeared into the bushes. “Well,” laughed Merry, “Hans certainly came very near taking a voluntary bath that time. He stopped just in time.” “Browning has been guying him again,” said Bart. “I heard him ask Hans yesterday if this was not his year to take a bath.”
- 21. Frank cut some forked branches from the bushes near, and soon the white perch were strung upon them. The large fish were arranged on the outside of the strings, so they made a handsome showing. Taking care of the canoe and dipping the fish in the water, so they again glistened like silver, the boys started toward the cottage, which they were occupying on the point. There was a path to the cottage, and this they followed. As they approached, the door of the cottage was seen standing wide open, and Bruce Browning was heard laughing heartily within. Diamond was carrying in an armful of wood. “Ha! ha! ha!” roared Bruce. “You are in danger, Hans, for you say you got your toes wet. You’ll be ill, sure. Just think what a horrible thing it is to put wet water right onto a person’s skin.” “Vot’s der madder mit you!” squawked the voice of Hans. “You und Shack peen oud und done dot a liddle vile ago, don’d id? You kept bokin’ vun ad me till I got me my glothing oudt und vent oudt to took a path, but I vound der vawter too vet this mornings.” “Oh, yes; the water is wet. I never saw a Dutchman who wasn’t afraid of real wet water. They don’t even want to drink it.” “Vale, dot vasn’t no skin off you somevere, vos id? Vot peen der madder?” Then Frank and Bart mounted the steps and walked into the cottage, carrying the handsome fish they had caught. There were cries of astonishment and surprise from the three lads. “Ye gods!” burst from Browning. “What have you been doing, fellows?” “Catching fish,” laughed Frank. “Veesh?” squawked Hans, who was putting on his shirt. “Vale, I should said so! Vere vos dose veesh caught you?”
- 22. “By Jove!” exclaimed Diamond, his eyes shining. “Those are beauties! I didn’t suppose there were such fish in this lake.” “Nor I,” groaned Browning. “If I had, I’d turned out when Merriwell called me this morning. What sport you must have had!” “We caught them,” said Merry; “now, if you want some for breakfast, clean them and cook them.” “I don’t know much about cleaning fish,” said the big Yale man. “I’d rather catch them.” “So had I,” nodded Diamond; “but I didn’t catch them, so I am willing to clean my share.” “Und I vill cook them,” said Hans. “I pet more as eight or nine uf dose veesh can ead me this morning. I vos awful hongry since I took dot path.” Some of the fish were taken from the string and laid out to be admired. “There is a fellow that will weigh more than two pounds,” said Jack, pointing out a handsome perch. “And here is one larger than that,” said Merry. “It’s simply wonderful!” grunted Bruce. “Look at the difference between that big fellow and this one.” He picked up one of the smallest fish. Hans could not keep his eyes off the perch, although he was hastening to dress. He crowded in with the others as he drew on his trousers and drew his suspenders up over his shoulders. “Oh! I do lofe peautiful veesh,” he gurgled. “They vos goot food to ead your prain vor. I alvays ead veesh ven I can got them.” “That explains why you have such a remarkable brain,” observed Browning, as he dropped the small perch down the Dutch lad’s back, thrusting it inside the collar of his shirt, which was not buttoned.
- 23. As the cold, clammy fish slipped down his back, Hans gave a wild howl and leaped into the air, giving a twist of his body and making a frantic effort to reach over his shoulder and catch hold of the perch. “Wow!” he whooped. “Vot id vos, aind id? Hellup. Vos I struck lightnin’s py? Ye-e-e-ow! Got dot out uf my pack off! Kvick! Shimminy Gristmas! I pet zwei tollars dot vos a snake grawlin’ your pack down! Take it avay!” He nearly turned himself wrongside out in his convulsive efforts. The fish slipped still farther down his back and finally got into the left leg of his trousers. “Ye-e-e-eh!” squealed the fat Dutch lad, dancing around the room on his right foot and kicking out with the other. “Dot snake peen comin’ down your drowsers legs! Got a club und kill me kvick! Don’d let me got avay!” The boys had seen Browning’s act, and they were convulsed with laughter at the antics of the frightened Dutch lad. “Keep still, Hans,” said Frank. “If it is a snake, you will make him bite you all the quicker by hopping around that way.” “You can’t kept still!” shouted Hans. “Dot snake is grawling der leg uf my drowsers town alretty! I vos so coldt efry dime I touch myseluf to him dot it gives you der shifers! Oh? Wow! Ye-ow!” Then Hans gave a great wiggle and kick, and out dropped the little fish onto the floor. The Dutch lad gasped in astonishment and stared at the fish. “Vos dot der snake?” he muttered, huskily, his face very pale, despite his exertions. “Vale, dot peen der vunniest snake you efer seen!” “It must be a water snake,” said Merriwell, laughing. “Vot you vant to knew is how dot veesh got down der pack uf my neck. I don’t seen some vings on heem.”
