VSEPR Notes
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The document explains VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, which states that the repulsion between electron pairs in a molecule determines its 3D geometry. It provides a step-by-step guide to predicting molecular shapes using Lewis structures and hybridization concepts, particularly focusing on lone pairs as a special case. Additionally, it includes examples and outlines the relationship between hybridization types and molecular geometry.
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VSEPR Notes
- 1. VSEPR
- 2. What is “vesper”? V alence S hell E lectron P air R epulsion theory According to VSEPR theory, the repulsion between electron pairs causes molecular shapes to adjust so that the valence-electron pairs stay as far apart as possible. Able to use Lewis Structures to predict 3D geometry of molecule
- 3. Outline Hybridization 3D Geometry Balloons and a Table to Fill Out
- 4. Hybridization Step 1: Draw the Lewis Structure Step 2: Count the number of “things” stuck to the central atom. A “thing” can be another atom. A “thing” can be up to a lone-pair of electrons. A “thing” can NOT be a bond. Example: Thing 1 Thing 2 Thing 3 Thing 4
- 5. Hybridization Continued Step 3: Use flow chart to match “thing” number with hybridization.
- 6. Hybridization -> Geometry Note that the hybridization for CH 4 is sp 3 S = 1 thing; p 3 = 3 more things; total = 4 things
- 7. Special Geometries The chart that we filled out was for regular geometries. Special geometries = lone pairs Lone pairs take up more space than the standard “thing” balloon. They squish atoms closer together. Example on next slide.
- 8. Special Case Example H 2 O Thing 1 Thing 2 Thing 3 Thing 4 4 things = sp 3 hybridization Should look like: But actually looks like: Angle = < 109.5 degrees
- 9. Base Shapes