This document discusses digital to analog conversion (DAC). DAC is an encoding device that converts digital data from digital processing systems into analog signals. DAC has applications in cathode ray tube displays, voice synthesizers, automatic test systems, process control actuators, and computers. DAC can perform conversions serially or in parallel by taking a digital input number and converting it into a corresponding current, voltage, or charge that is then summed together using analog circuits to output an analog signal.