Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on height and weight. It is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters. A BMI between 19-24 is typically considered a healthy range. The document provides instructions on how to calculate BMI using a spreadsheet, including entering height in one cell and weight in another, then using a formula to divide the weight by the height squared to determine BMI. Students are asked to measure their own height and weight to calculate their BMI.