Variables
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This document defines variables and their types in scientific experiments. An independent variable is the condition intentionally changed by the investigator. A dependent variable is what is measured and can change as a result of the independent variable. Controlled variables are kept the same in an experiment. Examples are provided of identifying the independent, dependent, and controlled variables for experiments on how temperature affects ball bounce height, how light color affects plant growth rate, and how parachute size affects time for a hippo to fall 10 feet.
Variables
- 1. What is a Variable?
- 2. DEFINITION Variable – Any factor that can change in a scientific investigation or experiment
- 3. Types of Variables Independent Variable The condition that is intentionally changed by the investigator in an experiment There can be only one independent variable in an experiment
- 4. Dependent Variable The factors or conditions that will change as a result of the independent variable The factors that you measure or observe as data There can be one or more dependent variables in an experiment Types of Variables
- 5. Controlled Variables The factors or conditions that are kept the same (unchanged) in an experiment. There are many controlled variables in an experiment Types of Variables
- 6. Identify variables for the following experiments. You can do it! Practice
- 7. • Does changing the temperature of a ball affect the height the ball will bounce? Testable Question #1 HotCold
- 8. Manipulated Variable Responding Variable Identify Variables #1 Cold Hot • Does changing the temperature of a ball affect the height the ball will bounce?
- 9. • Controlled Variables: * Same ball * Dropped from the same height * Dropped onto the same surface * etc… Identify Variables #1
- 10. • Does changing the color of light affect the growth rate of plants? Testable Question #2
- 11. Manipulated Variable Responding Variable Identify Variables #2 • Does changing the color of light affect the growth rate of plants?
- 12. • Controlled Variables: * Same type / size of plant * Same wattage of bulb * Same amount of water * Same soil * Light on for the same amount of time * etc… Identify Variables #2
- 13. • How does the size of a parachute affect the time it takes a hippo to fall 10 feet? Testable Question #3
- 14. Manipulated Variable Responding Variable Identify Variables #3 • How does the size of a parachute affect the time it takes a hippo to fall 10 feet?
- 15. • Controlled Variables: * Same hippo * Dropped from the same height * Same parachute fabric * Same length of strings on the parachute * etc… Identify Variables #3