yasir labs designing
- 1. Muhammad Yasir Reg No= 2014-Mphil-2096. Topic , Requirements of clinical labs (Microbiology, Parasitology, Pathology)
- 2. Building A- Architectural Considerations Lab Planning Module A well-designed modular plan will provide the following benefits: Flexibility Expansion A common laboratory module has a width of approximately 10 ft. 6 in. but will vary in depth from 20-30 ft. The 10 ft. 6 in. dimension is based on two rows of casework and equipment on each wall, a 5 ft. aisle, and 6 in. for the wall thickness that separates one lab from another. The 5 ft. aisle width should be considered a minimum because of the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
- 3. Conti… Flexibility In today's lab, the ability to expand, reconfigure, and permit multiple uses has become a key concern. The following should be considered to achieve this: Flexible Lab Interiors Equipment zones Generic labs Mobile casework—This can be comprised of mobile tables and mobile base cabinets. It allows researchers to configure and fit out the lab based on their needs as opposed to adjusting to pre-determined fixed casework.
- 4. Conti… Flexible partitions—These can be taken down and put back up in another location Flexible Engineering Systems Labs should have easy connects/disconnects at walls and ceilings to allow for fast and affordable hook up of equipment.
- 5. Conti… Building Systems Distribution Concepts Interstitial Space: An interstitial space is a separate floor located above each lab floor. All services and utilities are located here where they drop down to service the lab below. This system has a high initial cost but it allows the building to accommodate change very easily without interrupting the labs.
- 6. B- Engineering Considerations Structural Systems • Framing depth and effect on floor-to-floor height; • Ability to coordinate framing with lab modules • Potential for vertical or horizontal expansion; Vibration criteria and Cost.
- 7. Different section of Diagnostic laboratory
- 8. Laboratory Design Considerations. Walls/Doors/Security The laboratory shall be completely separated from outside areas (i.e., must be bound by four walls). Having enclosed laboratories will help contain spills, keep unauthorized personnel from entering areas where hazardous operations are performed. The laboratory shall have means of securing specifically regulated materials. Having secured hazardous materials storage will keep unauthorized personnel from gaining access to them.
- 9. Sinks Each laboratory must contain a sink for hand washing. Laboratory sinks shall have lips that protect sink drains from spills. Chemical/Waste Storage Chemical storage shelves shall not be placed above laboratory sinks. Sufficient space or facilities shall be provided so that incompatible chemicals/gases can be physically separated and stored. Windows If the laboratory has windows that open, they must be fitted with insect screens.
- 10. Furniture Design, Location, and Exit Paths All furniture must be sturdy. All work surfaces (e.g., bench tops and counters) must be impervious to the chemicals used EXIT Clear aisles and exits are necessary to facilitate departure in the event of an emergency. The laboratory doors shall be automatically self- closing. Illumination. Laboratory areas shall be provided adequate natural or artificial illumination to ensure sufficient visibility for operational safety.
- 11. Clean ability. The laboratory shall be designed so that it can be easily cleaned. Bench tops must . Break rooms The design of the laboratory building must incorporate adequate additional facilities for food storage/consumption and personal hygiene tasks. The lab may have several pieces of equipment, which require large amounts of electrical current. Such items include freezers, biosafety cabinets, centrifuges, and incubators. Electrical Plumbing Auxiliary valves for gas and vacuum lines should be located outside the lab.
- 12. •Biosecurity area. •Reception for collecting samples for test. •Waiting Areas •Postmortem area •Bacteriology section •Hematology section •Elisa test section •PCR section Different portions of Diagnostic laboratory Biosecurity section Safety gowns Gloves Gum shoes Foot dips Mask Air filters Head masks
- 13. Reception of laboratory •Internal use . •Communicable receptionist. •The laboratory reception is clearly marked with the appropriate signage. Customer waiting room •Sitting chairs. •Refreshment. •T.V or news paper . Laboratory office work section Record keeping Research purpose Addresses and contacts For result.
- 14. . Instruments used in different labs
- 15. Instruments used in microbiology Instrument sterilizers Used to sterilize instruments in absence of an autoclave Dressing drums storage of gowns, cotton, linen, etc. The microscope used for visualizing minute structures including microbes. Various stains used to stain microscopic slides to get contrast Hot air oven used in sterilizing instruments for various aseptic procedures, specially if that can not be autoclaved like powders. Koch's steam sterilizer used for steam sterilization A pressure cooker used as a portable autoclave. Biological and chemical indicators Used to ascertain if a certain process has been completed, e.g. spores used in an autoclave are killed if autoclaving is properly done. Filters: Candle filter: used as household water filters and as filters for large particles in the laboratories.
