Scenario for Assignments 1-3 Assume that you are the curricu.docx

Scenario for Assignments 1-3
Assume that you are the curriculum designer for a school
district. The school board has requested that several teams
develop proposals for new curricula to meet newly established
state standards. You and your team must develop the first
proposal to provide as a pilot or model for the other teams. You
have to first identify a specific curriculum area not currently
used in the school district that would greatly benefit the
students in the district. Use the Internet or the Strayer Library
as well as your textbook to develop a pilot curriculum for a
specific discipline area (reading, math, science, etc.) or grade
level (K-12) at a local school district.
Assignment 3: Curriculum Development and Implementation
Due Week 9 and worth 300 points
Write an eight to ten (8-10) page paper in which you:
Summarize the following aspects of Assignments 1 and 2:
Describe the specific curriculum area and grade level(s) for the
pilot curriculum
Describe at least four (4) core instructional goals for the
curriculum
Review the various approaches to be used for the planned
curriculum as well as potential cultural influences

Review the strategy for incorporating critical thinking skills
into the planned curriculum using Bloom’s Taxonomy
Develop at least three (3) student learning outcomes for each of
the core instructional goals in the planned curriculum. (
Note:
Student learning outcomes must support accomplishment of
their respective core instructional goal and be stated in a
manner that is observable and measurable. The student learning
outcomes must also support development of critical thinking
skills consistent with Bloom’s Taxonomy. A brief article on
writing student learning outcomes or objectives, "Writing
learning objectives: Beginning with the end in mind," may be
found
here
.
Outline a least one (1) instructional lesson or exercise that
could be used to facilitate mastery of one of the three (3)
student learning outcomes listed. (
Note:
The instructional lesson outline should include instructor
activities to promote mastery of the learning outcome and
develop critical thinking skills. The outline should also include
student activities that promote critical thinking and
accomplishment of the learning outcome.)
Propose at least one (1) way the students for which the lesson is
designed will use technology as part of the lesson, providing a
rationale for the technology.
Propose at least one (1) way in which technology will be used
to deliver the lesson, providing a rationale for the technology.

Create an implementation plan for the curriculum in the form of
a PowerPoint presentation of at least eight (8) slides. Include
(a) a summary of the development process (Assignments 1 and
2), (b) the instruction lesson outline, (c) an implementation
timetable, and (d) the human and capital resources needed for
successful implementation. (
Note:
The PowerPoint, which is not part of the page count, will be
presented to the District School Board.)
Use at least three (3) relevant, scholarly references published in
the last seven (7) years. (May use references already used in
this paper.) (
Note:
Wikipedia and other non-government Websites do not qualify
as scholarly resources. Review the supplementary readings list
on the first page of the course guide for possible references.)
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size
12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references
must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your
professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the
student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the
date. The cover page, PowerPoint presentation, and the
reference page are not included in the required assignment page
length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this
assignment are:

Identify the key elements of curriculum design and
development.
Compare the philosophical foundations of curriculum.
Consider how psychological foundations play a role in the
development of curriculum.
Analyze the relationship of social foundations to K-12
curriculum.
Develop the strategies and techniques to support curriculum
planning.
Design curriculum plan for a current or future school setting.
Create implementation approaches for curriculum.
Use technology and information resources to research issues in
curriculum planning.
Write clearly and concisely about curriculum design and
development using proper writing mechanics.
Paper 1
Curriculum Inception [for the School District of Philadelphia]

School District of Philadelphia
Geographical Location
The School District of Philadelphia is [one] the of largest public
school district[s] in the United States. This district has control
over 214 schools in the city and enrollment has soared to over
200,000 students. Its highest number of schools is found in
elementary classrooms with 149 schools, High school has about
49 schools and middle school has 16. Philadelphia also has
charter schools that independently run themselves but will
report to the Philadelphia School District.
Demographics of Student Population and Cultural Influences
Currently[,] 200,000 students are enrolled in the Philadelphia
School District. Throughout the district, Spanish speakers are
the most significant group speaking another language other than
English. More than half of the number of students in the district
speak Spanish in the district. [There are] 107 languages are
spoken by students in the variety of grade levels, and schools.
The other languages include Arabic, Mandarin Chinese,
Vietnamese, Russian, Khmer, Creoles and many more.
State Policies and Practices Related to Curriculum Development
There are various state policies designed to improve curriculum
development; such as a curriculum audit; a curriculum audit
assists the school district in establishing if the curriculum in
place [is] aligned to the objectives of the [states] and if the
curriculum is adopted in a class by the teachers (Partelow &
Shapiro, 2018). The curriculum is vital to the education that the
students receive[;] hence, establishing what and when they are
taught is essential, in the sense that a curriculum that is of high
quality will positively reflect on the student. This policy is on

