Writing-a-Reaction-Paper.pptx then back back
- 1. WRITING A REACTION PAPER AND POSITION PAPER Principles and uses of a reaction paper and position paper
- 12. THESE ARE SPECIALIZED FORMS OF WRITING IN WHICH A REVIEWER OR READER EVALUATES ANY OF THE FOLLOWING: a scholarly work (e.g., academic books and articles) a work of art (e.g., performance art, play, dance, sports, film, exhibits) designs (e.g., industrial designs, furniture, fashion design) graphic designs (e.g., posters, billboards, commercials, and digital media) reviewers do not simply rely on mere opinions; rather, they use both proofs and logical reasoning to substantiate their comments
- 13. FACT • Facts are statements that can be proven. • Facts may be true or false. • But facts can be proven. Examples 1. Statistically, women live longer than men. 2. Most buses weigh more than most cars. 3. There are ten inches in a foot (false).
- 14. OPINION • Opinions are statements that cannot be proven. • Opinions can be argued. • Opinions may be supported with facts. • Opinions cannot be proven. Examples 1. Golf is boring. 2. Pizza is delicious. 3. Math is the hardest subject.
- 15. FACT OR OPINION 1. There are fewer panda bears in the world than grizzly bears. 2. Chicken that has not been properly prepared and cooked may cause salmonella. 3. Cheating on your boyfriend or girlfriend is wrong. 4. Super Mario is one of the greatest video game characters of all time. 5. Morality is the belief about what is right and what is wrong.
- 16. Position Paper • A stand supported by arguments and evidence • Its purpose is to generate support on an issue • Another purpose is to convince the audience that your opinion is valid and worth listening to • Expresses a position, conclusion, or recommendation concerning a contested issue or undecided questions • Presents an opinion and make a claim or stand about an issue • Use inductive reasoning which addresses both strengths and weaknesses
- 17. PARTS OF A POSITION PAPER Introduction (1 paragraph) • Start with a topic sentence that attracts attention and summarizes the issue • Inform the reader of your point of view • State your thesis
- 18. PARTS OF A POSITION PAPER B o dy (C o unter-Argument & Argument – 3 paragraphs) • Summarize the counterclaims • Provide supporting information on the counterclaims • R efute the counterclaims • Give evidence for arguments • Assert your points of the claim (up to three) by giving your opinion and providing support/evidence
- 19. PARTS OF A POSITION PAPER • Summarizes then conclude your agreement • Provide a solution Conclusion (1-2 paragraphs)
- 20. Guidelines in Writing a Position Paper 1. Choose an issue. When choosing one, keep the following guidelines in mind. • The issue should be debatable because you won’t be able to make a stand if the topic is not debatable. • The issue should be current or relevant. • The issue should be written in a question form and answerable by yes or no. • The issue should be narrow and manageable. 2. Begin the writing process by conducting in-depth research on the issue. 3. Make sure to define unfamiliar terms when you first mention them.
- 21. Guidelines in Writing a Position Paper 4. Be aware of the various positions about the issue and explain and analyze them objectively. 5. Reflect on your position and identify its weaknesses. 6. Cite valid and reliable sources (3 or more) to establish the credibility of your arguments. 7. View the issue from a different perspective so you can present a unique approach. 8. Limit your position paper to two pages. 9. Analyze your target readers and align your arguments to their beliefs, needs, interests, and motivations.
- 22. Guidelines in Writing a Position Paper 10. Summarize the other side’s counterarguments and use various evidence and data to refute them. 11. Use an active voice as much as possible to achieve a dynamic and firm one. 12. Arrange your evidence logically using an inductive or deductive approach. 13. Check your argument for fallacies and eliminate them. Fallacies or errors in reasoning weaken your argument. 14. Use ethical, logical, and emotional appeal. An ethical appeal relates to your credibility and competence as a writer; a logical appeal refers to a rational approach in developing an argument; while an emotional appeal uses arguments in a way that evokes feelings.
- 23. Fallacies Ad hominem (to the person) Ad ignorantiam (appeal to ignorance) Ad misericordiam (appeal to pity) Ad populum (appeal to popularity) Red Herring Fallacy Slippery Slope Fallacy Straw man Fallacy Genetic Fallacy
Editor's Notes
- #24: Red Herring – diverting attention to the real issue Slippery Slope – leading to a chain reaction with no evidence Straw Man – taking another person’s argument and distort it