- 24. “He was trying to hide, so you wouldn’t cook him,” said Browning. “That’s all, Hans. Don’t blame the poor fish.” “Vale, he don’d blay dot me onto again. He near scat uf me der life out. Yaw!” Diamond took some of the finest perch outside, and, finding a board, carried them down to the water, where he cleaned them. In a short time they were frying in the pan, giving out a delicious odor.
- 26. CHAPTER XXII OFFICERS OF THE LAW. It was a jolly party that gathered about the breakfast table in that little cottage on Sandy Point. The fish were cooked brown and crisp, the coffee was delicious, and everything tasted good. They laughed and joked as they ate. Merriwell and Hodge had told all about their encounter with Bunker and Welch. “We must look out for those fellows,” said Diamond. “I don’t believe they will trouble us again,” declared Browning. “Welch would have no sense of gratitude if he did after Merriwell saved him from drowning.” “I don’t think he is a fellow who has any sense of gratitude,” came from Hodge; “and his face shows he is a hard drinker. I believe the man can lead him into anything.” “Oh! I don’t know about that,” said Frank. “He did not take any part in Bunker’s attempted attack on us after I got him out of the water. That shows——” “Nothing,” cut in Bart. “He was pretty well used up, and he did not have the nerve to take any part in that little affair. I think that fellow is thoroughly bad.” “Don’t be too hard on him, old man,” said Frank.
- 27. “Well, see if I am not right. You’re always trying to discover good qualities in everybody. You do not seem to believe any person can be thoroughly bad.” “That is right,” nodded Frank; “I do not believe anybody can be entirely bad. I am firmly convinced that even the worst ruffian has some redeeming qualities.” “That’s all right, but it makes me tired when you put so much confidence in rascals who are doing everything possible to injure you. Some time you will get done up for keeps by some ruffian you are trying to befriend.” “Perhaps so. I’ll chance it.” Breakfast over, Browning threw himself down on one of the beds and lighted a cigarette. “There,” he said, with a sigh of satisfaction, “now I could go to sleep again, and I wouldn’t need any rocking.” “Gif me a shiggerette, Pruce,” said Hans. “Id makes you vant to smoke ven I haf von.” “Confound your cigarettes!” cried Diamond. “I wish you wouldn’t smoke them! When a fellow had such a hard time to leave off as I did, it’s a big temptation to see others smoking and to smell them.” “You’re not obliged to see me,” grunted Bruce. “You can go outside. There’s nobody round to bother you out——” There was a sound of feet on the steps, and two men entered the cottage. They were large, determined-looking fellows, plainly dressed. They stopped just inside the door and looked the party over, without speaking a word. “How do you do, gentlemen,” said Merriwell. “This visit is something of a surprise. You’re a little late for breakfast.” The larger of the two men nodded shortly, then he turned to the other and said something in a low tone. Their actions aroused Bart’s
- 28. suspicions, and he took a step toward the corner, where two shotguns stood. “Is this the whole of your party?” asked the large man. “It is,” answered Frank. “What can we do for you?” The man did not answer at once, but he was heard to say to the other: “He ain’t here.” “Perhaps they’re lyin’,” muttered the other. “Look here,” came grimly from the big man; “we’re looking for a certain person, and we have been told he was camping out over this way with a lot of boys.” Frank flushed a bit and stepped forward promptly. “There is no person camping here besides the ones you see,” came rather sharply from his lips. More words passed between the two men, and then the larger one said aloud: “If you’re lyin’, you’ll get yourselves inter trouble. I am Ben Bowers, the sheriff from Newport. This is John Nason, one of my deputies. We are here looking after a certain chap who has been passing in this section under the name of Joe Tweed.” “We know nothing of Mr. Joe Tweed. We never heard of him, sir.” “That’s all right. You look as if you was honest, but, perhaps, you don’t know what this Tweed has done.” “We do not.” “Well, he’s robbed an old miser, over in North Newport, of thirty thousand dollars, and hit the old man a crack on the head that may kill him. Now, if you’ve seen Tweed, or know anything about him, the best thing you can do is to tell everything. You’ll git in a bad scrape if you don’t, that’s all.”