the same page as evaluating the effectiveness of the curriculum
and not just alignment, which helps in the development of the
best curriculum.
Specific Discipline and Grade Level for Pilot Curriculum
The discipline for the pilot curriculum is the K-12 Science
Education, which is a broad discipline and exciting at the same
time. It is essential to understand that the science curriculum
Science education goes with instruction, assessment and teacher
development. Science education is the field in education that is
involved with sharing of science process and content with
individuals, mostly students that are not considered to be part of
the science community. In this case, the learners might be
college students, children or adults that
[TML2]
are among the general population. The science education field
encompasses works in science process that is the scientific
method, science content, teaching pedagogy and social science.
There are standards for science education that provide the basis
for the development of proper understanding for the students the
entire K-12 education course and other levels of education. The
conventional subjects in the standards are life, physical, earth
human sciences and space.
K-12 [is] the level that this pilot curriculum is focusing on it is
also essential to describe it, K-12 is a used educational
technology and education in Canada and the United States in
addition to other countries (Rouse, 2019). It is somehow a short
form for the school grades that are publicly supported that come
before college. The publicly-supported grades include the (K)
that stands for Kindergarten and the twelve grades that go from
1st to 12th grade (1-12). Whereby after the 12th grade follows
is, college and hypothetically speaking the first year of college
would be the 13th grade if
[TML3]

this system was to extend to college. Also, something to note is
that modern information technology is provided at the K-12
level in our communities that use the K-12 model.
For this particular assignment, just choose 1-2 grade levels but
not Pre-K to 12th. You will be designing a lesson plan in Week
9 so you have to be specific with this lesson plan or you will be
designing for all grade levels.
Rationale [t]hat Proposes Three [B]enefits to [t]he Students
The alignment of the framework of this K-12 curriculum, there
are other aspects outside the curriculum, that could be
considered and at the same time not addressed in the
framework.
[TML4]
Through the elements of the science curriculum, there are
specific areas such as discussion and reflection, which are part
of the curriculum. Through this aspect's students can come and
establish the fact that scientific inquiry encompasses some
values. These values will then benefit them in future even if
they are applied in a scientific field, for instance;
Respect for the Importance of Logical thinking; this is an aspect
that is spread through the science units. Through the
experiments and historical evaluations of the branches of
science. Logical thinking it is something that is required for nay
individuals, which is a good thing that this curriculum can
develop this at the K-12 grade level while the students are still
young.
Open-mindedness[:] this is a crucial factor in our current
society with the various issue with gender, politics and other
societal topics. Hence[,] the development of such skills through
the curriculum will be necessary for the students, as they will
develop this from the class to real life situations such as when

they join college, and suddenly everything is not the same.
Honest report findings[:] this is another beneficial aspect that
the students can get from the science curriculum. In the sense
that in some way, it will develop individuals with integrity,
which is a vital factor for the next generation as a lack of
integrity is what ails our current age.
The science-education curriculum is supposed to consider the
students, mainly because the curriculum in place is not
sufficient for their development through the K-12 grade level.
Hence the above three benefits are some of the benefits the
students will get from the pilot-curriculum program.
[TML5]
Benefits: Proficient 80-89% B 24.28 points
Four Instructional Goals of the Curriculum
Albert Einstein said education has the goal "to produces
independently thinking and acting Individuals."
[TML6]
Science education, on the other hand, has the aim to produce
capable individuals [who] evaluate and understand information
that is or claims to be scientific and therefore creating
motivated and skills future scientists in every field (Forman et
al. 2015). The curriculum was based on this principle, and
consequently[,] it has Instructional Goals which are to produce
proficient students in Science[.];
That has the knowledge, utilise and interpret the natural world's
scientific Interpretation.
[TML7]
Meaning that they have the extensive scientific experience, that
can be established through reading lessons, to at least have a

