Automatic room light controller with bidirectional visitor counter

1
User Defined Problem
On
“Automatic Room Light Controller with
Bidirectional Visitor Counter”
By
Krunal M. Makwana (116050311031)
Vatsal N. Bodiwala (116050311034)
Supervisors
Mr. J. M. Patel
Lecturer, E. & C. Engg. Department,
B.B.I.T., Vallabh Vidyanagar.
Mr. M. P. Shah
Lecturer, E. & C. Engg. Department,
B.B.I.T, Vallabh Vidyanagar
A Project Report Submitted to
Gujarat Technological University
In Partial Full fillment of the Requirements for
The Degree of Diploma of Engineering in E. & C. Engineering
May,2014
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT
BHAILALBHAI & BHIKHABHAI INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY,
V.V.NAGAR – 388120

2
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify Mr. Krunal M. Makwana from 605- B. & B. Institute of
Technology, Vallabh Vidyanagar college having Enrollment No.
116050311031has completed Report on the Circuit designing / Semester VI
Project Report / Final Project Report having title “Automatic room light
controller with bidirectional visitor counter” in a group consisting of 2
persons under the guidance of the Faculty Guide Mr. M.P.Shah.
Institute Guide H. O. D.
(Mr. M.P.SHAH) (Mr. M. Y. KANTHARIA)

3
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify Mr. Vatsal N. Bodiwala from 605- B. & B. Institute of
Technology, Vallabh Vidyanagar college having Enrollment No.
116050311034has completed Reporton the Circuit designing / Semester VI
Project Report / Final Project Report having title “Automatic room light
controller with bidirectional visitor counter” in a group consisting of 2
persons under the guidance of the Faculty Guide Mr.M.P.Shah.
Institute Guide H. O. D.
(Mr. M.P.SHAH) (Mr. M. Y. KANTHARIA)

4
Before we get into the thick of things, we present our wholehearted compliments,
with higher regards and warm thanks to one and all, who were the bone behind the sinews of
this project.
We give all glory and honour to Almighty God whose blessings and help made this
endeavour a success.
Our first thanks goes to our project guide Prof. Muktesh shah for paying regular
attention & motivate us enthusiastically to complete our project. We wish to express our deep
sense of gratitude to Prof. Mukul Kantharia (H.O.D EC Dept.) for providing us liberal
encouragement and moral support not only during project also in studies successfully.
We found the knowledge given by them is extremely helpful and almost important.
The knowledge gained by us will be always with us and this will help us for developing our
carrier. Lastly, our thanks go to colleagues and friends for their co-operation.
ACKNOWLEDEGMENT

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This Project ―”Automatic Room Light Controller with Bidirectional Visitor
Counter” is a reliable circuit that takes over the task of controlling the room lights as well us
counting number of persons / visitors in the room very accurately.
When somebody enters into the room then the counter is incremented by one and the
light in the room will be switched ON and when any one leaves the room then the counter is
decremented by one.
The light will be only switched OFF until all the persons in the room go out. The total
number of persons inside the room is also displayed on the seven segment displays. The
microcontroller does the above job. It receives the signals from the sensors, and this signal is
operated under the control of software which is stored in ROM. Microcontroller AT89S52
continuously monitor the Infrared Receivers. When any object pass through the IR Receiver's
then the IR Rays falling on the receivers are obstructed. This obstruction is sensed by the
Microcontroller.
ABSTRACT

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It is true the technical studies cannot be perfect without practical training and perfection
is basic necessity of a student. A technical student is like a coin. It has two sides; one is
theoretical knowledge and the other practical knowledge.
Both are important, but practical knowledge is more important. With the wide spread of
electronics in day to day bidirectional visitor counters is used count that how many persons in
the auditorium, hall, room, offices, malls, sports venue, etc.
Whole circuit has been explained in simple language with their operation & working. We
are hoped that our project would prove helpful to common persons, also in helpful in world
that develop the new technology day per day.
PREFACE

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CH:1 INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT 8
PROJECT OBJECTIVE
CH:2 BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM & ITS DECRIPTION 13
CH:3 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM 15
CH:4 PCB LAYOUT 20
CH:5 LIST OF COMPONENTS & ITS DESCRIPTION 21
CH:6 PROJECT FLOW CHART & PROGRAMING 27
CH:7 FUTURE EXPANSION 35
CH:8 APPLICATION,ADVANTAGES & 36
DISADVANTAGES
CH:9 REFERENCES 37
INDEX