- 29. By this time Frank was thoroughly angry, but he held himself in check, seeming perfectly cool, although he spoke firmly. “We are not robbers, Mr. Sheriff, and we do not associate with robbers. Such an insinuation is decidedly unpleasant.” “Perhaps they’ve seen him,” said the deputy. Bart strode to Frank’s side and said, in a low tone: “Who knows—this chap who calls himself Bunker may be the fellow they are looking after.” Frank gave a start. Then he asked: “What does this Joe Tweed look like, Mr. Bowers? Will you describe him, please.” “He’s a large man, dresses pretty well, smooth-faced, looks like an actor. He is a very smooth talker. Has a small, blue scar under his left ear.” Bart was disappointed. “Bunker’s not the man,” he said, regretfully. “We have seen no such man as you describe,” declared Merriwell. “He has not been here.” “It’s strange,” declared the sheriff. “Proctor said he saw him around here yesterday afternoon. Proctor was coming over from Turner’s about the middle of the afternoon, and, as he was running past this point, he said he saw Tweed come out of the woods. When Tweed saw Proctor’s boat, he turned round and made into the bushes in a hurry. That looks as if he had some sort of hiding place round here.” “With the exception of Hans, we were all over to Camp Benson yesterday afternoon. Hans was here alone. Did you see anybody prowling around here yesterday, Hans?” “Shimminy Gristmas!” gurgled Hans, turning pale. “You pet I didn’d seen nopodys! Uf I knew nopodys vos browling around here, I
- 30. vould been so scat dot you vould had heart vailure! Und id vos a roppers? Py Chorch! you don’d got me to stayed here some more all alone myseluf by!” The Dutch lad’s fear and excitement was genuine, and it impressed the men more than anything Merriwell had said. “Well,” observed the sheriff, “if you know nothing about him, you will not be able to help us in any way. We thought it possible he had managed to get you to take him in with you some way, even if he was not one of your party originally. Keep your eyes open for him. There is a reward of five hundred dollars offered for his capture already. If you could help us nab him, it would be worth your while. That’s all. Sorry to have disturbed you. Must be going. Good- morning.” Then he turned and, followed by the deputy, left the cottage. Merriwell was interested now, and he followed the officers out, asking them several questions about Joe Tweed, the robber. He learned that Tweed had been hanging around Newport for some time, but had not been seen there for several days. He had made many acquaintances in the village at the foot of the lake, and had found out all about Peter Small, the miser. It was thought in Newport that Tweed had been assisted by some person who lived in that vicinity, for the manner in which he had entered Small’s house and found the old man’s hidden hoard of money, after half killing the miser, showed he was well informed. Frank, Bart and Jack accompanied the officers down to the shore, where a small sailboat lay. With the boat they had run over from Turner’s, and they said they were going on to Proctor’s, the wind being favorable. The boys saw them depart, and then returned to the cottage, discussing the events of the morning. They found Hans savagely at work cleaning the guns. He was sweating and hurrying as if his life depended on what he was doing. Browning was snoring on the bed.
- 31. “Here, here, what are you doing?” asked Frank. “Gitting retty to met dot roppers!” shouted the Dutch lad, fiercely ramming a swab stick down the barrel of a gun. “You shust let dot roppers come fooling arount here some more und seen how kvick he vill shoot me. Oh, I peen goin’ to gatch heem und got der fife hundret tollars!”
