Ways of Determining the Moisture of Soil
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The document outlines the laboratory determination of moisture content in soil, rock, and similar materials using two primary methods: the oven dry method and the speedy moisture method. It discusses the significance, standards, procedure, and calculations involved in the oven dry method, while also comparing it with the speedy moisture test. The importance of accurate moisture measurement for understanding soil behavior is emphasized, along with guidelines for specimen selection and necessary apparatus.
![ OBJECTIVE
Laboratory determination of the moisture content
by mass of soil, rock, and similar materials.
Moisture content:
The ratio of the Weight of Water(Ww) to Weight of
Solids(Ws) expressed as percentage [%].](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/soilmechanics-ipresentationgroup1-practical1a1b-151123131142-lva1-app6892/85/Ways-of-Determining-the-Moisture-of-Soil-5-320.jpg)
![ CALCULATIONS
w =[(Mcws –Mcs)/(Mcs –Mc )] x 100= (Mw/Ms )x 100
where:
w = water content %
Mcws = mass of container and moist specimen (g)
Mcs = mass of container and oven dry specimen (g)
Mc = mass of container (g)
Mw = mass of water (Mw = Mcws − Mcds) ( g)
Ms = mass of solid particles (Ms = Mcds − Mc) (g)
SOIL MECHANICS-I GROUP EXCELL CALCULATIONS-
PRACTICAL 1A & 1B.xlsx](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/soilmechanics-ipresentationgroup1-practical1a1b-151123131142-lva1-app6892/85/Ways-of-Determining-the-Moisture-of-Soil-19-320.jpg)
Ways of Determining the Moisture of Soil
- 1. 16/11/2012Struv Geodetic Arc & its Future 1 *
- 3. Group Members:- • ASAD ULLAH MALIK 16 • HESHAM AHMED 34 • ARSLAAN KHALID 12 • HASAN BALOCH 31 • AAKIF SAEED 01 • FARHAN JALIL 24 • FARRUKH AZIZ 25 • ASAD RAZA 15
- 4. OBJECTIVE MOISTURE CONTENT OVEN DRY METHOD SIGNIFICANCE STANDARD USED TEST SPECIMEN APPARATUS PROCEDURE CALCULATIONS PRECAUTIONS SPEEDY MOISTURE METHOD STANDARD APPARATUS PROCEDURE CHEMICAL REACTION CALCULATIONS COMPARISON OVERVIEW
- 5. OBJECTIVE Laboratory determination of the moisture content by mass of soil, rock, and similar materials. Moisture content: The ratio of the Weight of Water(Ww) to Weight of Solids(Ws) expressed as percentage [%].
- 8. OVEN DRY SIGNIFICANCE • The water content is one of the most significant index properties used in establishing a correlation between soil behavior and its index properties. • Water content of a material is used in expressing the phase relationships of air, water, and solids in a given volume of material. • In fine-grained (cohesive) soils, the consistency of a given soil type depends on its water content. STANDARD USED: ASTM D 2216-10
- 10. CATEGORIES The standards produced by ASTM International fall into SIX categories: 1) STANDARD SPECIFICATION, that defines the requirements to be satisfied by subject of the standard. 2) STANDARD TEST METHOD, that defines the way a test is performed and the precision of the result. The result of the test may be used to assess compliance with a Standard Specification. 3) STANDARD PRACTICE, that defines a sequence of operations that, unlike a Standard Test Method, does not produce a result. 4) STANDARD GUIDE, that provides an organized collection of information or series of options that does not recommend a specific course of action. 5) STANDARD CLASSIFICATION, that provides an arrangement or division of materials, products, systems, or services into groups based on similar characteristics such as origin, composition, properties, or use. 6) TERMINOLOGY STANDARD, that provides agreed definitions of terms used in the other standards.
- 11. TEST SPECIMEN SELECTION: 1. Test specimen=portion of a larger amount; REPRESENTATIVE of the water condition of the entire amount of material. 2. For DISTURBED SAMPLES such as trimmings, bag samples, etc • If the material is such that it can be manipulated and handled without significant moisture loss and segregation (separation), the material should be mixed thoroughly. Select a representative portion using a scoop.
- 12. If the material is such that it cannot be thoroughly mixed, form a stockpile of the material, mixing as much as possible. Take at least 5 portions of material at random locations using a scoop and then mix them. If the material or conditions are such that a stockpile cannot be formed, take as many portions of the material as possible, using random locations that will best represent the moisture condition. Combine all the portions for the test specimen
- 13. MAX SIZE OF SOIL PARTICLE MIN MASS OF WET SOIL No. 40 sieve ( 425 mili- micron) 10-50 gm No. 4 sieve (4.75 mm) 100 gm 12.5 mm (1/2 in) 300 gm 25 mm (1 in) 500 gm 50 mm (2in) 1000 gm
- 14. APPARATUS:- Empty clean container Moist Sample Drying Oven Balance accurate to 0.01 g SAMPLE:- Keep the samples that are stored prior to testing in non- corrodible airtight containers at a temperature between approximately 3 and 30°C and in an area that prevents direct contact with sunlight.
- 15. PROCEDUR E EMPTY CLEAN CONTAINE R WEIGHT OF CONTAINER (W3) ELECTRI C BALANC E
- 16. PROCEDUR E CONTAINER WEIGHT OF CONTAINER + MOIST SOIL (W1) ELECTRI C BALANC E MOIST SOIL
- 18. PROCEDU RE CONTAINER WEIGHT OF CONTAINER +DRY SOIL (W2) ELECTRI C BALANC E DRY SOIL AFTER 24 HOURS
- 19. CALCULATIONS w =[(Mcws –Mcs)/(Mcs –Mc )] x 100= (Mw/Ms )x 100 where: w = water content % Mcws = mass of container and moist specimen (g) Mcs = mass of container and oven dry specimen (g) Mc = mass of container (g) Mw = mass of water (Mw = Mcws − Mcds) ( g) Ms = mass of solid particles (Ms = Mcds − Mc) (g) SOIL MECHANICS-I GROUP EXCELL CALCULATIONS- PRACTICAL 1A & 1B.xlsx
- 20. Analytical balances are delicate equipment and should be handled with care. Check balance is level and avoid dust. Drying ovens present a burn hazard. Use gloves or tongs before handling things from drying ovens.
- 22. APPARATUS • Speedy moisture tester • Steel ball of 1.25 inch diameter • Brush for cleaning the tester • Scoop for measuring Calcium Carbide reagent
- 24. PROCEDURE:-
- 25. Q. WHAT’S ACTUALLY HAPPENING INSIDE THE CALCIUM CARBIDE MOISTURE TESTER?
- 27. CHEMICAL REACTION:- Chemical Reaction taking place inside tester; CaC2 + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + C2H2
- 29. COMPARISON OVEN DRY METHOD SPEEDY MOISTURE TEST More time consuming but more accurate. Less time consuming but less accurate. Moisture content measured is more due to time duration. Moisture content measured is less due to time duration. Can even measure moisture content of samples having high moisture values. Can’t measure values of samples whose moisture content exceeds the limit on the pressure gauge. There is no such need to repeat the experiment. The lumps need to be broken otherwise experiment must be performed again.
- 30. 16/11/2012Struv Geodetic Arc & its Future 30