What is IEA DSM Task 24 on behaviour change?
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The document outlines Task XXIV of the IEA DSM program, focusing on behavior change in demand-side management (DSM) from theory to practice. It discusses the involvement of 16 countries, platforms for expertise sharing, and the target audience which includes policymakers, researchers, and industry stakeholders. Special features include an overview of evaluation tools, models used across various projects, and a narrative approach to understanding behavior change.
What is IEA DSM Task 24 on behaviour change?
- 1. Subtasks of Task XXIV social media and IEA DSM TASK 24 Task XXIV Closing the Loop - Behaviour Change in DSM: From Theory to Practice Dr Sea Rotmann Operating Agent IEC lecture, October 10, 2014
- 2. Some special features of Task XXIV 2 Text Premise for Task XXIV What’s special about Task 24?
- 3. socSiuabl tmaskesd oifa T iansk T XaXsIkV 24 @IEADSM @DrSeaRotmann IEA DSM facebook Group IEA DSM LinkedIn Group Expert platform: www.ieadsmtask24.ning.com Task 24 Wiki: www.ieadsmtask24wiki.info IEA DSM website: www.ieadsm.org Behaviour Change & Energy News www.youtube.com/IEADSM Pearltree: drsearotmann Instagram: drsea77 Storify: DrSeaRotmann
- 4. Participating countries 16 countries 25 Tasks Task 24
- 5. Our Audience Target Audience of Task XXIV 1Intermediaries Policymakers Researchers Industry The Third Sector 5 Pics via: theinnovativeeducator.blogspot.com, dreamstime.com, agu.org, lifesupplemented.org, rassutassu.com, change.comminit.com
- 6. Our Audience Target Audience of Task XXIV understanding THE BEHAVIOUR 1Intermediaries Policymakers Researchers Industry The Third Sector OF THE BEHAVIOUR CHANGERS 5 Pics via: theinnovativeeducator.blogspot.com, dreamstime.com, agu.org, lifesupplemented.org, rassutassu.com, change.comminit.com
- 7. SubtaSskusb otf aTsaksks XXIV 5- Social Media Expert platform 1- Helicopter view of models, frameworks, contexts, case studies and evaluation metrics 2- In depth analysis in areas of greatest need (buildings, transport, SMEs, smart metering) 3- Evaluation tool for stakeholders 4- Country-specific recommen-dations, to do’s and not to do’s
- 8. Some special features of Task XXIV 7 Text TheP rsemtoiser fyor Toafsk T XXaIsVk 24
- 9. MSaunby thauskrds loesf Ttoa sokv eXrXcoIVme Towards a multiple models approach ³$OOPRGHOVDUH wrong, but some of WKHPDUHXVHIXO´ George E.P. Box (1979)
- 10. subtask I - Overview of models, disciplines and Subtask I - Pre mHiesleic fooprt Tera sOkv XerXvIiVew frameworks https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DOTkdA97Woofeature=c4-overviewlist=UU_p3PlWDpLyDBh8TwUBmVHQ 9
- 11. IntSeubrtdaisskcs iopfl Tinasakr XyX sIiVlos
- 12. IntSeubrtdaisskcs iopfl Tinasakr XyX sIiVlos
- 13. subtask I - Overview of definitions Subtask I - Pre mHiesleic fooprt Tera sOkv XerXvIiVew http://www.slideshare.net/drsea/definitions-for-task-24 11
- 14. EureSukbata!sks of Task XXIV
- 15. eneSrugbyta ssktso orfi eTsa:s kp XeXrsIVonal YOUTUBE: https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=wbe83S8FfO0list=UU_p3PlWDpLyDBh8TwUBmVHQ
- 16. 5- Social Media Expert platform 1- Helicopter view of models, frameworks, contexts, case studies and evaluation metrics 2- In depth analysis in areas of greatest need (buildings, transport, SMEs, smart metering) 3- Evaluation tool for stakeholders 4- Country-specific recommen-dations, to do’s and not to do’s Subtasks 1- Helicopter view of models, frameworks, contexts, case studies and evaluation metrics
- 17. The Monster 15
