water level indicator report
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This document summarizes a student project that designed a water level indicator circuit using digital logic gates. The circuit uses magnetic sensors to detect water levels in three tanks: a water source tank, underground tank, and overhead tank. NAND gates and a 555 timer IC are used to control two motors that transfer water between the tanks. When the source tank is full, motor 1 runs to fill the underground tank until its upper level is reached. Then motor 2 runs to fill the overhead tank until its upper level, preventing water wastage through an on/off latching process. The total cost of components for the project was 605 Pakistani rupees.
water level indicator report
- 1. “Water Level Indicator using digital logics” Submitted by <Raza Jahangir (7655), Zakir Ahmed (7576), Taha Ahmed (7624).>, Class ID <61912> of the Digital Logic Fundamental course for Fall 2015. ABSTRACT Water is basic need of every one’s life. Its is important to Save water and use it according to our need. The aim of our project is to make such logic combination to save water without holding any responsibility of it . I.INTRODUCTION A water level indicator that detects the water level . A water indicator is an electronic device circuit that is designed to detect the presence of water and stop the motor when it reaches to the highest level and save the water. With the help of this project we can reduce the rate of water wastage. It can also be use in industries to prevent wastage of fluid or to supply the fluid as needed with this simple logic circuit. II.THEORETICAL TREATMENT As we know that the techniques of IC's such as AND gate, which is a basic digital logic gate that implements logical function - it behaves according to the truth table to the right. A HIGH output (1) results only if both the inputs to the AND gate are HIGH (1). If neither or only one input to the AND gate is HIGH, a LOW output results. And also OR gate, which is a digital logic gate that implements logical function - it behaves according to the truth table to the right. A HIGH output (1) results if one or both the inputs to the gate are HIGH (1). If neither input is high, a LOW output (0) results, and also we use NOT gate, which is an inverter is a logic gate which implements logical negation means convert HIGH to LOW & vise versa. Truth Table of following gates which we discuss above shown below: But we know that NAND gate is a universal gate so we use NAND gate instead of all above gate. Here is the combination of NAND gate IC to made (OR), (AND) and (NOT).
- 2. III.CONSTRUCTION We take three bottles and namely them according to project. Water Source ( Bottle A), Under Ground Tank (Bottle B) show the lower level, the mid level & the upper level & Over Head Tank (Bottle C) Shows only lower level and Upper level , then Insert a pipe in each bottle with Magnet as needed according to its level condition and magnetic read switch at outer of all seprate level of bottles. So when the water level up the small pipes flows on water and they come close to Magnetic read Switch its generate HIGH Signal. The construction of this circuit is based on logics bottle A carry 1 input which is further link with bottle B carry 3 inputs but the combination of motor 1 is the bottle A 1 input and 2 level of bottle B (lower and upper level). When the water is presence in the source tank so it supply water to the underground tank when water reach to the upper level its stop. But if little bit water is less so its again supply infact the on/off process will burn/dimaged the motor so here is the special logic using NAND to hold property of water until it reach the lower level… The combination named as latch with NAND gate.. The combination of motor 2 is between bottle B and C. Bottle B having 3 inputs but we need only one for second motor and 2 input from third bottle its also work with NAND gate latch to also hold the level of water upper tank (Bottle C). Here is the NAND latch shown below. The complete circuit of our project shown below:
- 3. Complete Circuit Diagram IV.TEST RESULTS When the Water Source is full with water and the Under Ground Tank is is in its lower level the HIGH Signal generates with the help of Magnetic Grid Switch the motor 1 runs and when the water level up to the next level the motor 1 stops and check the condition that the Upper Head Tank is in Lower lever or not, if yes then the motor 2 runs and also stop when Upper Level fulls, Timer Ic (555) also use and latching use to maintain a discipline in transfering water other tank and to prevent wastage of water. Calculation of 555 timer is: T=0.7x(R1=2R2)xC1 Mark time (output high): Tm=0.7x(R1+R2)xC1 = 5 sec Space time (output low): Ts=0.7xR2xC1 = 60 sec Total time= 65 sec We take these values to maintain above calculation: R1= 110k ohm R2= 14k ohm C1= 470uF
- 4. V.COMPONENTS & ECONOMICS The list of components and its economical situtaion is in following chart: PART UNIT PRICE (PKR) NOS TOTAL PRICE NAND IC 15 5 75 555 TIMER 10 1 10 MOTORS 50 2 100 VERO BOARD 60 1 60 MAGNETIC READ SWITCH 25 6 150 BATTERY 30 1 30 PIPE 30 30 30 TANK 50 3 150 GRAND TOTAL 605 VI.REFERENCES We take help from our teachers and use Wikipedia for find configuration about IC's and also use techniques which was in our book "Digital Logic Fundamental".