Wlk Presentation Final3

North Korean Drought: Assistance to the UN Through Remote Sensing Imagery 12 th January 2007

Agenda Corporate Background Team Composition Present Situation : What is happening Now WLK Solution: Remote Sensing Solution GIS Introduction Project Timeline and Cost Legal Issue

Corporate Background WLK, Remote Sensing Research and Consulting Inc Founded in January 1984 by Dr. Kim Kamkum Main Business research studies, Image consulting and Rapid Remote Sensing Data Analysis services Relationship with the Universities of Korea and Seoul, FEMA and NOAA, and in the frame of Disaster Management research projects.

Key Personnel President/CEO Park Ji-sung 박지성 Park has over 22 years of experience in executive management, business development, and sales within the technology industry. He has demonstrated success in all aspects of early-stage company growth, including strategic planning, team building, partnership development and fundraising. He has a BSEE degree from the University of California at Berkeley. Security

Key Personnel Project Manager Song Hye-Gyo 송혜교 For the past five years, Song has led the development of the WLK service. Song is an expert in designing and developing applications for distributed computing environments, large-scale project management, Remote Sensing technique and the utilization of location technologies. Over a 10 Years career, Song has provided expertise and/or developed software products for a variety of organizations including: General Dynamics Corporation, Honeywell Corporation,, The University of California, and the Government of Korea. Security

Team Composition: United Nation North Korea Project

Task Assignment Deadlines Task delegation Image Procurement Client Contacts Project Manager Agriculture Specialist Creation of interpretation models Creation of maps Extraction of Information Creation of Interpreted maps Image Processing Specialist

Resources Based on a project timeline of 4-5 weeks Personnel : 1 Project Manager, 50% time commitment 4 Image Analysts, 40% time commitment 1 United Nations Liaison

Resources (2) Hardware/Facilities : 5 Personal Workstations with large dual monitors to facilitate image visualization Server cluster for resource sharing and high load processing, associated equipment Offices, Server Housing Software : Windows XP Operating System ERDAS IMAGINE 8.7 Image manipulation software ArcView Geographic Information System software

Resources (3) Data: Data Sources: METEOSAT: for weather and growing condition prediction Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images Visual Imagery Data (LANDSAT?)

WLK Services Deliver satellite images with additional information pertaining to crop growth and inventory, distribution infrastructure, population distribution, urbanization, and relief sustainability Image interpretation training Catalogue focus areas for the relief effort

drought, impact on corn (clearly visible) normal weather (corn in good condition) North Korean Drought

Food situation in North Korea Serious problems of Famine in North Korea Most destructive famine of 1990s : 3 to 5% of the population killed Some of the reasons: Unfavorable climate and natural hazards including droughts and flooding which destroy crops. Political isolation on the international scene. Unfavorable agricultural situation.

North Korea’s Agriculture North Korea’s main agriculture product include: Rice (~30%) Corn Potatoes Soybeans Beans Cattle Pork Eggs Climate, elevation, and soil conditions are not particularly favorable for farming About 18% of the total landmass (approximately 2.2 million hectares) is arable

Farming concentration in the flatlands of the four west coast provinces: Longer growing season level land adequate rainfall good, irrigated soil

The UN food aid to North Korea Bilateral assistance Main organisms: FAO and WFP Average assistance of WFP over the past 10 years: 1,7B$ and 6,5 million people/year.

UN Needs Short team needs Evaluate the severity of the drought Determine the water reserves Determine the crops state Forecast the global food production To know how much need will need to bring Food and Water Track of the need bring Logistics monitoring and optimization GPS + roadmap , amount and intermediates Long term needs Improve the food need balance Determine the crops efficiency Best characteristics, rain, region, etc Continuous crop growing To Anticipated to problems

General Solution Water State Precipitation Soil moisture Crop State (Current crop level, Drought severity map) Forecasting (Expected crop yield) Integration into Geographical Information System Map data from other systems ( Eg. Population, topographic, etc ) Train to use system and maps interpretation GIS introduction course

