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How Libraries Use Publisher
Metadata
Steve Shadle
Serials Access Librarian
University of Washington Libraries
Purpose
Provide an overview of how libraries provide access to
supplier content using supplier-provided metadata in
library discovery systems
The University of Washington
Oldest public university on the West Coast (founded 1861)
Largest public university recipient of federal research
funding ($1.39 billion for FY 2014)
Total enrollment: 54,670 students
Ranked 14th among the world’s top 500 universities
(USN&WR)
54 programs ranked Top 10 in the U.S. (USN&WR)
University of Washington Libraries
Digital Library
• 600,000 licensed electronic books and 100,000 online journals
• 700,000 locally digitized items in 300 collections
• 6 million licensed journal articles downloaded
• 9 million separate sessions on Libraries’ websites
• 3 million separate log-in sessions to 300 Libraries-licensed databases
Physical Library
• 16 libraries on three campuses with 5 million visits last year
• 8 million print volumes, 6 million microforms, 20K print serials
• 1.7 million check-outs
Reference Services
• 15,000 reference questions answered online
• 45,000 reference questions answered in person
93% of faculty and graduate students rate the Libraries as making a major
contribution to their research productivity
Library Discovery Service
Central index: A collection of pre-harvested and processed
metadata and full text that comprises the searchable content of a
library discovery service
Discovery layer. The user interface and search system for
discovering, displaying, and interacting with the content in library
systems. Common features of discovery layers include:
• Single search across the central index
• Fast response time
• Relevancy-ranked results list
• Facets, sort, and other tools for refining and using the results
• Connections to full text via direct links and OpenURL
• Delivery of tangible resources
• End-user accounts and features
Athena Hoeppner. The Ins and Outs of Evaluating Web-Scale Discovery Services. Computers in Libraries, April 2012.
How Libraries Use Publisher Metadata - Crossref Community Webinar
Library Discovery Metadata
• Typically comes from many sources
• Must be mapped to an underlying set of data
elements in order to be indexed
• Data element set must be rich enough to
provide robust search
• Data must be accurate!!
Traditional Library MARC Cataloging
• Historically, the catalog was a record of what the library
physically “held” and the MARC (MAchine Readable
Cataloging) standard was developed
• Beginning in the mid-90s, libraries started including online
licensed resources in the library catalog and started asking
suppliers for MARC records
• Most library catalogs and integrated library systems are still
MARC-based
• Library discovery services are not MARC-based so MARC
records go through a transformation process to be included in
library discovery services
Direct Linking Metadata
MARC Records (from supplier or library cataloging)
• Ejournals
• Ebooks
• Some streaming media (audio/video)
• Some government publications
Non-MARC Records (from supplier)
• Streaming media (audio/video)
• Articles
• Ebooks
• Ebook chapters
• Images
• Primary sources
• Reference works & entries
• Grey literature
Richard Looks for a Technical Report
World Bank eLibrary
RePeC EconPapers
How Libraries Use Publisher Metadata - Crossref Community Webinar
How Libraries Use Publisher Metadata - Crossref Community Webinar
Full Text Access
OpenURL Link Resolver
A service that takes a citation formatted as
an OpenURL and provides the user with
library services related to that citation.
These library services can include:
• Accessing the online full-text
• Requesting the resource
• Searching a library catalog
• Finding related resources
OpenURL Knowledge Base
A database containing information about
electronic resources such as electronic
journals or eBooks and their availability
and accessibility.
Using the knowledge base, an OpenURL
link resolver can determine if an item
(article, book, etc.) is available
electronically and identify the appropriate
copy for a user.