- 33. CHAPTER XXIII THE CANOE RACE. It was the week of the annual muster of the Grand Army at Camp Benson, on Lake Sebasticook. Every cottage was occupied and a large number of tents were pitched. Gray-headed veterans, heroes of the war, had gathered there from all over the State of Maine. Every day there were parades, a band concert, and a dance in the large hall that had been built for that purpose. The cottages and tents were decorated with bunting and flags. Yellow-eyed beans, baked in a “bean hole,” were on every bill of fare. Excursion trains stopped at the little platform station, bringing large numbers of visitors from Pittsfield, Newport, Corinna, Dexter and other towns. The lake steamer was making regular trips between the camp and Newport, and crowds came to the grounds in teams, on foot and on bicycles. Each day in the afternoon there was a ball game and other sports of a nature to interest all. The band played “The Star-Spangled Banner,” “Marching Through Georgia,” “Yankee Doodle,” and other patriotic airs. The old vets got together and fought over the battles of long ago. Hundreds of young people flocked to the ground and enjoyed the pleasures of the occasion. The country girls were red-cheeked and pretty, and the country lads were sturdy, manly-looking young fellows, such as make the best soldiers when in time of trouble the country calls her loyal sons to arms.
- 34. Not a few fashionable people visited Camp Benson and enjoyed themselves thoroughly. They were not all countrymen there. Merriwell and his friends had heard there was “fun” at Camp Benson, and that was one reason why they stopped at Lake Sebasticook. They had not been able to hire a cottage anywhere near the camp, and so they took the one on Sandy Point, although it was several miles away. Hearing there were to be canoe races at the camp, Frank looked about to obtain some canoes, and he was fortunate enough to secure four, although he was forced to pay an exorbitant price for the use of them that week. Three of them were single canoes, for racing purposes. The fourth was the birch in which Merry and Hodge had gone out fishing. On the following day Frank’s entire party was at Camp Benson, for this afternoon the canoe races were to take place. Merry, Hodge and Diamond had resolved to enter the races. First, however, there was a sailing race, and this they did not enter. They took pains to get into the following race. There were nine starters, of which our friends made three. Two were from Newport, one from Pittsfield, one from Corinna, one from Foxcroft and one from Greenville, on Moosehead Lake. It was generally believed that the Greenville man would win, although it was said that Jim Welch, of Newport, would give him a hot pull. The race was set to take place at three o’clock in the afternoon, but it was twenty minutes later when all the contestants lined up at the starting point. The shore of the lake was thronged with spectators, and the band was playing a lively air near the dance hall, the music floating over the water on the gentle breeze. In the lineup Merriwell and his friends had formed together. They were stripped to trousers, shirts and caps. Frank was laughing and joking, but Hodge and Diamond looked grim and determined.
- 35. The man from Greenville was a long-haired, weather-tanned chap, with a hard, knotty arm and broad shoulders. Certainly he did look like a formidable antagonist. Some of the contestants were inclined to guy Merry and his friends. They cautioned them not to capsize, asked them if they could swim, told them they might do better to get out and push their canoes, and tried to have sport with them generally. Diamond did not relish this sort of chaffing, and the hot flush on his cheeks showed he was irritated. Hodge held his anger down, while Frank seemed to regard it as part of the fun. “One of us must win this race!” grated the Virginian, sullenly. “They take us for a lot of flubs. I paddled a canoe almost as soon as I learned to walk.” “Keep cool,” cautioned Merry. “It won’t do any good to get angry, and it may cause you to lose the race.” “How can a fellow keep cool, when these chumps are blowing their wind at him! I feel like punching a few of them!” “Never mind. If you win, it will make them feel cheap enough.” “Welch is in the line,” said Hodge, in a low tone. “I see him.” “Wonder if he is any good?” “Somebody said he’d be the one to give the Greenville chap a hard pull.” “Then look out for him, Merriwell.” “How?” “You are bound to be in the van at the finish. He may try some kind of a trick.” “Oh! I guess not. He won’t have a chance.” “Fellows like him make chances.”
- 36. “You are expecting too much from him. I think he’ll keep his place. He recovered pretty quick from his ducking this morning.” “Get ready!” exclaimed Diamond, poising his paddle; “the starter is going to give the signal.” There was some further delay about getting all the canoes in line, and then the starter stood up in his boat and lifted his pistol in the air. “Ready!” he cried. The paddles were poised. Crack! When the pistol spoke, they were off in a bunch. Almost immediately, however, Jack Diamond began to forge ahead, fairly sending his canoe flying over the surface of the lake. He handled his paddle with strength and skill, and he proved a surprise at the very start. There was a cheer from shore and the fluttering of handkerchiefs and waving of hats. The band played its liveliest air. Merriwell paddled steadily and easily from the start, keeping well up with the body of the contestants, but not making any great effort to gain thus early in the race. Hodge worked steadily, but was not particularly graceful in his movements. He was a stout, sturdy fellow, but no one had picked him out as a possible winner. The Greenville man paddled in a style that was the poetry of motion, and sent his canoe darting along without any apparent trouble. There seemed every reason why he should be regarded as an almost certain victor. Welch showed his skill, and he did not let the man from Greenville gain an inch on him. Early in the race he regarded that man as his only dangerous rival; but there was to come a time before long when he would see there were others in the race.