- 18. Subtask I - Pre mHiesleic fooprt Tera sOkv XerXvIiVew worked examples in Task 24 Case studies collected for IEA DSM Task 24 in transport, building retrofits, SMEs and smart metering Note: Blue boxes denote government-led policies and programmes, green boxes denote business, research or community-led programmes and pilots 16 Domain/Country Cases and used theories/models Netherlands New Zealand Switzerland Italy Austria Norway Sweden Belgium UK Other countries Smart Metering/ Feedback Jouw Energie Moment Theories/Models used: Expectancy Value Theory Design with Intent Interpretation for sustainable behaviour Responses to Time Varying Prices for Electricity (Otago Uni) Theories/Model used: Classical Economics and marketing Smart Metering Zurich Pilot EWZ and EKZ Theories/Model used: behavioural economics and social norms/comparisons Time of Use Tariff Theories/Models: Classical Economics Die Energiejagd Theories/Models: Shared learning, Social Norming, freezing/ unfreezing Demosteinkjer Theories/Models: Theory of Planned Behaviour Clockwise Theories/Models: Constructivist Learning Theory Shared learning Rettie, Ruth CHARM Theories/Models used: social norms approach practice theory Spain (Juan Pablo Garçia): VERDIEM Theories/Models: Classical Economics Smart Metering EKT Dietikon Theories/Model used: behavioural model of residential energy use by Raaij Verhallen behavioural economics and social norms/comparisons !CO2 Management Theories/Models: Classical Economics Portugal (Joane Abreu): Smart meter feedback in North Theories: Nudge, classical economics, moments of change Munx Repower website Theories/Model used: behavioural economics, social norming US (Michela Beltracchi): Opower feedback programme Models: Cialdini’s Social Norming Retrofitting Blok voor Blok aanpak, retrofitting programme Theories/models used: Behavioural economics Warm Up New Zealand: Heat Smart Theories/Models used: social marketing; social norms; classical economic; TPB Swiss Building Retrofit Program Models: Classical Economics Retrofitting of Myhrenenga Housing Theories: TPB Building retrofits Theories: Shared Learning 2000 Watts Society (housing) Models: Ethics, long-term visioning SMEs De Groene Daad Theory/model used: Nudge EECA SME Crown Loans Scheme Theory/model used: originally based on TPB; changed to social learning and social norm theories Energy-Model and SME-Model from (EnAW) Theories/Models used: Classical Economics Social norm Finnfjord Theories: Leadership Build4Change Model: Nudge Energy Cultures SMEs pilot Model used: Energy Cultures Mobility Het Nieuwe Rijden (the New Driving) Theories and models used: Psychology: Henry A Murray (1938) and the acceptability/availability model of behaviour by Rose (1990). Active a2b Theory/models used: Norm Activation Theory Elaboration Likelihood Model Stern’s Principles for Intervening Triandis TIB Lewin’s Unfreezing/Refreezing McKenzie-Mohr 2000 Watt on mobility Models: Ethics, long-term visioning Electric vehicles Nobil Theories/Models used: TPB Stockholm congestion tax Models: activity based models Chatterton Wilson Framework Combining individualistic (eg Triandis) and societal (Practice theory) approaches to help UK policymakers Kevin Luten UrbanTrans (Australia) Transport behaviour change based on BJ Fogg NZ Post Transport Driver behaviour training Theory/models used: Value Action Gap Theory Fuel consumption of newly purchased cars Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and Norm-Activation Model (NAM)
- 19. The Monster Wiki 17
- 20. Subtask I - Pre mHiesleic fooprt Tera sOkv XerXvIiVew Storytelling Narratives = social science tool aimed at providing way to explore how big events (policies) impact on small scale (individuals) Allow for quick, practical and useful understanding of complexity of interconnected factors in behaviour research We all turn everything into a narrative in order to remember it Is there less bias when telling facts in a narrative format rather than in ‘hard’ figures, facts and stats? 18