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Chapter :1
Introduction of Project

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Project title is ―AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH
BIDIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER‖.
The objective of this project is to make a controller based model to count number
of persons visiting particular room and accordingly light up the room. Here we can use sensor
and can know present number of persons.
In today’s world, there is a continuous need for automatic appliances .With the
increase in standard of living, there is a sense of urgency for developing circuits that would
ease the complexity of life.
Also if at all one wants to know the number of people present in room so as not to
have congestion, this circuit proves to be helpful.
Introduction of Project

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1.1 Project Definition:
Project title is “AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH
BIDIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER “.
The objective of this project is to make a controller based model to count number of
persons visiting particular room and accordingly light up the room. Here we can use sensor
and can know present number of persons.
In today’s world, there is a continuous need for automatic appliances with the increase
in standard of living, there is a sense of urgency for developing circuits that would ease the
complexity of life.
Also if at all one wants to know the number of people present in room so as not to have
congestion. This circuit proves to be helpful.
Automatic Room Light Controller with Bidirectional Visitor Counter is a reliable
circuit that takes over the task of counting number of persons/ visitors in the room passing
through a single door and also turns ON the room light when there is at-least one person in
the room and turns OFF when the room is empty. The total number of persons inside the
room is displayed on seven segment display. We can use any other appliance like fan or
anything else instead of the light.

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1.2 Project Overview:
This Project “Automatic Room Light Controller with Visitor Counter using
Microcontroller is a reliable circuit that takes over the task of controlling the room lights as
well us counting number of persons/ visitors in the room very accurately.
When somebody enters into the room then the counter is incremented by one and the
light in the room will be switched ON and when any one leaves the room then the counter is
decremented by one. The light will be only switched OFF until all the persons in the room go
out.
The total number of persons inside the room is also displayed on the seven segment
displays. The microcontroller does the above job. It receives the signals from the sensors, and
this signal is operated under the control of software which is stored in ROM. Microcontroller
AT89S52 continuously monitor the Infrared Receivers, When any object pass through the IR
Receiver's then the IR Rays falling on the receiver are obstructed , this obstruction is sensed
by the Microcontroller.

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1.3 Project Objective:
This project is not limited to a specific application or a specific operating
environment, but it can be easily implemented wherever such an application is needed. This
circuit uses a microcontroller which ensures the flexibility of the circuit, due to which this
circuit can easily be integrated or assembled with other modules or circuits where ever
required. All the components required are readily available in the market and the circuit is
easy to build. The significant feature of this project is that it detects the entry and exit of
visitors from a single door itself.
The aim of this project is to count the objects (persons) entering and leaving the
room and also switch the room light accordingly. If we consider an office or a conference hall
or any other room, we need to turn on the lights whenever anybody enters the room. This is
true even in the day time at some places like conference halls or offices where a good
brightness levels are desired. Also, the lights should be turned off by the last person leaving
the room. The problem is, when the first person is entering a room, he should search for
switch board and then for the right set of switches among hundreds of switches corresponding
to lights fans, etc of the conference hall. This is a daunting task. While leaving the hall, we
cannot guarantee that the last person turns off the lights. Even if he attempts to do it, he again
faces the problem the first person had faced. We should not expect them to do that work
going through the switching rigmaroles.
To avoid this problem, we have made a circuit which automatically switches
ON/OFF the room light depending on the number of people in the room. This circuit keeps
track of number of visitors. If the number of visitors is greater than zero, then it turns ON all
the lights. Else, it turns OFF all the lights automatically. It does not require any manual
intervention.

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CHAPTER :- 2
BLOCKDIAGRAM AND ITS DESCRIPTION

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2.1 Block Diagram:-
(Fig. 2.1 Basic Block Diagram)

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2.2Block Diagram Description:-
The basic block diagram of the bidirectional visitor counter with automatic light controller is
shown in the above figure. Mainly this block diagram consists of the following essential
blocks.
1. Power Supply
2. Entry and Exit sensor circuit
3. AT 89S52 micro-controller
4. Relay driver circuit
1. Power Supply:-
Here we used +12V and +5V dc power supply. The main function of this
block is to provide the required amount of voltage to essential circuits. +12voltage is given.
+12V is given to relay driver. To get the +5V dc power supply we have used here IC 7805,
which provides the +5V dc regulated power supply.
2. Enter and Exit Circuits:-
This is one of the main parts of our project. The main intention of this block is
to sense the person. For sensing the person and light we are using the light dependent
egister(LDR). By using this sensor and its related circuit diagram we can count the persons.
3. 89S52 Microcontroller:-
It is a low-power, high performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller
with8KB of Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory (PEROM). THE device is
manufactured using Atmel’s high-density non volatile memory technology and is compatible
with the MCS-51TMinstruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program
memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional non volatile memory
programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bitCPU with Flash on a monolithic hip, the
AtmelAT89S52 is a powerful.
4. Relay Driver Circuit:-
This block has the potential to drive the various controlled devices. In this
block mainly we are using the transistor and the relays. One relay driver circuit we are using
to control the light. Output signal from AT89S52 is given to the base of the transistor.

