Y Patterns

C U E creativity utility extensibility

Creativity & Innovation “ Pure” Creativity Work of art, literature “ Applied” Creativity Leveraging an opportunity Seeing or creating a pattern A scientific breakthrough Also known as innovation Innovation is the process of creating resources out of “non”-resources Every plant is a weed Every mineral is a piece of rock Every antibiotic is a bacteria Question How do you create purchasing power ? Resources are limited, creativity is unlimited

Lateral & Divergent Thinking Certain problems do not have a single straight solution Thinking in different directions Sometimes searching Sometimes seeking variety Trial and Error Problem : Without raising the pencil from the surface, how many straight lines would you need to join all the dots ?

Looking out of the box … The obvious solution The economical solution

More options Two Lines > Did you know that parallel lines meet at infinity ? One line > Did we specify the thickness of the pencil anywhere ?

Out of the box : practical example Software development project for global bank Needs Triple DES encryption in data transfer Developed the software using this facility BUT … Did not have GUI facilities for creating and splitting encryption keys Discovered during UAT … and was a total showstopper Feature was impossible to develop given the delivery time frame Decision to go out of the box Identify PGP … a widely used freeware product Redefine the system boundary Developed software + PGP Redefine the problem boundary Not development but convincing client IS to accept PGP System went live three days before scheduled date

What is the lesson learnt ? Look for a pattern that is not obvious in the original problem

Patterns in Business Innovation and Creativity Convergent Technology What do you leave your house with ? Wallet, watch & cellphone Do the wallet and cellphone have something in common ? Yes both can be used to pay your bills Can the watch and cellphone be merged into one device Yes ….if the size can become small enough There is a hidden pattern between payments, communication and time keeping Can this be exploited ? Convergent Services : Hotmail Mail : a genuine and universal need Inexpensive : to offer Advertising medium : can draw funding Tied together with what is very simple technology However this combination was spotted by Sabeer Bhatia first Now has become the default option

More Patterns : Right and Wrong Successful : Financing Capital good purchase Demand = desire x purchasing power Farmers had desire for tractors but no purchasing power Reasonably sure that crops will be able to pay for tractors Lend money to create purchasing power Create Demand, Make sale Win-win situation Someone saw the emergent pattern between … these inter-related ideas. DotCom Portals : what went wrong ? Technology was correct and inexpensive Eyeball target, traffic was present Users found the contents useful But not useful enough to pay for Advertising revenue was not able to connect the dots Pattern was there, but the pattern was not complete !

Right and Left : Parts of the brain The left side of the brain Addresses problems in a structured manner Used more frequently by scientists, engineers Better suited for rational and logical analysis The right side of the brain Generally takes a holistic view of things Used by artists and other “creative” types Generates an intuitive or emotional response to external stimulus Used to spot patterns that are difficult to identify in a purely logical manner

The Genome : a quick recap The Genome is a book The book consists of 23 chapters - chromosomes Each chapter has thousands of stories – genes Each story consists of meaningful paragraphs – exons – interrupted by junk “advertisements” – introns Each paragraph is made of words – codons [ there are only 20 words in the language] Each word is made of an alphabet of letters – bases [ there are only 4 letters in the alphabet] A living body consists of proteins Proteins correspond to genes Proteins consist of chains of amino acids Amino acids correspond to [ codons each consisting of ] triplets of bases 20 permutations [of size 3 each] correspond to real 20 amino acids .. Others irrelevent Bases consist of 4 specific molecules Adenine, Guanine, Cytocine, Thyiamine

More on the genome … The human genome consists of nearly one billion codons (words) each consisting of three bases (letters) 3000 Megabits of digital information This is not binary 1/0 but quarternary [ A / C / T / G ] Every individual has a distinct “digital” identity Slight variations ( < .001 % variation ) causes differences among people Chimpanzees are about 3% different from humans “ same” genes occur in Two individuals of the same species but slight variation in the sequence of bases causes differences “ similar” genes occur across different species Useful to study the impact of specific sequence of bases on Generation of proteins ALL species share the same 20 amino acids proteins

Just a little more …. A cell replicates by splitting in two and creating a near perfect copy of its genome. The slight variation in the sequence of bases in a gene is referred to as a mutation Mutations [ sometimes caused by things like nicotine ] can cause cancer Each human being receives two copies of the chromosome [ along with their genes ] from each parent The “same” gene received from the two different parents could be slightly different Our focus is to identify Genes that result in the formation of proteins Variations in the sequence of bases on the gene to understand the consequences This is like Reading binary computer code Reverse engineering the source code Determining the functional requirement of the program Trying to explain the behaviour of the application by correlating it to patterns in the binary code.

Now let us talk specifics …. Look at chromosome 4 Look at the sequences from base number 3M and 4 M Look at a sequence of bases that represent the Huntington Gene This gene has a single word CAG that is repeated a number of times If it is repeated 35 times or less you are “normal” and safe If it is repeated 39 times or more … you are in trouble At midlife, you will begin to lose first your intellectual and then your motor capabilities There is no cure There is no prevention No pills, no vitamins, no exercise, no no-smoking You will lose your mind At the age of 66 if you have 39 repeats At the age of 59 if you have 40 repeats At 54 … if 41repeats At 37 ….if 42 repeats At …. At 27 …if 50+ repeats

Can we explain why ? This gene creates a protein called huntingtin that has a long stretch of glutamines in the middle. The CAG sequence creates a chain of glutamines The CAG sequence is associated with many other neurological diseases There are at least 6 CAG diseases If we forcibly insert CAG into another mice gene they get a similar disease Other genes are far more complex The link to the particular protein, its structure and its behaviour is more tenuous For example susceptibility to allergy is thought to be result of multiple genes located on various chromosomes.