- 37. Frank saw, at the very outset, that Diamond had allowed his anger to get the better of his judgment, and he felt that the Virginian could not hold out as he had started. When half of the course had been covered three of the contestants were falling behind. Diamond still held the lead, but now Welch began to press him, with the Greenville man hot after Welch. Merriwell was fourth, although but slightly in advance of Hodge. Suddenly Frank was surprised to discover that Bart was at his side —was passing him. Hodge was putting in his best work at that point, and the way he forged ahead brought faint cheers from the shore. He overtook the Greenville man, passed him, and then he and Welch raced for the lead. Diamond began to fail. He had started out too hard, and the strain was beginning to tell on him. He held the lead as long as possible, but Welch and Hodge finally passed him. Then he dropped behind the man from Greenville. Jack found Merriwell at his side. “Get into it, Frank!” he panted. “I’m out! Can’t keep it up! Push them, Merry!” “It’s time,” were the only words that came from Frank. Steadily and surely he crept up on those in advance. He passed the man from the Lake region, and then the only ones ahead of him were Hodge and Welch. The end of the race was near, and Welch was leading Bart by nearly half a length. It looked as if he was a sure winner. But now Merriwell came up with amazing speed. Soon he was pressing those in advance, and still he continued to gain, although both Welch and Hodge seemed straining every nerve. For one moment Welch glanced over his shoulder. He saw Merriwell coming, with the Greenville man working like a Trojan to hold close to him.
- 38. At that moment Jim Welch began to realize that Merriwell stood a good chance of winning. Welch knew that he was doing his level best, and yet Frank was gaining. Anger flamed in the fellow’s heart. “He shan’t win!” he grated. He made a final spurt that carried him ahead of Hodge, but still Merriwell came on. Welch saw that Frank must pass him just before the end of the course was reached. A determination seized upon him. He would foul Merriwell. Hodge was behind and would be stopped by them. That would give the race to the man from Greenville. Having decided on this treacherous course, Welch was not long in putting the plan into operation. Frank was passing when, with a sharp swoop of the paddle, Welch whirled his canoe to cut Merriwell off. But Bart Hodge was watching for that trick, and he had reserved a certain amount of strength for the critical moment. Now he seemed to cause his canoe to leap forward, and its sharp prow struck the side of the one Welch occupied, smashing it like an eggshell. A second later Jim Welch was in the water, and Merriwell sped on to victory, a sure winner at the last moment!
- 40. CHAPTER XXIV AFTER THE RACE. There was a faint cheer from the shore. Merriwell had won the race, and the man from Greenville was second. Welch had received a merited ducking, but was rescued from the water without much trouble. Welch was furious. Over and over he declared he would have won the race had not Hodge fouled him, but the judges decided it was his own fault, as he was seen to deliberately get in Bart’s way. This silenced him, but he looked sullen and revengeful, and continued to mutter to himself. The canoe occupied by Hodge had not been injured by the collision, and Bart slowly paddled toward shore at Merriwell’s side when the race was over. “Well, what do you think about it now?” he asked. “I think I had the pull of my life to win,” admitted Frank. “I came near waiting too long before getting down to business.” “Oh! I felt that one of us stood a good show to win,” said Bart; “but that was not what I meant.” “Eh? Then what did you mean?” “What do you think about Mr. Jim Welch?” “I think he tried to foul me.”