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CHAPTER: - 3
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM &CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

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CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION:-
There are two main parts of the circuits.
3.1.Transmission Circuit (Infrared LEDs)
3.2. Receiver Circuit (Sensors)

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3.1 Transmission circuit:-
(Fig. 3.1 Transmitter circuit)

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TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION:-
This circuit diagram shows a 555 timer IC, configured to function as a basic actable
multivibrator. The stable multivibrator generates square wave, the period of which is
determined by the circuit external to IC 555. The astable multivibrator does not require any
external trigger change the state of the output. Hence the name free running oscillator. The
time during which the output is either high or low is determined by the two resistors and
a capacitor which are externally connected to the 555 timer.
In this circuit, a negative pulse applied at pin 2 triggers an internal flip-flop that
turns off pin 7's discharge transistor, allowing C1 to charge up throughR1. At the same time,
the flip-flop brings the output (pin 3) level to 'high’. When capacitor C1 as charged up to
about 2/3 Vcc, the flip-flop is triggered once again, this time making the pin 3 output 'low'
and turning on pin7's discharge transistor, which discharges C1 to ground. This circuit, in
effect, produces apul seat pin 3 whose width t is just the product of R1 and C1, i.e., t=R1C1.
IR Transmission circuit is used to generate the modulated 36kHz IR signal. The
IC555 in the transmitter side is to generate 36 kHz square wave. Adjust the preset in the
transmitter to get a 38 kHz signal at the o/p. Then you point it over the sensor and its o/p will
go low when it senses the IR signal of 38 kHz.

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3.2 Receiver circuit:-
(Fig. 3.2 Receiver circuit)
Description of Receiver:-
The IR transmitter will emit modulated 38 kHz IR signal and at the
receiver we us e TSOP1738 (Infrared sensor ) . The output goes high when there is an
interruption and it return back to low after the time period determined by the capacitor and
resistor in the circuit i.e. around 1 second. CL100 is to trigger theIC555 which is configured
as monostable multivibrator.
Input is given to the Port 1of the microcontroller. Port 0 is used for the 7-Segment
display purpose. Port 2 is used for the Relay Turn On and Turn off Purpose.LTS 542
(Common Anode)is used for 7-Segment display and that time Relay will get voltage and
triggered, so light will get voltage and it will turn on and when counter will be 00and at that
time Relay will be turned off. Reset button will reset the microcontroller.

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3.3 How to place these sensors on door:
Below is the diagrammatic representation on how the two sensors should be placed on
the door frame

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CHAPTER: 4 PCB LAYOUT
RECEIVER LAYOUT:-
TRANSMITTER LAYOUT:-

23
CHAPTER: - 5
LIST OF COMPONENTS
5.1 LIST OF COMPONENTS:-
1. Microcontroller – AT89S52
2. IC – 7805
3. Sensor – TSOP 1738 (Infrared Sensor)
4. Transformer – 12-0-12, 500 mA
5. Preset – 4.7K
6. Disc capacitor – 104,33pF
7. Reset button switch
8. Rectifier diode – IN4148
9. 9.Transistor – BC 547, 2N2222
10. 7-Segment Display

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DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS
5.2 Description of Components:-
1.Microcontroller AT89S52:-
The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with
8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using
Atmel’s high density non volatile memory technology and is compatible with the Industry-
standard 80C51instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to
be reprogrammedin-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory pro- grammar. By
combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip,
the Atmel AT89S52 is apowerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-
effective solution to manyembedded control applications.
• FEATURES:-
1. 8 KB Reprogrammable flash.
2. 32 Programmable I/O lines.
3. 16 bit Timer/Counter—3.
4. 8 Interrupt sources.
5. Power range: 4V – 5.5V
6. Endurance : 1000 Writes / Erase cycles
7. Fully static operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
8. Three level program memory lock
9. Power off flag
10. Full duplex UART serial channel
11. Low power idle and power down modes
12. Interrupt recovery from power down modes
13. 256 KB internal RAM
14. Dual data pointer