- 21. Target Audience of Task XXIV A shared language for collaboration? Stories are powerful because they transport us into other people’s worlds but, in doing that, they change the way our brains work and potentially change our brain chemistry — and that’s what it means to be a social creature. Paul Zak, Neuroeconomist “ The Interpreter - is a left hemisphere function that organises our memories into plausible stories. Michael Gazzaniga, Cognitive Neuroscientist Evolution has wired our brains for storytelling. A story, if broken down into the simplest form is a connection of cause and effect. We make up (short) stories in our heads for every action and conversation. Whenever we hear a story, we want to relate it to one of our existing experiences. Uri Hasson, psychologist The ‘narrative turn’: Storytelling sociology views lived experience as constructed, at least in part, by the stories people tell about it. Berger Quinney, sociologists “
- 22. Different stories* *See Janda Topouzi (2013). Closing the Loop: Using Hero Stories and Learning Stories to Remake Energy Policy ECEEE Summer Study Proceedings. 20
- 23. Storytelling Successes Subtask I - Pre mHiesleic fooprt Tera sOkv XerXvIiVew THE HITCHHIKER’S GUIDE to DSM Subtasks of Task XXIV Once upon a time A 3-part sRtourlye o#f 1daring research collaborations on energy Love conquers all behaviour and demand response Number 8 Wire a classic tale of grid challenges and opportunities 21 IEA Demand Side Management Programme 1 A love story about warm, dry homes Warm Up New Zealand: Heat Smart 17 March 2014 | Jenny Lackey, Project Manager, Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority
- 24. Storytelling Successes Subtask I - Pre mHiesleic fooprt Tera sOkv XerXvIiVew ! How the island became green – a ‘Just So’ scenario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- 26. SubtaSskusb otf aTsaksks XXIV 5- Social Media Expert platform 1- Helicopter view of models, frameworks, contexts, case studies and evaluation metrics 2- In depth analysis in areas of greatest need (buildings, transport, SMEs, smart metering) 3- Evaluation tool for stakeholders 4- Country-specific recommen-dations, to do’s and not to do’s 2- In depth analysis in areas of greatest need (buildings, transport, SMEs, smart metering)
- 27. subtask II - Subtask I - Pre mHiesleic fooprt Tera sOkv XerXvIiVew case studies 24
- 28. Norway - SMEs Subtask I - Pre mHiesleic fooprt Tera sOkv XerXvIiVew Finnfjord 25
- 29. Switzerland - Buildings Subtask I - Pre mHiesleic fooprt Tera sOkv XerXvIiVew 2000 Watt Society 26
- 30. NZ-Buildings/Smart Grid Subtask I - Pre mHiesleic fooprt Tera sOkv XerXvIiVew PowerCo Smart House Trial The 3 houses chosen here fall into 3 of the 4 categories from the Energy Cultures5 research project: Figure 3. Energy Cultures Clusters House A in Tauranga belongs to the Energy Cultures’ Energy Efficient cluster and PowerCo’s Value Consumers. A young couple and a baby live in the house, as well as 3 cats. The homeowners are using only a little over 6000kWh pa and operate only 23 appliances. The House was built in 1998, has 100m2 and had good insulation and weather tightness (though no double glazing, which is typical for New Zealand. None of the houses in this trial have double glazing). The house operated on tariff-reduced ripple control for the hot water (from 11pm-7am and 1pm-3pm). There was no heated towel rack or clothes dryer. Heating was originally undertaken via portable heaters and a water radiator with plug-in timers. They also use electric blankets in winter and a HRV heat replacement system which is on 24h a day. 27 Methodology The house received 1kW of Canadian Solar PV installation, and a network-controllable (for occasional critical peaks) heat pump, as well as an energy efficient ceramic topped stove, This a case smart study hot water analysis is based on an analysis of project documentation provided by PowerCo POWERCO SMART HOUSE PROGRAMME Subtask 2 report - NEW ZEALAND Metering/Feedback and Building Retrofits) Rotmann Date: July 11, 2014 1. We are not there yet but: Can or can’t we make a significant technical shift in peak demand consumption? 