VLSI Technology

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VLSI
Technology
Md. Hasib Hossen
ID: 1403EEE00044
Dept. of EEE,
Manarat International University

Overview
What is IC?
Who Invented the IC ?
Types of IC
Advantages of IC
Microprocessors from Intel
Moore’s Law
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What is IC?
An Integrated Circuit (IC), sometimes called a chip or
microchip is a semiconductor wafer on which thousands
or millions of tiny resistors, capacitors, and transistors are
fabricated. An IC can function as an amplifier, oscillator,
timer, counter, computer memory, or microprocessor. A
particular IC is categorized as either linear (analog) or
digital, depending on its intended application.
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Who Invented the IC ?
 The IC was independently developed by Jack Kilby of
Texas Instruments, USA and Robert Noyce (also founder
of Intel) of Fairchild Semiconductor, USA.
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Types of IC
Based on application
 Analog IC
 Digital IC
 Mixed Signal IC
Based on number of components
 SSI – Small-Scale Integration (0-102)---1960
 MSI – Medium-Scale Integration (102-103)---1967
 LSI – Large-Scale Integration (103-105)---1972
 VLSI – Very Large-Scale Integration (105-107)---1978
 ULSI – Ultra Large-Scale Integration (>=107)---1989
 GSI _ Giant Scale Integration (>=109)---2000
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Advantages of IC
Low cost.
Low power consumption.
Occupies less space.
Faster operation due to reduction of stray capacitance
and inductance.
Mass scale production is possible.
Easy to put into various applications without knowing the
underlying complexity.
Billions of transistor can be fabricated on a single chip
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4004
First microprocessor (1971)
 For Busicom calculator
Characteristics
 10 µm process
 2300 transistors
 400 – 800 kHz
 4-bit word size
 16-pin DIP package
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8008
Characteristics
10 µm process
3500 transistors
500 – 800 kHz
8-bit word size
18-pin DIP package
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8080
 16-bit address bus (1974)
Used in Altair computer
Characteristics
6 µm process
4500 transistors
2 MHz
8-bit word size
40-pin DIP package
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80286
Characteristics
1.5 µm process
134k transistors
6-12 MHz
16-bit word size
68-pin PGA
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80386
 32-bit processor (1985)
Modern x86 ISA
Characteristics
1.5-1 µm process
275k transistors
16-33 MHz
32-bit word size
100-pin PGA
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80486
 Pipelining (1989)
 Floating point unit
 8 KB cache
Characteristics
 1-0.6 µm process
 1.2M transistors
 25-100 MHz
 32-bit word size
 168-pin PGA
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Pentium
Characteristics
2 instructions per cycle
0.8-0.35 µm process
3.2M transistors
60-300 MHz
32-bit word size
296-pin PGA
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Pentium Pro/II/III
Dynamic execution(1995-1999)
 3 micro-ops / cycle
 Multimedia instructions
 PIII adds 256+ KB L2$
Characteristics
 0.6-0.18 µm process
 5.5M-28M transistors
 166-1000 MHz
 32-bit word size
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Pentium 4
Characteristics
Very fast clock
256-1024 KB L2 cache
180 – 90 nm process
42-125M transistors
1.4-3.4 GHz
32-bit word size
478-pin PGA
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Intel Core
Characteristics
 65 nm process
 Over 400 million transistors.
 Max. 2MB L2 cache
 SSE3 instruction set
 LGA socket
 Multiple cores
 64-bit
Additional feature in Core 2
 Intel VT-x
 Hardware Security extensions
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i-series
Came to market at beginning of 2010
New line of processors
 i3 (Low end)
 i5 (Mid range)
 i7 (High end)
Integrated Graphics support
VT-x on all processors
VT-d on specific processors
Turbo Boost on K-type processors
Extensive support to newer technologies like USB 3.0,WiDi
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Moore’s Law
Transistor counts have doubled every 26 months for the
past three decades.
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References
1.http://www.intel.com
2.http://ark.intel.com
3.http://www.mediatek.com
4.http://www.qualcomm.co.in
5.http://www.Wikipedia.or
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