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2.TSOP1738 (INFRARED SENSOR)
• Description:-
The TSOP17.. – Series are miniaturized receivers for infrared remote control systems.
PINdiode and preamplifier are assembled on lead frame, the epoxy package is designed as IR
filter.The demodulated output signal can directly be decoded by microprocessor. TSOP17... is
thestandard IR remote control receiver series, supporting allmajor transmission codes.
Features:-
1. Photo detector and preamplifier in one package
2. Internal filter for PCM frequency
3. Improved shielding against electrical field disturbance
4. TTL and CMOS compatibility
5. Output active low
6. Low power consumption
7. High immunity against ambient light
8. Continuous data transmission possible (up to 2400 bps)

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3. 555 (TIMER IC):-
• Description:-
The LM555 is a highly stable device for generating accurate time delays or
oscillation. Additional terminals are provided for triggering or resetting if desired. In the time
delay mode of operation, the time is precisely controlled by one external resistor and
capacitor. For actable operation as an oscillator, the free running frequency and duty cycle are
accurately controlled with two external resistors and one capacitor. The circuit may be
triggered and reset on falling waveforms, and the output circuit can source or sink up to
200mA or drive TTL circuits.
• Features:-
1. Direct replacement for SE555/NE555
2. Timing from microseconds through hours
3. Operates in both as table and monostable modes
4. Adjustable duty cycle
5. Output can source or sink 200 mAOutput and supply TTL compatible
6. Temperature stability better than 0.005% per °C
7. Normally on and normally off output
8. Available in 8-pin MSOP package
• Applications:-
1. Precision timing

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2. Pulse generation
3. Sequential timing
4. LTS 542 (7-Segment Display)Description:-
The LTS 542 is a 0.52 inch digit height single digit seven-segment display. This device
utilizes Hi-eff. Red LED chips, which are made from GaAsPon Gap substrate, and has ared
face and red segment.
• Features:
1. Common Anode
2. 0.52 Inch Digit Height
3. Continuous Uniform Segments
4. Low power Requirement
5. Excellent Characters Appearance

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5 .LM7805 (Voltage Regulator):-
• Description:-
The KA78XX/KA78XXA series of three-terminal positive regulator are available in
the TO-220/D-PAK package and with several fixed output voltages, making them useful in a
wide range of applications. Each type employs internal current limiting, thermal shut down
and safe operating area protection, making it essentially indestructible. If adequate heat
sinking Is provided, they can deliver over 1A output current. Although designed primarily as
fixed voltage regulators, these devices can be used with external components to obtain
adjustable voltages and currents.
• Features:-
1. Output Current up to 1A
2. Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V
3. Thermal Overload Protection
4. Short Circuit Protection
6 RELAY CIRCUIT:-

29
A single pole dabble throw (SPDT) relay is connected to port RB1 of the
microcontroller through a driver transistor. The relay requires 12 volts at a current of around
100ma, which cannot provide by the microcontroller. So the driver transistor is added. The
relay is used to operate the external solenoid forming part of a locking device or for operating
any other electrical devices. Normally there lay remains off. As soon as pin of the micro
controller goes high, the relay operates. When the relay operates and releases. Diode D2 is
the standard diode.

30
CHAPTER:6 PROJECT FLOW CHART & PROGRAMING
6.1 FLOW CHART :-
If the sensor 1 is interrupted first then the microcontroller will look for the sensor 2, and
if it is interrupted then the microcontroller will increment the count and switch on the relay, if
it is first time interrupted.
If the sensor 2 is interrupted first then the microcontroller will look for the sensor 1, and
if it is interrupted then the microcontroller will decrement the count.
When the last person leaves the room then counter goes to 0 and that time the relay
will turn off, and light will be turned off.