OpenURL Linking
Title ISSN eISSN StartDate EndDate Resource URL
Group decision and
negotiation 0926-2644 1572-9907 4/1/1992 12/31/1996
SpringerLINK Archive - Humanities,
Social Sciences and Law
http://www.springerlink.com/openur
l.asp?genre=journal&issn=0926-2644
Group decision and
negotiation 0926-2644 1572-9907 1/1/1997
SpringerLink Contemporary - Orbis
Cascade Alliance
http://www.springerlink.com/openur
l.asp?genre=journal&issn=0926-2644
Group decision and
negotiation 0926-2644 1572-9907 1/1/1997 12/31/2009
SpringerLink Contemporary - Orbis
Cascade Alliance (Perpetual Access)
http://www.springerlink.com/openur
l.asp?genre=journal&issn=0926-2644
Group decision and
negotiation 0926-2644 1572-9907 11/1/2004 1 year ago Business Source Complete
http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.a
sp?db=bth&jid=OFY&scope=site
http://resolver.lib.washington.edu/?&
rft.date=2011&rft.issn=0926-2644
&id=doi:10.1007/s10726-011-9233-y&…
http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=
article&id=doi:10.1007/s10726-011-9233-y
Resolver
Link Resolver
• Parses the citation elements from the source
OpenURL
• Tests those elements against a library’s
knowledge base
• Identifies targets based on test results
• Creates and offers links based on linking
logic
OpenURL and Citation Data
Ferreira, Antonio, Pedro Antunes, and Valeria Herskovic. 2011.
"Improving Group Attention: An Experiment with Synchronous
Brainstorming". Group Decision and Negotiation. 20 (5): 643-666.
http://resolver.lib.washington.edu/?&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&
url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.atitl
e=Improving%20Group%20Attention%3A%20An%20Experiment%20with%20Syn
chronous%20Brainstorming&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft.aulast=Ferreira&rft.date=2011
&rft.epage=666&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0926-2644&rft.issue=5&
rft.jtitle=GROUP%20DECISION%20AND%20NEGOTIATION&rft.pages=643-
666&rft.part=SI&rft.spage=643&rft.stitle=GROUP%20DECIS%20NEGOT&rft.volu
me=20&rfr_id=info:sid/www.isinet.com:WoK:UA&rft.au=Antunes%2C%20Pedro&rf
t.au=Herskovic%2C%20Valeria&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10726-011-9233-y
http://resolver.lib.washington.edu/?&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal
&rft.atitle=Improving%20Group%20Attention%3A%20An%20Experiment%20with%20Synchronous%20Brai
nstorming
&rft.aufirst=Antonio
&rft.aulast=Ferreira
&rft.date=2011
&rft.spage=643
&rft.epage=666
&rft.genre=article
&rft.issn=0926-2644
&rft.issue=5
&rft.jtitle=GROUP%20DECISION%20AND%20NEGOTIATION
&rft.pages=643-666
&rft.stitle=GROUP%20DECIS%20NEGOT
&rft.volume=20
&rfr_id=info:sid/www.isinet.com:WoK:UA
&rft.au=Antunes%2C%20Pedro
&rft.au=Herskovic%2C%20Valeria
&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10726-011-9233-y
Why Use a Link Resolver?
• Navigating library catalogs is time consuming
Regent, D., et al. 1999. "Place actuelle de l'imagerie radiologique
dans l'exploration des MICI". Acta Endoscopica. 29 (3): 189-202.
Why Use a Link Resolver?
• Gets the User to the Appropriate Copy
Ryerson, D. (January 01, 2010). Postgay drama: sexuality,
narration and history in the plays of Mark Ravenhill.
Textual Practice, 24, 5, 863-882.
Why Use a Link Resolver?