2. Every consumer, every intervention, every household has !#$%'a different O(!)*response, I+O%*$O,$#)-it is very O14 complex. about the conversation the consumer wants to have, not what the market or government want to It is about finding the best solution for consumer and good compromises. This is a good learning. 3. We need to go beyond classical economics and BAU models, the world and the system is changing. STRATEGY FOR SMART HOMES: IMPLEMENT AND MEASURE Studies Show... Consumers respond to information - enabled with technology. They respond to price somewhat but respond to price plus technology most of all. v 2013.09.17a Enabling Technologies |Smart Meters |Heat Pumps |Ecient Appliances |Apps and Services |PV |Internet of Things (Smart Appliances) |EVs Storage Retailers and Aggregators |TOU Pricing |New Commercial Models |Need not be volume consumed - kWh based |Regulated - right incentive can deliver NZ Inc eciency |Across Network View - (can optimise) |Enable infrastructure best shared (storage?) |Long DSM history (hot water) Opportunities for EDBs Evolving Consumer Preferences and Choices |Value |Social and Environment |Comfort |Resilience |Lifestyle EDB Pressures |Higher Peaks, Lower Load Factors, Lower Economic Eciency |Threat to Volume |Need for New Investments |Increasing Costs |Uncertain Reserves |Information: pricing and technology services and solutions to lower peaks |Information standards plus demo technology to lower new investments |Enable new consumer choices without surprises / eciently using networks |Evolve new services and / or engagement models EDB Network Strength Figure 4. From the PowerCo Smart House brochure In order to embark into new territory, we need a methodology that embraces change but re!ects the kind of solid, robust engineering that PowerCo already delivers. One of the clear outcomes of recent “Smart Grid” trials is the need for simplicity. While there may be users that actively enjoy using energy management software and gadgets, the majority of people do not have the time. It is our opinion that the solutions PowerCo provides to customers be “opt-in” in the sense that they will be working for you whether
- 31. PowerMatching City Engaged participants Ruth Mourik
- 32. Italy - Buildings/smart meters Subtask I - Pre mHiesleic fooprt Tera sOkv XerXvIiVew Energy at Home project 29
- 33. Sweden - Transport Stockholm congestion charges Subtask I - Pre mHiesleic fooprt Tera sOkv XerXvIiVew 30
- 34. Austria learnings - Subtask I - Pre mHiesleic fooprt Tera sOkv XerXvIiVew Die Energiejagd vs €CO2 Management social approach individualistic approach 31 social norm (MoU) social learning (ToC) Freezing/unfreezing (ToC) classical economics (MoU) Gamification, competition, feedback, tailored advice, champions Feedback, Advice Incentive (iPod!) Goal: CO2 savings Huge success Unexpected ‘failure’
- 35. Austria learnings - Subtask I - Pre mHiesleic fooprt Tera sOkv XerXvIiVew Die Energiejagd vs €CO2 Management social approach individualistic approach 31 social norm (MoU) social learning (ToC) Freezing/unfreezing (ToC) classical economics (MoU) Gamification, competition, feedback, tailored advice, champions Feedback, Advice Incentive (iPod!) Goal: CO2 savings Huge success Unexpected ‘failure’
- 36. Austria learnings - Subtask I - Pre mHiesleic fooprt Tera sOkv XerXvIiVew Die Energiejagd vs €CO2 Management social approach individualistic approach 31 social norm (MoU) social learning (ToC) Freezing/unfreezing (ToC) classical economics (MoU) Gamification, competition, feedback, tailored advice, champions Feedback, Advice Incentive (iPod!) Goal: CO2 savings Huge success Unexpected ‘failure’