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6.2 PROGRAMING OF PROJECT:-
INCLUDE reg_51.pdf
RB0 EQU 000H ; Select Register Bank 0
RB1 EQU 008H ; Select Register Bank 1 ...poke to PSW to
use
DIS_A EQU P0.2
DIS_B EQU P0.3
DIS_C EQU P0.4
DIS_D EQU P0.6
DIS_E EQU P0.5
DIS_F EQU P0.1
DIS_G EQU P0.0
-
DIS1 EQU P0.7
DIS2 EQU P2.6
LIGHT EQU P2.7
SEN1 EQU P1.0
SEN2 EQU P1.1
DSEG ; This is internal data memory
ORG 20H ; Bit adressable memory
COUNT: DS 1
SPEED: DS 1
VALUE_1: DS 1
VALUE_2: DS 1
NUMB1: DS 1
NUMB2: DS 1
NUMB3: DS 1
VISITOR: DS 1
STACK DATA 3FH
CSEG AT 0 ; RESET VECTOR
;---------==========----------==========---------=========---------
; PROCESSOR INTERRUPT AND RESET VECTORS
;---------==========----------==========---------=========---------
ORG 00H ; Reset
JMP MAIN
ORG 000BH ;Timer Interrupt0
JMP REFRESH
;---------==========----------==========---------=========---------
; Main routine. Program execution starts here.
;---------==========----------==========---------=========---------
MAIN:
MOV PSW,#RB0 ; Select register bank 0
MOV SP,STACK
CLR LIGHT
32
“AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER WITH BIDIRECTIONAL VISITOR
COUNTER”
MOV VISITOR,#00H

32
MOV SPEED,#00H
MOV COUNT,#00H
MOV VALUE_1,#15H
MOV VALUE_2,#15H
CLR DIS1
CLR DIS2
MOV TMOD,#01H ;enable timer0 for scanning
MOV TL0,#00H
MOV TH0,#0FDH
SETB ET0
SETB EA
SETB TR0 ;Start the Timer
MOV VALUE_1,#00H
MOV VALUE_2,#00H
SETB SEN1
SETB SEN2
UPP: JNB SEN1,UP_COUNT
JB SEN2,UPP
MOV A,VISITOR ;DOWN COUNTING
CJNE A,#00,UAPS
CLR LIGHT
JNB SEN2,$
CALL DELAY
JB SEN1,$
CALL DELAY
JNB SEN1,$
CALL DELAY
AJMP UPP
UAPS: DEC VISITOR
MOV A,VISITOR
CJNE A,#00,UAPA
CLR LIGHT
UAPA: MOV R2,VISITOR
MOV R1,#00H
MOV R3,#00D
MOV R4,#00D
MOV R5,#00D
MOV R6,#00D
MOV R7,#00D
CALL HEX2BCD
MOV VALUE_2,R3
MOV VALUE_1,R4
JNB SEN2,$
CALL DELAY
JB SEN1,$
CALL DELAY
JNB SEN1,$
CALL DELAY
33

33
COUNTER”
AJMP UPP
UP_COUNT:
SETB LIGHT
INC VISITOR
MOV A,VISITOR
CJNE A,#99,UPPS
MOV VISITOR,#98
JNB SEN1,$
CALL DELAY
JB SEN2,$
CALL DELAY
JNB SEN2,$
CALL DELAY
AJMP UPP
UPPS: MOV R2,VISITOR
MOV R1,#00H
MOV R3,#00D
MOV R4,#00D
MOV R5,#00D
MOV R6,#00D
MOV R7,#00D
CALL HEX2BCD
MOV VALUE_2,R3
MOV VALUE_1,R4
JNB SEN1,$
CALL DELAY
JB SEN2,$
CALL DELAY
JNB SEN2,$
CALL DELAY
AJMP UPP
;**************************************************
HEX2BCD:
MOV B,#10D
MOV A,R2
DIV AB
MOV R3,B ;
MOV B,#10 ; R7,R6,R5,R4,R3
DIV AB
MOV R4,B
MOV R5,A
CJNE R1,#0H,HIGH_BYTE ; CHECK FOR HIGH BYTE
SJMP ENDD
HIGH_BYTE:
MOV A,#6
ADD A,R3
MOV B,#10
DIV AB

34
MOV R3,B
ADD A,#5
34
COUNTER”
ADD A,R4
MOV B,#10
DIV AB
MOV R4,B
ADD A,#2
ADD A,R5
MOV B,#10
DIV AB
MOV R5,B
CJNE R6,#00D,ADD_IT
SJMP CONTINUE
ADD_IT:
ADD A,R6
CONTINUE:
MOV R6,A
DJNZ R1,HIGH_BYTE
MOV B, #10D
MOV A,R6
DIV AB
MOV R6,B
MOV R7,A
ENDD: RET
;*********************************************************************
******
;&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&
; 7 SEGMENT DISPLAY ROUTINE
;&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&
DISP:
MOV R2,SPEED
CJNE R2,#00H,AAS1
CLR DIS_A
CLR DIS_B
CLR DIS_C
CLR DIS_D
CLR DIS_E
CLR DIS_F
SETB DIS_G
RET
AAS1: CJNE R2,#01H,AS2
CLR DIS_B
CLR DIS_C
SETB DIS_A
SETB DIS_D

