Validity in science by Garima Tandon
- 1. SCIENCE CURRICULUM VALIDITY- 1. COGNITIVE VALIDITY- Cognitive Validity of Science curriculum should convey appropriate facts and concepts, it should be age appropriate so that children can understand them. While teaching the correct way of measuring volume a teacher must tell the concept of volume. The concept of volume, separation of substances should be taught in Class 6th using hands-on activities. 2. CONTENT VALIDITY- The terms used in particular topic, content should be relevant to topic and it should be understandable. Constructs should not be complicated. Ex. Height should be measured in centimeters not in kilograms. Weight should be measured in Kilograms not centimeters. 3. PROCESS VALIDITY- Curriculum should be such that helps the teachers tell the topic in a systematic manner and learners should be able to understand the process and methods involved. Teaching and learning process should help to complete task, its a way of doing work, planning activity , establishing systematic steps to gather and share information, thinking ability, measuring, solving a problem. It helps a child to develop potentialities to the maximum. 4. HISTORICAL VALIDITY- Development of any concept, its acceptance over time should be told to students so that they could understand the difference between what is understood and what is correct , how it evolved and its various dimensions by different scientists. Science is tentative in nature. Something theorized earlier can be changed later by others according to the needs of society. Ex. Concept of Evolution of the Universe should be told from the beginning, historical background etc. 5. ENVIRONMENTAL VALIDITY- In a lab setting distractors are often controlled so that students can concentrate on the task. Lighting, noise levels, equipment malfunctions and other distractors are minimized. Clear instructions should be given to students. 6. ETHICAL VALIDITY- Students should be told the norms, values of performing any experiment. How improper readings or manipulation can affect their result. They should be honest towards readings, handling instruments, chemicals, or any observation. Experiments should yield fruitful results for the good of society.