• Provides alternative services if full-text not licensed
Cooperation pattern and coordination mechanism between Hong Kong Disneyland and
tour operator. Dong, J. ; Zhang, J. ; Liang, L. ; Guo, Q. Journal of China Tourism
Research, July 2011, Vol.7(3), pp.310-325
Two Common Resolution Fails
• Lack of journal title history (earlier titles
and earlier ISSN)
• Misunderstanding and/or incorrect coding
of metadata elements
Older Citation Fail
You Can’t Rewrite History
American Journal of
Reproductive Immunology
ISSN 0271-7352
1980-1984
American Journal of
Reproductive Immunology and
Microbiology
ISSN 8755-8920
1985-1988
American Journal of
Reproductive Immunology
ISSN 1046-7408
1980-1989-
American Journal of
Reproductive Immunology
ISSN 1046-7408
…&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Reproductive+Immunology&rft.date=1983&rft.volume
=3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=61&rft.epage=64&rft.issn=0271-7352&rft.genre=article&…
When Standards Collide
Book Reviews
Scopus: Significant review of original research, also includes conference papers
Reviews typically have an extensive bibliography. Educational items that review
specific issues within the literature are also considered to be Reviews. As non-
original articles, Reviews lack the most characteristic sections of original articles,
i.e. materials & methods and results.
Primo Central: Book, product, film reviews, etc. Excludes articles
surveying a topic
Summary
• Libraries use more than just MARC records in
providing access to publisher content
• Libraries use more than just the library catalog in
providing access to publisher content
• Metadata created by publishers is distributed to
various systems, not just to libraries
• Any source that supports OpenURL can potentially
provide access to publisher content
• Metadata accuracy is about more than correct
transcription
Support for the Publisher
KBART (Knowledge Bases and Related
Tools)
 UKSG & NISO joint initiative
 Recommends best practices for formatting and distributing
title lists
 http://www.niso.org/workrooms/kbart
Open Discovery Initiative
 NISO initiative
 Establishes a recommended practice for the ways that
content is represented in discovery services and for the
interactions between the creators of these services and the
information providers whose resources they represent
 http://www.niso.org/workrooms/odi/
Transfer Code of Practice
 NISO Recommended Practice: http://www.niso.org/workrooms/transfer/
 Help publishers ensure that journal content remains easily accessible by
librarians and readers when there is a transfer between parties, and to
ensure that the transfer process occurs with minimum disruption.
 Addresses responsibilities for both transferring and receiving publisher
 Includes guidelines addressing title access, digital files, subscription lists,
URL changes, communication and DOI ownership
PIE-J (Presentation and Identification of E-Journals)
• Primarily discusses presentation but also has recommendations
regarding metadata
• http://www.niso.org/workrooms/piej /
Shadle, S., (2013). How libraries use publisher metadata. Insights.
26(3), pp.290–297. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1629/2048-7754.109
MARC Metadata
MARC Record Guide for Monograph
Aggregator Vendors
http://www.loc.gov/aba/pcc/sca/documents/FinalVendorGuide.pdf
• Developed by the Program for Cooperative Cataloging
• Provides detailed MARC data specifications for eBooks in packages
and aggregations
MarcEdit
http://marcedit.reeset.net/
• An open source MARC editing utility developed by Terry Reese
• Easy-to-use tool that can crosswalk data between MARC and other
formats
Final Word
Library catalogers can’t do it all!

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How Libraries Use Publisher Metadata - Crossref Community Webinar

  • 1. How Libraries Use Publisher Metadata Steve Shadle Serials Access Librarian University of Washington Libraries
  • 2. Purpose Provide an overview of how libraries provide access to supplier content using supplier-provided metadata in library discovery systems
  • 3. The University of Washington Oldest public university on the West Coast (founded 1861) Largest public university recipient of federal research funding ($1.39 billion for FY 2014) Total enrollment: 54,670 students Ranked 14th among the world’s top 500 universities (USN&WR) 54 programs ranked Top 10 in the U.S. (USN&WR)
  • 4. University of Washington Libraries Digital Library • 600,000 licensed electronic books and 100,000 online journals • 700,000 locally digitized items in 300 collections • 6 million licensed journal articles downloaded • 9 million separate sessions on Libraries’ websites • 3 million separate log-in sessions to 300 Libraries-licensed databases Physical Library • 16 libraries on three campuses with 5 million visits last year • 8 million print volumes, 6 million microforms, 20K print serials • 1.7 million check-outs Reference Services • 15,000 reference questions answered online • 45,000 reference questions answered in person 93% of faculty and graduate students rate the Libraries as making a major contribution to their research productivity
  • 5. Library Discovery Service Central index: A collection of pre-harvested and processed metadata and full text that comprises the searchable content of a library discovery service Discovery layer. The user interface and search system for discovering, displaying, and interacting with the content in library systems. Common features of discovery layers include: • Single search across the central index • Fast response time • Relevancy-ranked results list • Facets, sort, and other tools for refining and using the results • Connections to full text via direct links and OpenURL • Delivery of tangible resources • End-user accounts and features Athena Hoeppner. The Ins and Outs of Evaluating Web-Scale Discovery Services. Computers in Libraries, April 2012.
