Writing & reading skills 1
- 1. Isfd 18 LEE 4 Mansilla, Adriana Palamara, María Paula
- 3. Writing for a good communication productive skill Comprehensive reading
- 4. Various principles in writing Decontextualized production process A social view Writing=speaking Writing=speaking (context bound) important for the development of writing competence and INTERACTION between listener spoken discourse and speaker = clarification negotiation co-construction of meaning
- 5. READER BASED APPROACH to writing to ensure the communicative power of a text even in a setting where interaction is decontextualized -1987- Carl Bereiter has collaborated with Marlene Scardamalia on cognitive and writing research for more than 35 years. Happily married for many years, Carl and Marlene have developed “knowledge building as a distinctive educational approach”
- 6. How to develop a communicative text ? Develop a reader-based approach Prior knowledge and writing experience (Content Schemata) Discourse knowledge and writing convention (Formal Schemata) Assessment of writer’s intention and awareness of the audience Metacognition ( editing, revision) Top - Down processing
- 7. An even better written text... Use proper lexical items Choose proper grammatical forms Use of appropriate cohesive devices Pay attention to punctuation Metacognition ( editing and revision) Bottom - Up processing
- 8. Approaches to writing theory & writing instruction audience context in writing and reading language -The expressivist approach -The cognitivist approach -The interactionists Writing activities Self discovery “Personal and dialog journals” -Elbow- Thinking and process “Problem solving activity” Interactive perspective “Intertextuality” -Bakhtin 1973- Writer responsible for communication
- 9. Grice’s maxims -1975 - Quantity Information Quality Justification Relevance Sense in a context Manner Linguistic forms sentence structure Top down processing Bottom up processing
- 10. How to develop a communicative text ? Coherence Organize thoughts into a sequence which makes sense °Extratextual Background knowledge the reader is likely to bring to the reading of the text °Intratextual Features in a written text that the writer should build in a text to ensure coherence °Genre and rethorical format Narrative / expository Subgenres purpose & fables, novels audience folktales -Expected readers -place of written text
- 11. Writing instruction Prior to writing #Brainstorming activities #Discussions #Oral interactions - role play activities - Sts can discover they have a lot to say about the subject #Start writing! - encourage Sts to write about anything at all - STEPS 1st - choose the topic 2nd - think of the reader or the audience 3rd - choose the genre
- 12. Planning communicative aOuctlitnievs ities Flowcharts Provide the writer with a system of mapping out the main ideas to be presented in a logical way. Brainstorming Describe the town where you live advantage and disadvantage of the new technologies the trip of your dreams Features of the trip Places to visit transportation Taxis Buses Subway old markets Pubs Rocky Mountainous coastline
- 13. “Use the reading as model… Passages from literature or written by others as models for one’s “Sowunm wmraitirnizging - reading writing activity - For the writer’s own use- -two audiences- Instructor students -use it to see if the student has understood the material- -share their reading ( it’s a way to communicate ideas with others) “Portfolio An ongoing collection of different writing assignments ( Personal messages, letters, summaries essays) A writing teacher Should develop writing tasks that suit the students’ needs and interests to ensure motivation on the writer. The result is a successful communication in the written message. useful for longer writing project before the actual writing is done
- 14. The more you read the more your knowledge expand !
- 15. In order to understand a written texts the reader needs the application of different tasks: ● Decode the message ● Interpret the message ● Understand the author´ s intentions
- 16. Reading for Communication Reader Interaction Writer Text
- 17. How to achieve an effective reading... Metacognitive awareness Top - Down processing Consider Prior knowledge and Prior reading experience Apply knowledge of written convention Consider the purpose of reading Bottom - Up processing Recruit linguistic knowledge -vocabulary, grammar, punctuation, cohesion, orthography-and Reading strategies
- 18. How to facilitate the interpretation of a text while reading? Coherence Cohesion Reader´s experience Knowledge on writing conventions Reader´s linguistic competence
- 19. Problems in reading ● Mismatch ( predictions/ text; prior knowledge/text; linguistic competence/text) ● Ambiguity of referencial ties ( articles, pronouns or demostratives)
- 20. A well written product is in constant changing and revision to suit the writer’s goals and needs to accommodate potential readers An effective reading is achieved by developing reading strategies. Making constant adjustment to the text to match the schemata of context and form, presented by the writer in the text, with our own schemata and view of the world.
- 21. Sources -Celce-Murcia, M. & Olshtain, E. (2000) Discourse and Context in Language Teaching. A Guide for Language Teachers. Chapters 7, 8. U.K.: Pictures sources -Stipula_fountain_pen.jpg Available at: en.wikipedia.org -Breaking Down Critical Reading | Princeton Tutoring Blog blog.princetontutoring.com -Bad Girls: Summer Reading Book Club Edition - Work Life Balance ... wlbpa.org