- 41. “Sure.” “And you prevented it, although I don’t know how you did it, for you were on the other side of him a few moments before. I was paying attention strictly to business, and supposed I was passing with Welch between us. How did you get in there?” “I will tell you,” said Hodge, in a low tone. “I saw you were coming up at wonderful speed, for I took the chance of looking round. I realized that you would be a winner if not interfered with, and that you were going to pass on the other side of Welch. The moment I realized that, into my mind flashed the conviction that he would try to keep you from winning. The man from Greenville was hanging close to you, and there was a chance that he would beat all of us, unless you had a free course to the finish. I felt that I had a slim show of winning, so I permitted my canoe to drop back till I could cross behind Welch just when you were forging alongside of him. I reserved a certain amount of strength for a great spurt, and I needed it the moment I got into position. When I saw him try to foul you, I used every ounce of energy and drove my canoe into his. That’s all.” “Well, you did a good job, old man; but I don’t know what the judges will say about it.” “I don’t care what they say about it. What I want to know is what you say about Mr. Jim Welch now. Yesterday he tried to hammer you, to-day he tried to shoot you, and now, although you saved him from drowning this morning, he did his best to knock you out of this race. Is he thoroughly bad or not?” “He is a rascal, that I will admit, but I do not believe him thoroughly bad, Bart.” “Well, you are hard to convince!” cried Hodge, in disgust. “I think you are stubborn—you will not give up when you know you are wrong.” “You do not think that, Hodge,” said Merry, reproachfully; “you must know better.”
- 42. Not another word would Bart say about it. He paddled along in sulky silence, not even giving heed when Frank thanked him for his act in preventing Welch from fouling. From their boat the judges announced that Frank Merriwell was the winner. When Welch protested, they told him he deliberately turned his canoe in front of Hodge. The fellow could have claimed that Bart was off his course, but he was cautioned to let it drop, being told that it would be better to do that, as his attempt at crooked play would be shown up if he made a fuss about it. So the report went out that the collision came about because Welch got in Hodge’s course; but those who saw everything plainly knew this was not the real cause. For two days Frank Merriwell had kept his identity secret as far as possible, being led to do so because of his experiences in Camden, Rockland and Belfast. Now, however, everybody was asking the name of the winner, and it passed from one to another that it was the great Yale athlete, Frank Merriwell. Two baseball teams had watched the race from the shore. They were the Newports and the M. C. I.’s, of Pittsfield, and the most of them had heard of Merriwell. When they knew he was there at Camp Benson they were eager to get a close look at him. Hundreds of others experienced the same eagerness, and thus it came about that there was a rush of people toward that point of shore that Frank approached. Some one proposed a cheer for Frank Merriwell, and it was given with a hearty will. Then a man cried: “Why, he’s one of them Sandy Point dudes that everybody said wouldn’t cut no ice in the race.” “Mebbe he didn’t cut no ice,” cried another, “but he cut water enough to win first purse.” This caused a laugh.
- 43. There were scores of pretty girls in the throng, and they regarded the handsome victor admiringly. Merriwell could have flirted with almost any of them had he chosen, although he would have needed a proper introduction to not a few before they would have recognized him. At Camp Benson, however, there seemed to be an unusual freedom, and it was not difficult to get acquainted with almost anyone. Young ladies who would not have thought of such impropriety elsewhere often ventured to flirt mildly with strangers. Bruce Browning was lounging in the shade beneath a tree, with Dunnerwust at his side, awaiting Frank. “Well, Merry,” he called, “you did the trick, but I had begun to think you were not in it.” “Yaw,” nodded Hans, “you hat pegun to think I vos nod in id, but ven you got der sdart der odder veller on I seen how der peesness peen goin’ to end. You vos a lulu, Vrankie!” Hans’ dialect caused those in his vicinity to smile or laugh outright. Frank came ashore, and immediately he was surrounded by the ball players. “Mr. Merriwell,” said the captain of the Newport team, “we would like to have you umpire the game for us this afternoon. It begins right away.” “It will be a great favor, Mr. Merriwell,” declared the captain of the M. C. I.’s, with more politeness. “I assure you we shall regard it as a great favor.” “The position is not a pleasant one,” said Frank. “I’d much rather look on and see the game.” “We will pay you if you——” began the Newport captain. Frank stopped him. “You cannot hire me for money to umpire,” he said, promptly. “If I did so——”
- 44. “Will you?” cried several. “Go ahead, Merry,” said Hodge. “Well,” laughed Frank, “I’ll do it.” One minute later criers were running over the ground announcing that the ball game that afternoon would be umpired by the great Yale pitcher, Frank Merriwell. Frank was given time to change his clothes, and then, still accompanied by Hodge, he went onto the ball ground. The ground was not fenced, and it was completely surrounded by a throng of spectators. The M. C. I.’s were practicing. As Frank appeared, somebody shouted: “Here comes Merriwell!” There was a great clapping of hands. Frank was dressed in a spotless white flannel suit, and he made a handsome appearance. The captains of the two teams approached him, and he asked them about ground rules. They gave him the desired information, and then he was provided with a fresh Spaulding in an unbroken box. The Newports had practiced already, and the time for the game to begin was past, so Merriwell stepped out behind the plate and called: “Play ball!”
