Waste to wealth and resource utilisation
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1) The document discusses waste management in Nigeria and opportunities to generate wealth from waste. It notes that waste is increasing due to population growth, urbanization, and economic development. 2) Solid waste management practices and challenges in Nigeria are described, including a lack of sewage treatment and mixing of human waste with solid waste. Integrated solid waste management and various processing techniques like composting and recycling are recommended. 3) Success stories of cleaner production technologies in Nigeria are provided, like organo-mineral fertilizer plants and plastic recycling facilities. Recommendations include learning from other countries' recycling rates and implementing sustainable waste management practices.
Waste to wealth and resource utilisation
- 1. NIGERIA ALTERNATIVE ENERGY EXPO (NAEE) 2018 PAPER TITLE: WASTE TO WEALTH AND RESOURCE UTILISATION BY MR. ERNEST KEMAKOLAM PROGRAMME DIRECTOR, AFRICAN INITIATIVE FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT EMPOWERMENT (AIWME) AT SHEHU MUSA YAR’ADUA CENTRE, ABUJA, OCTOBER 24, 2018. www.aiwme.org
- 2. Introduction Waste is defined as any material resulting from domestic activity or industrial operation for which there is no economic demand and which must be disposed of. Note: In Russia, it is said that there is no precise word for waste but the usage is for “a material waiting to be reused” www.aiwme.org
- 4. Collection Storage Transportation Disposal Excreta Sewage Sullage Urne Biodegradables Domestic, Market, Livestock, Crop Residues Mar Industrial Non- hazardous waste Toxic Hazardous and Chemicals Waste Healthcare Automical Sharps Pathologics Non- biodegradable Plastic/Nylon Glass/Mreal Scrap/Arts Constructive waste WASTES Vectors Rodents Zoonotic Contamination of water, soil, air, food crops Indirect Health ImpactsDirect Health Impacts Upper Respiratory Tract. Infections, Vector borne and zoonotic infections. Communicable diseases – injuries, diarrhea, worm, infestation. Fig. 1: Wastes in the urban ecosystem www.aiwme.org
- 5. Reduce/Reuse/Recycle Segregation Color coding pretreatment composting. Agriculture Incineration Sanitary Landfill Anaerobic Digestion/Biogas www.aiwme.org
- 6. Fig. 2: Towards a sustainable integrated waste management Rain Water harvesting Ground water recharge Sewerage system for major cities refuse Urine s eparation & reuse Faeces: VIP toilets pour flush septic tank Faecal sludge reuse Composing Urban waste Reuse Recycling Agriculture, Livestock, Agriculture, Biogas, Mushroom culture Income generation Drainage Root zone technology Legislation Monitoring Rewards Penalties NGOs Stakeholders Gender involvement Family Community Government www.aiwme.org
- 7. The Waste Hierarchy Waste hierarchy is a tool used in the evaluation of processes that protect the environment alongside resource and energy consumption from most favourable to least favourable actions. The hierarchy establishes preferred program priorities based on sustainability www.aiwme.org
- 9. Why is the volume of waste generated in Africa increasing? • A fast growing population • Rapid economic development and urbanization • Rising levels of disposable income www.aiwme.org
- 10. Waste Management Practices and Challenges in Nigeria • In Nigeria, liquid wastes are managed in an indiscriminate manner. • There are no sewage treatment plants. • Sullage gets into drains and flows into rivers and streams. • Human excreta are managed separately through ventilated improved toilets, pit toilets or septic tanks. • In some areas like markets and other public places, excreta are mixed up with solid waste, thus creating nuisance in the recycling facilities. www.aiwme.org
- 11. Solid Waste Management Solid waste management is the discipline associated with the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing, and disposal of solid wastes in a manner that is in accord with the best principle of public health, economics, engineering, conservation, aesthetics, and other environmental considerations . It is also responsive to public attitudes www.aiwme.org
- 12. Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) The selection and application of suitable techniques, technologies, and management programmes to achieve specific waste management objectives and goals. www.aiwme.org
- 14. 1. Inorganic Waste processing Waste that cannot decay and be reused by nature is considered inorganic. This includes plastics, rubber, glass, metal and textiles. www.aiwme.org
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- 17. Note: ‘‘Agriprotein, a South Africa-based company, produces maggots from organic waste which it processes into animal feed and nutrient-rich compost for organic agriculture.” – From Maggots to Millions - Pete Kelly, the Managing Director of Virgin Media Business www.aiwme.org
- 18. Success Stories of Cleaner Production Technologies in Nigeria A 10-ton per day capacity “Pace Setter Organo-mineral Fertilizer Plant” was designed and built for Bodija market in Ibadan (1998), Nigeria which was the first prototype demonstration project in the country. A 5-ton per day capacity food residual conversion to compost (2002) was developed for a flow station at Shell Petroleum Development Company, Forcados, Delta Sate; www.aiwme.org
- 19. A 10- ton per day capacity “Pace Setter Integrated Waste Management Complex” was designed and built (2005) for Oyo State Government at Orita-Aperin, Ibadan where an organo-mineral fertilizer plant, a plastic recycling plant and a scrap metal recycling plant were designed and built for management of Solid waste generated in Ibadan. A 10-ton per day capacity organo-mineral fertilizer plant (2 Nos), 2-tons per day plastic/nylon recycling plant and a 1-ton per batch metal scrap recycling plant were built for the Ondo State Government at Akure, 2006. A 5 Ton/day organic fertilizer plant and 2 Tons/day plastic chops or flakes plant was established in Aleshinloye market which is a more recent one and is a model as the Traders Association owns and manages it. www.aiwme.org
- 20. Way Forward/Recommendations Stakeholders in the oil and gas industry to commit themselves towards putting in place the supply-framework, infrastructure and market systems necessary for un-flared gas to reach its end users. Learn from others: The United States’ Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reported that the country generated about 250 million tonnes of solid waste in 2010 and recycled about 85 million tonnes of these materials. This, according to EPA, saved the US about 1.3 quadrillion Btu of energy, equivalent to 229 million barrels of oil. Coming home, Nigeria generates over 65 million tonnes of waste annually and so if the US feat is replicated here and 34 per cent of those wastes is recycled, the country would be recycling about 22 million tonnes of wastes annually. This would save the country about 59 million barrels of oil. www.aiwme.org
- 21. Sustainable ISWM which includes all sectors of the environment that have stake in environmental management (Fig. 2) should be practiced. In the ISWM hierarchy, source reduction, reuse, recycling, waste combustion, and landfill are followed in that sequence. Cultural Change: In USA, the term ‘Waste Combustion’ is being replaced by ‘Waste Transformation’. In Russia, it is ‘zero waste’ Support waste pickers by registering them (regulation), providing health care services and personal protective equipment. Review the Nigeria Environmental laws www.aiwme.org
- 22. Food for thought! Waste is everywhere; it only requires a bit of creativity and hard work to create wealth out of it! www.aiwme.org
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