clue about the various science units such as the earth, plants and
human sciences. The general scientific knowledge is the first
step that each student is anticipated to have in this pilot
curriculum.
Who can evaluate and generate scientific explanation and
evidence? [This] can be achieved through the experiments that
are set aside for the practical lessons. The main aim of the
practical lessons is to give the students the feel of scientific
tests aimed at getting scientific evidence.
That can appropriate the development and nature of scientific
knowledge and at the same time, participate proficiently in
scientific discourse and practices. In other words, the
curriculum is designed to ensure that the students enjoy science
as a subject; of course, it is not for every student. But it will
propel those interested in having enthusiasm about science. This
is because students who [are] interest[ed] and passion[ate] in
the subject have a better shot at being productive in scientific
practices.
[TML8]
Goals: Fair 70-79% C 6.3 (3.5%)–7.18 (3.99%) points
Grammar: Fair 70-79% C 12.6 (7%)–14.38 (7.99%) points
You need to take the time to proofread your work for errors.
You have grammatical errors throughout your document. I will
not highlight all the errors in your paper. You need to take the
time to proofread your work more.
References
Only sources cited in the body paragraphs can be listed in the
references section. Hamilton, for instance, was not mentioned in

your paper. Therefore, you cannot list this source in the
References section.
School District of Philadelphia. 2018 July 23rd. Retrieved from
https://www.philasd.org/about/
Curriculum Reform in the Nation’s Largest School Districts by
Lisette Partelow & Sarah Shapiro. August 29th, 2018. Retrieved
from
https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/education-k-
12/reports/2018/08/29/454705/curriculum-reform-nations-
largest-school-districts/
K-12 by Margaret Rouse. May 28th, 2019. Retrieved from
https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/K-12
Forman, J., Gubbins, E. J., Villanueva, M., Massicotte, C.,
Callahan, C., & Tofel-Grehl, C. (2015). National Survey of
STEM High Schools' Curricular and Instructional Strategies and
Practices.
NCSSS Journal
,
20
(1), 8-19.
Hamilton, L. S., Stecher, B. M., & Yuan, K. (2017).
Creating an Indicator of K-12 Classroom Coverage of Science,
Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) Content and
Practices
. RAND Corporation.
PAPER 2

Introduction
The curriculum is considered the soul of any education systems
of society (Tyler, 2013). The phenomenon defines all processes
that take place in an education system. It is the guideline of
what facilitators should offer to their learners to ensure that the
goals of education of the state are achieved. For this case, the
school district of Philadelphia is among the most prominent
public school district in the United States. This insinuates that
the country relies on the District for the production of
competent and independent citizens.
Since the curriculum determines the quality of education that
the learners are exposed to, the quality curriculum is inevitable.
Quality is assured through development aimed at correcting
glitches identified. This paper will provide a curriculum pilot
model for the K-1&2 grade based on science education.
Summary of Assignment One.
As the most significant public school district in the United
States, the population is characterized by different dialects
ranging from Spanish to Creoles and others. Urgent attention is
required to improve the quality of education despite the
differences. This pilot program is based on K-1&2 grades
Science education that is essential in providing scientific
knowledge to the learners. The information will be shared to
learners who are considered not to belong to the science
community.
The pilot will emphasize on human science, physical earth, the
standards of life, and space. The K -1&2 grades science
education will equip the learners with the ability to think
logically. Generally, science subjects aim at enabling learners
to think critically and reasonably about a particular
phenomenon. Experiments and the historical evaluation of the