- 37. SubtaSskusb otf aTsaksks XXIV 5- Social Media Expert platform 1- Helicopter view of models, frameworks, contexts, case studies and evaluation metrics 2- In depth analysis in areas of greatest need (buildings, transport, SMEs, smart metering) 3- Evaluation tool for stakeholders 4- Country-specific recommen-dations, to do’s and not to do’s 3- Evaluation tool for stakeholders
- 38. subtask III - Subtask I - Pre mHiesleic fooprt Tera sOkv XerXvIiVew evaluation WHAT IS A SUCCESSFUL LONG-TERM BEHAVIOUR CHANGE OUTCOME TO YOU? 33
- 39. Subtask I - Pre mHiesleic fooprt Tera sOkv XerXvIiVew Subtask III: Outputs - Individual evaluation and monitoring metrics for each domain in the Subtask I Monster/Wiki and separate report - An overview and some recommendations on monitoring and evaluation can be found in Subtask III report ‘Did you behave as we designed you to?’ - There will also be a methodological review based on ‘Beyond kWh’ which will feed into Subtask IX 34
- 40. SubtaSskusb otf aTsaksks XXIV 5- Social Media Expert platform 1- Helicopter view of models, frameworks, contexts, case studies and evaluation metrics 2- In depth analysis in areas of greatest need (buildings, transport, SMEs, smart metering) 3- Evaluation tool for stakeholders 4- Country-specific recommen-dations, to do’s and not to do’s 4- Country-specific recommendations, to do’s and not to do’s
- 41. CSuobtuasnkts royf T satsko XrXieIVs The Good, the Bad and the Ugly - a true frontier story of DSM roll-out in South Africa ! BarryBredenkamp , ( SANEDI) and Dr Mathilda du Preez, (University of Pretoria) 17 March 2014
- 42. subtask IV - Subtask IV: Country-specific country-specific recommendations recommendations 37
- 43. subtask IV - Subtask IV: Country-specific country-specific recommendations recommendations PLEASE FILL IN YOUR STAKEHOLDER SURVEY! 37
- 44. SubtaSskusb otf aTsaksks XXIV 5- Social Media Expert platform 5- Social Media Expert 1- Helicopter view of models, frameworks, contexts, case studies and evaluation metrics 2- In depth analysis in areas of greatest need (buildings, transport, SMEs, smart metering) 3- Evaluation tool for stakeholders 4- Country-specific recommen-dations, to do’s and not to do’s platform
- 45. Subtasks of Task XXIV Subtask V - expert platform -125 videos presentations - 75 photos - 6 blogs -18 events -21 discussion fora -3 member groups
- 46. Some special features of Task XXIV 40 Text SubtaPsrekm 5is e- fEorx Tpaeskr tX PXlIVatform
- 47. Some special features of Task XXIV 41 Text SubPtraemskis e5 f o-r MTaaskin X lXeIsVsons A social media platform is/not: A good place to ‘collect’ experts and info A good broadcasting tool A good way of measuring Task impact (GA) A silver bullet for making people talk A way of making busy experts use social media A way of easily managing files == also created a Wiki to make case studies more easily accessible (www.ieadsmtask24wiki.info)
- 48. Again...what’s the story? - There is no silver bullet anywhere but the potential remains huge - Homo economicus doesn’t exist (in energy) - Habits are the most difficult thing to break - This means we have to get even smarter embrace complexity - We are at a crossroads - We need to look a whole-system, societal change - This can’t be done in isolation by one sector - collaboration is key - Social media and networks are really good (theoretically) for it - But: professionals are very weary to use it - It’s also hard to find the right people and break down silos - Everyone has a piece of the puzzle but we haven’t fit it together - We need a shared learning and collaboration platform that works - We also need a shared language based on narratives - It’s all about the people!
- 49. Subtasks of Task XXIV want to hear more of our story? to join the expert platform: drsea@orcon.net.nz