Yang greenstein part_2
- 1. How Shaders are Created Application API GPU Driver Video BIOS 22 May 30, 2008 AMD: DV Club - Westford MA
- 2. Images 23 May 30, 2008 AMD: DV Club - Westford MA
- 3. Display Processing Advanced Gamma and Color Correction No correction 24 May 30, 2008 AMD: DV Club - Westford MA
- 4. Display Processing Advanced Gamma and Color Correction Avivo Display Engine 10-bit No correction gamma and color correction 25 May 30, 2008 AMD: DV Club - Westford MA
- 5. “Call of Juarez” using DirectX 9 26 May 30, 2008 AMD: DV Club - Westford MA
- 6. “Call of Juarez” using DirectX 10 27 May 30, 2008 AMD: DV Club - Westford MA
- 7. GPU Verification 28 May 30, 2008 AMD: DV Club - Westford MA
- 8. Graphics Verification Challenges Large complex ASICs: Approaching 1B xtrs; >50 different clocks; > 600 MHZ; >100 top level tiles Parallel SIMDs, Multiple pipelines; hundreds of threads in flight; >300 ALUs High BW memory/cache interface; PCI Express; Display Ports 3rd party compliance: DirectX and OpenGL Graphic APIs and Apps Firmware critical to ASIC function ASIC validation utilizes firmware release as part of tape out Firmware debug requires significant amounts of time Full frames processing requires days/weeks of RTL simulation Market window small – consumer market is harsh! Schedule is KING Need incremental development; hierarchy and reuse prior Respins are costly; time to market is critical Christmas, Dads/Grads, or bust! 29 May 30, 2008 AMD: DV Club - Westford MA
- 9. GPU Architecture 30 May 30, 2008 AMD: DV Club - Westford MA
- 10. Top Level Command Processor Vertex Index Fetch Radeon 2900 Hierarchical Z Shader Caches Shader Caches Setup Instruction & Tessellator Constant Constant Rasterizer Unit Stream Out Red – Compute Geometry Vertex Yellow – Cache Interpolators Assembler Assembler Unified shader Ultra-Threaded Dispatch Processor Shader R/W Memory Read/Write Cache L2 Texture Cache Instr./Const. cache L1 Texture Cache Texture Units Texture Units Texture Units Texture Units Unified texture cache Unified Compression Shader Z/Stencil Cache 4 SIMDs Processors 16 Pipelines/SIMD 5 Stream processes (32bit FP) per pipeline Shader Export 320 ALU ops in parallel Over 700M transistors Render Back-Ends Color Cache 31 May 30, 2008 AMD: DV Club - Westford MA
- 11. Technical Solutions Layered CODE Methodology Multiple Layers of Testbenches Maximize Controllability, Observability, and Debug Efficiency Reference Model Tools Coverage and assertions Visualization HW Emulation 32 May 30, 2008 AMD: DV Club - Westford MA
- 12. Layered CODE Verification Testbench Capability - Maximize Controllability, Observability, and Debug Efficiency Level Controllability Observability Debug / Expected (I/O; pipeline (Checking Fix Bugs timing; results in I/O; Efficiency found for sequencing; internal states) efficiency internal state; error injection) Silicon in Lab Low Low days - ZERO weeks Chip/System Med: chip I/O Med hours – days Few Block High: block I/O High minutes- Many hours Sub Block Max – closest Max minutes Most to design; internal corner states 33 May 30, 2008 AMD: DV Club - Westford MA
- 13. Reference Model Methodology C++ reference model of the DUT One “block” = one C++ object Non-synthesizeable => easier to write than RTL Very fast – Several orders of magnitude faster than the design – Used by driver, performance teams Transaction-level accuracy Block-block interfaces modeled (see SystemVerilog definition) Matches design exactly (almost) Sub-transaction debug taps for added accuracy 34 May 30, 2008 AMD: DV Club - Westford MA
- 14. Testbenches Sub-block testbenches : designer boot-strap Block-level testbenches: constrained- random Test Tests written in C++ Test library in C++ Test library – SCV, other randomization Threaded transport layer – Based on SystemC – C++ to C++ – C++ to verilog Transport Two-pass approach – Ref model, then RTL, then compare Block reference SystemVerilog testbenches also used model OR RTL 35 May 30, 2008 AMD: DV Club - Westford MA
- 15. Testbenches Chip/system testbenches Tests written in C++ Tests debugged on chip reference model Test – Collection of block ref models; see prev slide Test library in C++ – Mimics OpenGL, an industry standard OpenGL-like test library OR Test portability production Write once, run everywhere driver – Reference model – Design – H/W emulation – Lab/diags Transport – Production drivers Overall TTM improved Chip reference model OR RTL – Driver schedule is nontrivial OR emulation OR real H/W 36 May 30, 2008 AMD: DV Club - Westford MA
- 16. HW Emulation Usage: In-Ckt Emulation of full chip design and running Chip DV and SW stack Simulates up to 1000X faster than SW (RTL) simulation Capable of rendering full image frames in minutes/hrs vs days/weeks Capture/playback scenes of benchmarks and games Pre Silicon Verifying chip/system level functionalities and performance, block interactions, stress Allows for longer runs of random tests to look for hangs Prototype and test SW drivers and Diag Develop Boot Up settings Post Silicon: BringUp to Production Debug platform for silicon Validate ECOs 37 May 30, 2008 AMD: DV Club - Westford MA
- 17. Coverage and Assertions Assertions are a Good Thing White-box testing Designer impact on DV Etc. Functional coverage is a Good Thing Deep corner cases API spec does not show all implementation details Etc. Bug rates/DV closure improved greatly when func covg was adopted 38 May 30, 2008 AMD: DV Club - Westford MA
- 18. Visualization It is graphics, after all Nice to see pretty pictures for what you are drawing Two overlapping textured triangles, with depth 39 May 30, 2008 AMD: DV Club - Westford MA
- 19. Visualization Corruptions become easier to see; recognize patterns Color corruption 40 May 30, 2008 AMD: DV Club - Westford MA
- 20. Summary AMD + ATI = positioned for success Graphics business/technology has many challenges Market window is everything Techniques mostly leverage standard industry practice, with some twists Reference-model-based flow High quality is required – Rely on coverage, constrained-random, etc. H/W and S/W are both key to product success – Seamless integration required We are growing Always looking for good people! Shaw.Yang@amd.com Gary.Greenstein@amd.com 41 May 30, 2008 AMD: DV Club - Westford MA
- 21. Backup Slides 42 May 30, 2008 AMD: DV Club - Westford MA