Workshop on Flood management in a transboundary context, 13-14.12.2011,Vladimir Holcik
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This document discusses management of floods and cooperation on transboundary rivers. It notes the existence of river basin organizations and transboundary river commissions between Slovakia and its neighboring countries to address issues like hydrology, hydraulics, river regulations, environment, energy use, navigation, and flood protection. These commissions include staff from various technical backgrounds to deal with technical, administrative, and language challenges across borders. Examples of both good and bad cooperation projects on transboundary rivers are provided, including issues caused by an Austrian river modification project. The document advocates for improved cooperation through high-level technical commissions using a single language, adequate funding, and forecasting and understanding problems from all aspects of flood protection.
Workshop on Flood management in a transboundary context, 13-14.12.2011,Vladimir Holcik
- 1. Management of Floods and Cooperation on Transboundary Rivers ZAGREB, 13.-14. DEC. 2011 vladimir.holcik@vvb.sk
- 2. EUROPE
- 3. SLOVAKIA
- 4. RIVER BASIN ORGANISATIONS (SK)
- 6. TRANSBOUNDARY RIVER COMMISSIONS • SK – HU • SK – AU • SK – CZ • SK – PL • SK – UKR all flood protection problems have to be solved
- 7. WHICH PROBLEMS ? Problems in: • Hydrology (discharges, water levels, ...., also ice regime), • Hydraulics, • River regulations (rip-rap, spur dikes, groins, dredging, ....), • Environment (chemistry of water, biology, fishes, ......), • Energy use (WPPs), • Navigation (locks, weirs, ports, ...........), • Flood protection (dikes, inundation areas, poldes, .......),
- 8. TbRCs STAFF • Hydrologist, • Hydraulic eng., or Civil eng. (river regulations, turbins, locks, weirs, dikes) • Chem. eng. (water analysis, ......), • Navigation specialist, • Biologist (plankton, fytoplankton, .......), • Zoologist (zooplankton, fishes, .......), • Police (border guard, geodesist) PROBLEMS: technical, administrative, (1, 2, 3 languages, ideal would be only one language)
- 9. FLOOD PROTECTION PROBLEMS short historical overliew
- 12. GOOD & BAD PROJECTS
- 13. GOOD PRACTICE PROJECTS • SK – AU
- 14. BAD PROJECT Project in Austria – Danube easterly from Vienna Flussbauliches Gesamtprojekt Donau östlich von Wien (200 M €) Why? - Riverside fortification destroyed (404.500 m3) - Groins destroyed or „reconstructed“(137.700 m3) - Opening of the old arms system - Riverbed granulometry changed (1.816.500 m3)
- 15. BAD PROJECT • Project in Austria – Danube easterly from Vienna
- 17. WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES?
- 19. - Stream down: sand, loam, clay, mud, limbs, also whole trees; all is deposited in Ba, Ču, Ga - 3 fresh water sources in Bratislava in danger (app. 800.000 inhabitants), Kolmatation - Old bridge will be relatively more low - Trees are dangerous for navigation - problems in locks (but also in weirs, WPP) - good only for the dark-green forces ☺ - inacceptable for navigation
- 23. OLD BRIDGE, river km 1868,14 (Bratislava)
- 24. Bratislava, new flood protection wall
- 25. WPPS Gabčíkovo – Nagymaros engineers: good cooperation; politicians: bad cooperation
- 26. WPP Gabčíkovo
- 27. WPP Nagymaros
- 28. DEN HAAG, ICJ VERDICT: • Hungary was not entitled to suspend and later abandon in 1989 the works on the common Project, • Czechoslovakia was entitled to proceed in Nov. 1991 with the solution on his own territory, but was not entitled to put it into the operation in Oct. 1992, • The notification of Hungary of May 19, 1992, about termination of the Treaty, had no legal effect on the validity of the Treaty 1977, • Slovakia as successor of Czechoslovakia became the party in the Treaty 1977, • SK and H must negotiate in good faith, in the light of prevailing situation and must take all necessary measures to achieve the objectives of the treaty 1977, in accordance with such modalities, as they may agree upon, • A joint operational regime must be established and settlement of accounts for the construction and operation of works must be effected, both in accordance with the Treaty 1977, taking into account mutually agreed modifications, • If not agreed otherwise, both parties have to compensate to the other party, damages caused by their illegal conduct.
- 29. How to improve the cooperation on transboundary rivers • TbRCs members on high technical level (no politicians!), • To understand deeply the problems of all aspects of flood protection, to forecast (!) the problems, • Good administration – only one language in TbRCs • Enough money
- 30. Bratislava 2002
- 32. Many thanks for your attention! Danke für ihre Aufmerksamkeit! Merci beaucoup pour votre attention! Cпосибо вам за внимание!