Writing lesson plans [1]
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This document provides guidance on writing lesson plans and objectives for business education. It defines instructional objectives as statements that describe proposed changes in student behavior. The document outlines the differences between goals, aims, general objectives, and specific objectives. It also provides characteristics and criteria for writing effective instructional objectives, such as making them measurable, observable, and stated in terms of student performance rather than activities. The presentation includes an activity where participants work in groups to develop objectives for topics like customer service, accounting, and human resources.
Writing lesson plans [1]
- 1. WRITING LESSON PLANS FOR BUSINESS EDUCATION PRESENTED BY: Paulann Dunkley September 2011
- 2. Objectives • At the end of the module, participants should be able to: – Define what is an instructional objective – Differentiate between a general and specific objective – Construct general objectives – Construct specific objectives – Prepare lesson plan using given template – Select appropriate verb when constructing objectives
- 3. Writing Instructional Objectives Definition – An instructional objective is an intent communicated by a statement which describes a proposed change in your students’ behaviour.
- 4. Writing Instructional Objectives • Measurement is an integral part of education • Meaningful assessment is inconceivable with out aims and objectives with which to measure achievements against.
- 5. Writing Instructional Objectives GOAL AIMS GENERAL OBJECTIVES SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
- 6. GOALS & AIMS • Goals – Long-term aim one works towards • Aims – Something one works towards but is nearer to the present than a goal. – Short-term goal
- 7. General Objectives • General Objectives – Nearer to present than goal or aim – An expression of learning outcomes to be attained after a sequence of teaching – Recognizable by words which are too vague to be measured directly – Examples: know, understand, appreciate, etc
- 8. Group Activity • In assigned groups, write a general objective for the following: – Customer Service • Managing Challenging Customers – Accounting • Petty Cash – Human Resource Management • Interviewing Techniques Flipchart Activity
- 9. Specific Objectives • Specific Objectives: – Refer to the specific behaviours which taken together, add up to the general objective. – Recognized by directly measurable terms – Examples: define, demonstrate, solve, list etc
- 10. Instructional Objectives • It is a statement of what your students will be able to do or how they will behave after they have successfully completed the learning experiences.
- 11. Instructional Objectives • It is a description of a pattern of behaviour (performance) which your students will demonstrate.
- 12. Instructional Objectives • When you write instructional objectives they must denote attributes which are both measurable and observable. • Your tests and examinations must serve to measure your students’ performance in terms of the stated instructional objectives!
- 13. Instructional Objectives • Provide the means for your students to evaluate their progress along the route of instruction • Organise students efforts into relevant activities which will guide them to achieve the desired objectives
- 14. Characteristics of Instructional Objectives Objectives should be stated in terms of your students’ behaviour and not in terms of learning activities or your purpose • Objectives should begin with an active verb which indicates the behaviour which your students should demonstrate at the end of the period of instruction
- 15. Characteristics of Instructional Objectives • Objectives should be stated – in terms of observable changes in your students’ behaviour – precisely by using terms which have uniform meaning to everyone.
- 16. Characteristics of Instructional Objectives • • Objectives should be unitary – each statement must relate to one process only. Objectives should be stated at an appropriate level of generality.
- 17. Characteristics of Instructional Objectives • Objectives should: – represent intended direct outcomes of a planned series of learning experiences – be realistic in terms of the time available for teaching and the characteristics of your students.
- 18. Criteria for writing Instructional Objectives • Performance. • Condition(s). • Standard(s).
- 19. Techniques for writing Instructional Objectives Performance • First, state the terminal behaviour by name – specify the exact behaviour which you will accept as evidence that your students have achieved the objective(s) of the lesson. • Also called behavioural objectives • Focus & direct learning • Are expressed in terms of what students will do at end of learning process
- 20. Techniques for writing Instructional Objectives • It communicates to student the precise performance expected • Directs teacher’s efforts in planning learning experiences to enable student to meet the objective • They may be exit objectives – Met at end of unit, course, programme • They may be enabling objectives – Critical to success on the exit performance objective
- 21. Techniques for writing Instructional Objectives Condition(s) Secondly, state the desired behaviour further by describing the conditions under which you expect the behaviour to occur –What will you allow your students to use? –Will they work individually or in groups?
- 22. Techniques for writing Instructional Objectives Standard(s) • Third, specify the criteria of acceptable performance by describing how well your students must perform in order for you to evaluate that the performance is acceptable.
- 23. Group Activity • In assigned groups develop at least three (3) instructional objectives for the following: – Customer Service • Managing Challenging Customers – Accounting • Petty Cash – Human Resource Management • Interviewing Techniques Flipchart Activity