35
SETB DIS_E
SETB DIS_F
SETB DIS_G
RET
AS2: CJNE R2,#02H,AS3
CLR DIS_A
CLR DIS_B
CLR DIS_D
CLR DIS_E
CLR DIS_G
SETB DIS_C
35
COUNTER”
SETB DIS_F
RET
CLR DIS_A
CLR DIS_B
CLR DIS_C
CLR DIS_D
CLR DIS_G
SETB DIS_E
SETB DIS_F
RET
CLR DIS_B
CLR DIS_C
CLR DIS_F
CLR DIS_G
SETB DIS_A
SETB DIS_D
SETB DIS_E
RET
CLR DIS_A
CLR DIS_C
CLR DIS_D
CLR DIS_F
CLR DIS_G
SETB DIS_B
SETB DIS_E
RET
CLR DIS_A
CLR DIS_C
CLR DIS_D
CLR DIS_E
CLR DIS_F
CLR DIS_G

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SETB DIS_B
RET
CLR DIS_A
CLR DIS_B
CLR DIS_C
SETB DIS_D
SETB DIS_E
SETB DIS_F
SETB DIS_G
RET
CLR DIS_A
CLR DIS_B
CLR DIS_C
CLR DIS_D
CLR DIS_E
CLR DIS_F
36
COUNTER”
CLR DIS_G
RET
CLR DIS_A
CLR DIS_B
CLR DIS_C
CLR DIS_D
CLR DIS_F
CLR DIS_G
SETB DIS_E
RET
AS10: CJNE R2,#15H,AS11 ;symbol for -
SETB DIS_A
SETB DIS_B
SETB DIS_C
SETB DIS_D
SETB DIS_E
SETB DIS_F
CLR DIS_G
RET
AS11: CJNE R2,#16H,AS12 ;switch off all disp
SETB DIS_A
SETB DIS_B
SETB DIS_C
SETB DIS_D
SETB DIS_E
SETB DIS_F
SETB DIS_G
RET

37
AS12: MOV SPEED,#00H
AJMP DISP
;**********************************************************
; INTRRUPT ROUTINE TO REFRESH THE DISPLAY
;**********************************************************
REFRESH:
PUSH PSW ; save current registerset
MOV PSW,#RB1
PUSH ACC
INC COUNT
MOV R4,COUNT
QA1: CJNE R4,#01H,QA2
MOV SPEED,VALUE_1
SETB DIS1
CLR DIS2
CALL DISP
AJMP DOWN
QA2: CJNE R4,#02H,QA3
MOV SPEED,VALUE_2
CLR DIS1
SETB DIS2
CALL DISP
AJMP DOWN
QA3: MOV COUNT,#01H
MOV R4,COUNT
37
COUNTER”
AJMP QA1
DOWN: MOV TL0,#0FFH
MOV TH0,#0F0H
POP ACC
POP PSW
RETI
;**********************************************************
DELAY:
MOV R1,#4FH
REP2: MOV R2,#0FFH
REP1: NOP
DJNZ R2,REP1
DJNZ R1,REP2
RET
;**********************************************************
END

38
CHAPTER:7 FUTURE EXPANSION
FUTURE EXPANSION:-
1. By using this circuit and proper power supply we can implement various applications Such
as fans, tube lights, etc.
2. By modifying this circuit and using two relays we can achieve a task of opening and
closing the door.

39
CHAPTER:8 APPLICATION,ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
Application:-
1. For counting purposes
2. For automatic room light control
Advantages:-
1. Low cost
2. Easy to use
3. Implement in single door
Disadvantages:-
1. It is used only when one single person cuts the rays of the sensor hence it cannot be
used when two person cross simultaneously.

40
CHAPTER: - 9
REFERENCES
Reference Books :-
1. Programming in ANSI C: E BALAGURUSAMY
2. The 8051microcontroller and embedded systems: MUHAMMAD ALI MAZIDI
3. JANICE GILLISPIE MAZIDI
4. The 8051 microcontroller: KENNETH J. AYALA
Website:-
1. www.datasheets4u.com
2. www.8051.com
3.Efy.Com

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