Group 15 semantic
- 1. GROUP 15 LISMA YANTI 11.10.010.745.130 HEZI HERDIKA PUTRA 11.10.010.745.048
- 2. Aspect 1. Generic and specific predications aspect is expressed primally in the predictes of sentences, but there are certain similarities. a generic sentence is one expressing a regularity, as opposed to an instance from which one infers a regularity. for example : the generalization “ the sun rises in the east “
- 3. we can distinguish generic and non generic aspect. for example : 1. a. Rabbits are rodents b. The atlactic ocean separated africa and south america. the sentence are ‘eternal truths’ statements things that we do not expect to change. 2. a. Stella seems happy. b. I have a stomachache. the sentences are about temporary states, they are bounded.
- 4. 2. Stative predicates and dynamic predicates. a. stative predicates are the predicates in these sentences. following sentences are stative and have stative predicates : o We waited. o The children were hungry o Ellen needed a dictionary. b. Dinamic predicates are the sentences report activities . following are activity sentences have dinamic predicates : o Something moved. o The sun came up. o The boat drifted along.
- 5. 3.durative and punctual. for example Albert kicked a ball and the ball struck a post Durative example: They were sitting in the last row Punctual example: They sat down in the last row
- 6. 4. Telic and Atelic Telic is achievement predicates or have end and goal. Example: Sandra was writting a letter Atelic is stative and activity predicates or do not have end or goal. Example: Josh was waiting
- 7. 5. Ingressive, Continuative, Egressive aspect Ingressive is punctual verb to express the begining Example: Yanti arrives the door Continuative is durative verb that express Example: Yelti stays at the door Egressive is punctual verb which express the end Example: Chita leaves from the door
- 8. 6. Prospective and Retrospective Prospective We call such verbs as ask and thing-of Example: We asked ronal to drive slower Jess is thinking a visiting her boyfriend Retospective Verbs like apologize and deny Example: Edu apologized for missing the meeting We denied seeing the report
- 9. 7. Some grammatical expressions of aspect if an aspectual meaning can be expressed with all-or a significant number-of the predicates of a language, the expression is grammatical. The prospective The simple present can be used in prospective sense Example: They leave next Wednesday
- 10. The perfect or Retrogresive the present perfect or present retropective, form, in affirmative statements, refers to evens that occured in the past and situations that began in the past and which are seen as relevant “now” at the present time
- 11. • There are two uses for the present restrospective the present restropective sentenses tell or ask about the duration example: The house is empty now Do you know SBY ? present restropective is used for past even or states which are presented as relevant tothe present example: i was here last Thursday, Friday and yesterday The blakes lived in singapore from 1980-1987
- 12. This time we want to compare the past tense with the present retrospective. Example: I have been here three time this months The blakes have lived in singapore but the do not live there now
- 13. the progressive the progerssive the two languages have the same semantics in the case of activities and accomplishments. They encode an event-in-progress interpretation simultanious with the moment of speech(if it is present tense). example: We are watching TV Indra is smoking Another example: Jack smokes a cigarete and he is smoking it now Jack smokes a cigarete but he is not smoking it now
- 14. We can not say Jack is smoking a cigarete and he smokes Jack is smoking a cigarete but he doesn`t smoke
- 15. THANK YOU