- 46. CHAPTER XXV NEWPORT WINS. It had been decided that the M. C. I.’s should take the field, so they remained in their positions, and the game began with a sharp two-bagger from Newport’s first batter. To the astonishment of everybody, although he had been behind the plate when the ball was hit, Frank was down to second base ahead of the runner, standing in just the proper position to see the play perfectly, and he pronounced the man safe on a close play, a decision that might have been disputed had he remained near the plate. In fact, the second baseman opened his mouth to dispute the ruling, but closed up immediately on seeing that Frank was not more than ten feet away. Then followed an exhibition of umpiring such as no one present had ever witnessed before. Frank was all over the diamond, and he always seemed on exactly the best spot to see any play to advantage. How he covered so much ground was a mystery, but he did it without seeming to exert himself remarkably, and he kept the game hustling from the very start. Newport scored twice in their half of the first inning, and were prevented from making a third tally by a beautiful throw from deep left to the plate. Then Newport went into the field. They filled the box with Burton, of Corinna, a Colby man, and a puzzling “south-paw” pitcher. Burton’s greatest fault was his slow delivery, but, being in good
- 47. form, he more than made up for it by his tricks in “working the batter.” Newport had not beaten the Institute team in two years, and the M. C. I.’s fancied they had a snap. They had been against Burton before, and hit him pretty hard, and they believed they could do it again. But Burton, who was a determined chap, with a bulldog disposition to never give up, was there to redeem himself that day. He proceeded to strike out the first two men with great ease, and then he caused the third man to pop up a light fly that he gathered himself without getting out of his tracks. The Institute boys laughed at this. “We’ll fall on him and hammer him out of the box the next inning,” they said. But they did not, for neither side scored in the following inning. There were, however, three close plays, one at second, one at third, and one at the home plate. Frank Merriwell was on hand to witness every play from the most advantageous point and his decisions could not be disputed with reason. Both players and spectators began to see that the umpiring was making it a remarkably lively and interesting game at the very start off. In the fourth inning the M. C. I. team tied the score, and in the fifth it took a lead of three. Newport had not been able to score thus far after the first, and the Institute lads declared it was “all over but the shouting.” That did not disturb Burton, who continued to work in the same cool, deliberate manner. In the seventh inning Newport got a tally, but M. C. I. made two more, giving them a lead of four. In the eighth Newport cut it down by two in their half, and then Burton “pitched for his life.” In vain the Institute lads tried to get a safe hit off him. One man fanned and the others were “killed at
- 48. first.” As both of these decisions were close, a M. C. I. player started a vigorous kick on the last one, but Frank, who had made every ruling promptly and firmly, quickly closed the kicker up. Then came the “fatal ninth.” Newport needed two to tie and three to win. If they made three and white-washed their opponents the game was theirs. They started in by getting two men out in a hurry, and the boys from Pittsfield were laughing over the “snap.” Then a weak hit landed a runner on first. The next man was not a heavy hitter, and so, instead of trying to stop the runner, the pitcher attempted to end it by striking the batter out. That gave the man on first a chance to steal second without danger, and he did so. Then the batter rapped out a light one that was fumbled, and crossed first ahead of the ball. Burton came to the plate. He had been hitting poorly, but now there was a look of grim determination on his dark face. “Get old ‘south-paw,’ Winnie,” called one of the players to the pitcher. The twirler grinned and nodded. He was confident, for he had been fooling Burton all day on a slow drop. To start off, he sent a straight whistler over the plate so near to the batter that Burton was forced to jump back. Then the pitcher fancied he had his man unnerved. The spectators were shouting and cheering, trying to rattle both pitcher and batter. The second ball was a slow drop. Burton waited for it, got under it, hit it, lifted it into the air with awful force. Away it flew over the ground and down among the cottages, and, when last seen, it was bounding merrily among the trees, making for the lake, which showed blue in the distance. Round the bases sped the runners, and three scores came in before the ball was overtaken and returned. It was a “homer” for Burton, and he had placed Newport one score in the lead.
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