branches of science help learners in developing the instructional
skill.
The second instructional goal is open-mindedness of the learner.
The open-mindedness of a learner is essential, as a learner can
face a real-life situation with an open mind. It helps in conflict
resolution, as the mind of the learner is flexible. The concept
has been of great importance in solving challenges associated
with gender and politics that are the common issues in society.
Open-mindedness also aids in the development of interpersonal
skills required in school and future life for interaction.
Science is based on facts that can be empirically proved. This
call for the submission of precise results used to back the
findings. Through presentation of the honest results, the
learners will develop the virtue of integrity. Science findings
cannot be compromised. This will encourage learners to submit
honest information.
A curriculum is accompanied by the instructional goals that the
learning process should be exhibit through the learners. The
instructional purposes are the observable characteristics that
students demonstrate after following the instructions. For this
case, the curriculum will produce students who are proficient in
science. The nature of science education will aid this that
learners should evaluate and understand any scientific
information. In the end, the curriculum will produce a motivated
scientist for the nation. Secondly, the students will interpret the
occurrences of the world scientifically as they will have learned
the best methods of interpreting information on a scientific
basis. The students will have an understanding of concepts such
as planets, plants, etc.
Third, the students will come up with scientific evidence. The
skills will be developed through the practical lessons taken in
the classes. The feeling of experimental tests will motivate

learners. Finally, the student will enjoy learning the science
subjects through various units, thereby assisting in the
development of scientific knowledge that will be exhibited by
the understanding of concepts.
Approach to Curriculum Development
There are various approaches used in the designing and
implementation of a curriculum, which is humanistic, system,
and behavioral approach. The approach to be employed is
defined by the goal and objectives of the particular curriculum.
In this case, the behavioral approach will be utilized. The
approach has a deep-rooted history in education, as Fredrick
Taylor claims. It is the best approach used in scientific and
technical disciplines. This makes it more applicable to the
development of the K-1&2 grades science curriculum (Preedy,
1989).
The requirement of the curriculum to fulfill the discussed
instructional goal makes the behavioral approach more
applicable. Generally, the approach requires that any process
undertaken by the learner should be observable. It is the case of
the instructional goals is. The second requirement in the
approach is that; learning processes should be founded on
scientific principles such as empiricism, rationalism, and
skepticism. Skepticism will be used in the production of
proficient science students who van understand the occurrences
in the world.
Empiricism will be essential in providing empirical evidence
required for the understanding of scientific concepts. The
principle will be used in the generation of evidence that is a
requirement for most studies. Rationalism requires that students
will use logics I the understanding of scientific concepts. It is
through this principle that the student will use to enjoy their
studies in the respective units in science (Preedy, 1989).

Philosophical/Theoretical Approach to Curriculum Development
In this case, scientific studies are associated with finding the
truth using the readily available evidence. Scientists dispute the
reasoning that the ultimate is not prevalent as it is in the case of
idealism. Idealists perceive that reality is a construct of the
mind that is not as constant as the mind of an individual varies
from one person to another. Since the curriculum to be
implemented is based on a scientific approach, the philosophical
approach of realism will be employed. Claims that an absolute
reality exists backs up the approach (Priestley & Minty, 2013).
Realism has been used in the study of the world through
scientific principles. In this case, the learners will learn about
the planet, the plants, and other scientific phenomena that exist
in the globe. To conceptualize the concepts, they should be
ready to view the world using a realistic approach. Logical
reasoning is an instructional objective in the curriculum; in the
case of realism, logical processes are used to explain particular
occurrences. This requires learners to logically evaluate the
processes to understand (Priestley & Minty, 2013).
Realism helps learners in understanding the environment. The
relationship between human beings and the nature of the world
should be explained through this ideology. Practical processes
will be used to make the students understand concepts through
practical lessons that aim at equipping the learners with skills
required for availing empirical evidence regarding the ideas
(Priestley & Minty, 2013).
A Psychological, Motivational Approach to Curriculum
Development
Psychology has been essential in the learning processes. It is
the instrument used to study the behavior of human beings.