Our Solution in detail Long term planning and sustainability tool Sustainability of aid programme Logistic planning aid Population sectors in need State of affected crops Thorough evaluation of drought severity by region Type of crops that are affected Severity of drought and drought area classification Uses Historic Trend Information Population distribution Distribution Infrastructure Crop classification based on the spectrum trace of the different species and health Crop Classification Drought index Crop grown index Map compiled from the estimation from the clouds durations and historical data Current Precipitation vs. Past Precipitation (Drought Classification) Crop Forecasting Description Parameter

Precipitation Data Map compiled from the estimation from the clouds durations and historical data Severity of drought and drought area classification Meteosat (Eumesat) 2 days after data reception

Planning Data & Schedule Radat Satellites ( Radarsat, Meris, Merin, ) and Vegetation sensor Meteosat (Eumesat) Sources 4 weeks after data reception Historic Trend Information 1 week after data reception Population distribution 1 week after data reception Distribution Infrastructure 2 days after data reception Crop Classification 1 week after data reception Drought index 1 week after data reception Crop grown index 2 days after data reception Current Precipitation vs. Past Precipitation (Drought Classification) 4 weeks after data reception Crop Forecasting Delivered Parameter

What is GIS ? An Example: Weather Overlay Radarsat Over Time Infrastructure Digital Elevation Model Landsat Base SPOT 5 Geo-Link KOMPSAT-2 LAYER MODEL

Weather Overlay Radarsat Over Time Infrastructure Digital Elevation Model Topographic Landsat Base SPOT 5 Geo-Link KOMPSAT-2 LAYER MODEL

Legal Aspects (1) Legal Environment UN Principles of Remote Sensing (RS) are applicable to WLK Freedom of RS: right to carry out a RS activity over North Korea Exception: North Korea invokes National/International Security Non-discriminatory principle: North Korea shall have access to the information at a reasonable cost Respect of other regulations (OST, Human Rights…)

Legal Aspects (2) Intellectual Property Protection of databases by copyright © Contractual arrangement with UN Conditions and provisions of products & services Payment Protection of information Breach of contract Liability Conflict & arbitration

Risk Management UN Negotiation with North Korea Denial of access to some parts of North Korea for food distribution Reinforce the conditions of the contract Cancellation clause in contract Compensation for breach of contract Deterioration of political relations between North Korea and UN and subsequent interruption or cancellation of aid programme Mitigation Risks

RADARSAT Sun-Synchronous dawn-dusk 18:00 24/7/3 days repeat cycle Global coverage 4,5 days Might be complex in drought conditions “ Standard beam mode is fine for crop assessment” Shallow incidence crop monitoring Steep soil moisture Beam mode several times smaller than agricultural fields!! Dawn orbit best to reduce rain effects (evaporation)

North Korea Topography Data North Korea Area: 120,540 km Arable: 18 % 22 000 km2 We want MAP IMAGE PROCESSING(?) Emergency programming 3 days before Priority programming mode suitable Express 7-14 days before Prosessing 48 hours 500/scene 2 weeks free Provide map of area

Landsat Scene size ~170x170 km Revisit time 18 days ETM+ band 4,5,7 combined with 1,2 or 3 for vegetation health Path/Row data pattern ~11 regions in DPRK Scheduling done by US

Risks Programming conflict Pay for priority data Can cause delay Cloud cover Can delay visual data acquisition Can cause spotty visual coverage of area of interest

Key Situation Drought in 95-96 decline in agriculture base ( Unable to meet population basic food needs . Unsustainable land use such as large scale-deforestation and farming on sloping land leads to soil erosion and decrease in agriculture productivity

Key Situation (2) Transportation, mining and agriculture decline . Coal production and electricity is lower than 80s Difficulties in maintaining public infrastructures such as roads , electricity and water and sanitation facilities. Agriculture sector is lacking of quality seeds, fertilizer and fuel .

Key Situation (3) Urban workers little income Agriculture lean there is a poor attendance in educational institution in towns . PDS was revived in 2005 however logistical and administrative constraint Shortages and household food insecurity continues

Food Security Issue Farmers have more food security than non-farmers People in the rural areas have more food than the towns Food gap exists Estimate vulnerable groups will face food shortage

Objective of WFP Assistance Support Government effort for long-term food security and sustainable live hoods and community based initiative and food for community development (FFCD) Government long-term strategy Local food Production ( LFP ) Logistic support for PDS

Wlk Presentation Final3

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Wlk Presentation Final3