Patterns : the search continues The human genome consists of around 3000 million “bits” of information Scattered among these are 30K – 80K sequences of A T C G called “genes” Some of these sequences result in sequences of amino acids that in turn create recognisable proteins Slight differences in sequences result in slightly different proteins that show up as Detectable diseases Detectable characteristics Biotechnology has become a huge pattern search and matching exercise What pattern of sequences of A T C G Occurs at the same position in the genome If modified, will results detectable differences in individuals

Meanings in patterns meanings in patterns manage tennis prints manage nisten prints ageman nisten prints ageman nisten ntspri ag em an ni st en nt sp ri ga me na ni ts ne tn ps ir a simple pattern is embedded here asimplepatternisembeddedhere realisation

Visual Patterns : Colour Blindness Most of us would have no difficulty in reading the numbers that are hidden inside these patterns Those who suffer from colour-blindness would not be able to read the numbers This is a standard clinical test

Hidden Patterns single image random dot stereograms How do they work? When viewing a SIRDS correctly, each side of the brain sees a slightly different pattern. The small shifts in the pattern that makes up a SIRDS image are interpreted by the brain as different heights. The mechanism in the brain that allows us to see SIRDSs also allows us to judge the distance of objects close to us accurately. Who can see the hidden pattern ? With some effort most of us are able to spot the pattern However it is said that roughly 10% of the population cannot see the hidden pattern Related to malfunction in the eye-brain connection

Multidimensional / Multimedia Audio patterns Some sounds that are absolutely unrecognisable Pure noise Some sounds are recognised by those who are adept A classical musician would recognise ragas Some sounds are recognised by all The national anthem Taste Patterns Wine and Tea tasters can recognise the presence of certain vintages and blends Fragrance Patterns Some of recognise certain smells Specialists perfume makers are more adept Touch Patterns Braille

A quick review … There are many kinds of patterns Business Patterns that link technology and business opportunity into a service offering Share & commodity price movements Demand and supply patterns Art & Music patterns : that “strike a chord” with the audience Symptoms : Medicine / auto mechanic / program debuggers look for patterns The list can go on ….. And success lies in locating patterns that are relevant to our enterprise Some of us more effective in locating these patterns

Different Approaches … SIX sensory organs Images Sounds Taste Touch Smell Intellect SIX rational ways to address a problem The Intuitive Approach “ vibes” “ experience” “ feeling” “ realisation” “ hunch” Intangible, inexpressible but very often correct.

Two perspectives The Left Brain of the Hubble Telescope sees this today The Right Brain of Vincent Van Gogh saw this

Self Similar Fractal Fractals usually possess what is called self similarity across scales. That is, as one zooms in or out the geometry/image has a similar (sometimes exact) appearance

Flawed[?] Self Similarity The Bohr model of the atom with electrons circling the nucleus was suspiciously similar to the Copernican model of the solar system. With the advent of Quantum Mechanics this simple model was soon found to be inadequate Religion has sought to model GOD on the anthropomorphic principle Gods look like human beings in most relegions Some images may be fantastic, eg multiple hands etc but the basic structure is similar

Extrapolating from partial patterns

World Line of a particle In order to visualize and describe quantum electrodynamical interactions, physicist Richard P. Feynman introduced an ingenious schematic form of drawing now called a Feynman diagram. In such a diagram – drawn as a graph with space and time co-ordinates, all particles are represented by lines with each instant in the life of a particle being represented as a POINT in the diagram The diagram illustrated above represents the interaction of two electrons. Each electron is represented by a straight line, which exchange a (virtual) photon and then repel one other.

World Line of a Person A one dimensional “stick” will sweep out a surface and a two dimensional body will sweep out a volume. George Gamow’s humorous interpretation of the Feynman Diagram as applied to a “two dimensional” human being [ who is of course a collection of fundamental particles ] An EVENT in the life of a person is a point on this diagram

Horoscopes as patterns Events in the lifetime of an individual as well as the varying positions of the planets can be viewed as a gigantic and incredibly complicated pattern. The positions of the planets at birth or at an instant of time show a small part of the overall pattern Hypothesis : can we get an overall idea of the nature of the big pattern by seeing a small part of the pattern ? If this hypothesis is correct we have a non-causal explanation of astrological [ and similar ] predictions Had it been a causal relationship, then the time of conception would have been important. But because we are using extensibility, we work with the time of birth.

Causality or Correlation ? Long Range Weather Forecasting The Indian Meteorological Department has “predicted” a normal monsoon in 2004 based on certain observations El Nino effect etc Extremely difficult to establish a causal connection between the two

iCUE intuition, insight CUE catchword, clue, high sign, hint , hot lead, idea, indication, inkling, innuendo, intimation, key, lead, mnemonic, nod, notion, prod, prompt, prompting, reminder, sign, suggestion, telltale, tip-off, twit, warning, wind - Roget's Interactive Thesaurus, First Edition (v 1.0.0) C U E creativity utility extensibility i

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