- 16. Conti… Disk filter previously used as bacteriological filters; presently obsolete Sintered glass filter used as a good particle filter in laboratories. Membrane filter and Syringe filter used as primary bacterial/cell filters in procedure as toxin, immunoglobulin, etc. production, where the product gets denatured on heating. Air filter like HEPA filter, used in various laboratories and clean rooms to produce lamellar air flow. Radiation: Gamma ray source used in sterilization of heat-labile products like plastic or rubber syringes, catheters and gloves. X-ray source
- 17. Conti… •Infrared light source •Ultraviolet light source Inspissator used to produce culture media for bacteriology that contain egg or serum, which coagulate on heating. Tyndallizer a process of sterilization from spore bearing bacteria; vide link Water bath to heat things uniformly from all sides at a set temperature up to the boiling point of water. Needle Destroyer Burns the needle electrically either cuts the syringe manually or burns it electrically Sharps container A imperforable container for sharp wastes like needles, blades, microscope slides, broken glass, etc. Cardboard biomedical waste containers Reusable tubs
- 18. Conti… Colour coded biomedical waste bags (India) Yellow plastic bags for human anatomical, animal, microbiological and soiled waste. Red disinfected container or plastic bags microbiological waste, solid waste(IV tubes, catheters, etc.) Blue or White plastic bag or puncture proof containers sharps, disposable tubing, etc. Black Plastic bag or puncture proof containers discarded medicines, incineration ash, chemical waste Disinfectants for cleaning Incinerators to burn biomedical wastes like removed body parts, blood, gauze, linen, etc.
- 19. This section is specified for biopsy, postmortem and tissue processing. Disinfection of the surfaces and proper disposing off of the waste is essential Pathology section
- 20. •Incubator •Haemacytometers with red and white pipettes •Haemoglobinometers, Sahili’type •Sedimentation apparatus-one wester green and one wintrobole •Syringes disposable one set from 10 cc to 2cc 30 of each. •Staining jars for slides. •Urinometers •Urine Glasset (Conical) •Centrifuge tubes graduated •Crucible with china ltd. •Crucible Gooch with adapter •Graduated cylinders for various capacities ranging from 100 cc to 1000 cc. . •Pipettes of various sizes, graduated sets •Reagent bottles. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LABORATORY REQUIRMENTS
- 21. List of Equipment and Instruments •ctangular water bath •Centrifuge machine electric Rotofix •Colorimeter Photoelectric Klett. •Cabinet for 1000 slides •Band saw •Autopsy tables •Automatic tissue processor, •Histokinmettee or similar, complete •Staining racks for staining in bulk •Troughs for staining in bulk •Coplin jars •Water bath electric (Tissue Floatation •Balance, Chemical with weights •Microscopes •condenser •Oil immersion •Polarising attachments for microscopes •Dropping bottles •Reagents •Balances 1) Sensitive balance Chemical balance with weight boxes •Magnifying lens •Blood pressure instrument •Hot plat electric •Laboratory Counter nine keys clay Adams •Automatic timer •Balance for weighing organs •Saws, wire for cutting bones
- 22. ELISA section Sensitive section more care is required. Commercial kits and serum, blood samples are processed. PCR section Thermo cycler, processing of DNA,RNA samples. Primers, enzymes, and other essential solutions are managed in this section. Bacteriology section Bacterial culture, staining, biochemical tests, media preparation and management. Storage, incubation of samples. Sterilization, autoclaving procedure are present in this section
- 23. Parasitology section Specified section for parasites associated diagnosis. Fecal, blood skin etc are managed and processed
- 24. EQUIPMENT IN THE PARASITOLOGY LABORATORY •Refrigerator •Autoclave •Cleaning safety hoods •Stains •Reagents •Stereoscopic •Centrifuge machine •Fume Hood •Safety Cabin •Microscope •incubators •Weighing balance •Beakers •Refrigerator . . . . • Haemoglobinometers, Sahili’type • Sedimentation apparatus-one wester green and one wintrobole • Syringes disposable one set from 10 cc to 2cc 30 of each. • Staining jars for slides. • Crucible Gooch with adapter • Graduated cylinders for various capacities ranging from 100 cc to 1000 cc. . • Pipettes of various sizes, graduated sets • Reagent bottles.