Since education aims at molding or modifying the behavior of
the learner, the concept is efficiently used in the evaluation.
Education psychology has been essential in the development of
aims, objectives, and goals of an education program. In this
case, the behavioral will be used.
Philosophers such as Thorndike and Skinner proposed it.
According to the theory, all activities that human beings engage
in are regarded as behaviors. Instructional objectives aim at
changing the behavior of the learners. Therefore, their character
traits after the learning process should be evaluated (Ormrod et
al., 2006).
The theory will be essential in the development of the
curriculum as according to the behaviorists, human learning is
highly influenced by the external and internal factor of a
system. In this case, the learning process is influenced by the
relationship prevalent between the learner and the facilitator.
The theory also called for the stipulation of the desired goal
before beginning to teach the students. Rewards are a better
reinforcement strategy that should be used to encourage the
learners to continue working hard (Ormrod et al., 2006).
The approach is in line with the science curriculum as science is
based on empirical evidence that will be availed through the
behavior of the student. The instructional objectives are also
behavior-based. Therefore, this psychological approach will be
efficient in the developing of the curriculum.
The Cultural Influence that has the Most Significant Impact on
the School District
The way of life of an individual has a high impact on the
education process. Curriculum developers aim at providing a
clear presentation of the society through the school. Therefore,
a society characterized by the diverse individual may be

problematic to the curriculum designers as they try to provide a
sample of it through the school. School. Different communities
that do not use a common language of instruction characterize
the Philadelphia School District. In this case, learners do not
use English.
The language used has a significant impact on the learning
process as it is used as the language of instruction. Apart from
the Spanish who make the highest population in the District,
other minor languages are prevalent. Spanish is also used is a
language of instruction in the United States. The problem
emerges as the other languages are not used that is Mandarin
Chinese, creoles, Vietnamese, among others.
An Effective way to Integrate the Cultural Influence into the
Planned Curriculum
Since the school should be a depiction of the society, the
curriculum needs to develop a multilingual curriculum that will
accommodate all the languages. Learners understand concepts
better when their natural language of instruction is used. In this
case, the facilitators need to understand the different significant
languages that are internationally recognized as the language of
instructions. Among the languages, in this case, including
Arabic, Spanish English, and Russian.
Understanding the major languages will assist the facilitators in
efficient content delivery. Elements can only experiment in
their natural setting for the active collection of information. The
behavior of the learners in Grades 1 and 2 would only be
examined through their native language that they learn
intrinsically and naturally. The instructional goals are based on
the behavior exhibited by the learners after the learning process;
using a multilingual designed curriculum will be essential. The
design will, therefore, be learner-centered, which is the best
approach (Meier,2014).

Strategy for Incorporating Critical Thinking Skills
The facilitators develop critical thinking skills through the
teaching strategies they employ. In the case of this curriculum,
providing a free learning environment will provide the learners
with the sufficient time required for the evaluation of particular
concepts (Hooks, 2010). Through this element, learners will be
able to recall simple facts about scientific concepts learned. The
freedom will also help the learners to comprehend concepts
effectively.
The essential element in the cognitive approach used in
facilitating creative thinking is applied. The freedom allows the
learners to apply the concepts they have learned in real-life
occurrences. Since science involves the learning of processes,
learners will be required to analyze, synthesize, and evaluate
ideas.
Science is complex, and grades 1 and 2 learners need to
associate with the world freely to understand it. This will
involve learners, as they are curious; therefore, they will ask
questions about a particular phenomenon. This will require the
facilitator to provide a logical rationale that can be supported
by an experiment to validate the findings, which are the
instructional goals.
The Rationale for the Strategy
Learners in the lower levels learn basic numeracy and literacy
skills. This I because their cognitive elements are still
developing, thereby making it hard for them to learn complex
subjects as it is in the case of science. In this stage, learners are
curious as they try to understand the world. Providing a free
learning environment based on the science curriculum will give
ample time for the learner to associate with the environment.

References
Hooks, B. (2010).
Teaching critical thinking: Practical wisdom
. New York: Routledge.
Meier, G. (2014). Our Mother Tongue is Plurilingualism: A
Framework of Orientations for Integrated Multilingual
Curricula.
The multilingual turn in languages education. Bristol
, 132-157.
Ormrod, J. E., Anderman, E. M., & Anderman, L. H. (2006).
Educational psychology: Developing learners.
Preedy, M. (Ed.). (1989).
Approaches to curriculum management
. Philadelphia: Open University Press.
Priestley, M., & Minty, S. (2013). Curriculum for Excellence:
'A brilliant idea, but...'.
Scottish Educational Review
,
45
(1), 39-52.
Tyler, R. W. (2013). Basic principles of curriculum and
instruction. In
Curriculum Studies Reader E2
(pp. 60-68). Routledge.

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