  • 7. Library Discovery Metadata • Typically comes from many sources • Must be mapped to an underlying set of data elements in order to be indexed • Data element set must be rich enough to provide robust search • Data must be accurate!!
  • 8. Traditional Library MARC Cataloging • Historically, the catalog was a record of what the library physically “held” and the MARC (MAchine Readable Cataloging) standard was developed • Beginning in the mid-90s, libraries started including online licensed resources in the library catalog and started asking suppliers for MARC records • Most library catalogs and integrated library systems are still MARC-based • Library discovery services are not MARC-based so MARC records go through a transformation process to be included in library discovery services
  • 9. Direct Linking Metadata MARC Records (from supplier or library cataloging) • Ejournals • Ebooks • Some streaming media (audio/video) • Some government publications Non-MARC Records (from supplier) • Streaming media (audio/video) • Articles • Ebooks • Ebook chapters • Images • Primary sources • Reference works & entries • Grey literature
  • 10. Richard Looks for a Technical Report
  • 15. OpenURL Link Resolver A service that takes a citation formatted as an OpenURL and provides the user with library services related to that citation. These library services can include: • Accessing the online full-text • Requesting the resource • Searching a library catalog • Finding related resources
  • 16. OpenURL Knowledge Base A database containing information about electronic resources such as electronic journals or eBooks and their availability and accessibility. Using the knowledge base, an OpenURL link resolver can determine if an item (article, book, etc.) is available electronically and identify the appropriate copy for a user.
  • 17. OpenURL Linking Title ISSN eISSN StartDate EndDate Resource URL Group decision and negotiation 0926-2644 1572-9907 4/1/1992 12/31/1996 SpringerLINK Archive - Humanities, Social Sciences and Law http://www.springerlink.com/openur l.asp?genre=journal&issn=0926-2644 Group decision and negotiation 0926-2644 1572-9907 1/1/1997 SpringerLink Contemporary - Orbis Cascade Alliance http://www.springerlink.com/openur l.asp?genre=journal&issn=0926-2644 Group decision and negotiation 0926-2644 1572-9907 1/1/1997 12/31/2009 SpringerLink Contemporary - Orbis Cascade Alliance (Perpetual Access) http://www.springerlink.com/openur l.asp?genre=journal&issn=0926-2644 Group decision and negotiation 0926-2644 1572-9907 11/1/2004 1 year ago Business Source Complete http://search.ebscohost.com/direct.a sp?db=bth&jid=OFY&scope=site http://resolver.lib.washington.edu/?& rft.date=2011&rft.issn=0926-2644 &id=doi:10.1007/s10726-011-9233-y&… http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre= article&id=doi:10.1007/s10726-011-9233-y Resolver
  • 18. Link Resolver • Parses the citation elements from the source OpenURL • Tests those elements against a library’s knowledge base • Identifies targets based on test results • Creates and offers links based on linking logic
  • 19. OpenURL and Citation Data Ferreira, Antonio, Pedro Antunes, and Valeria Herskovic. 2011. "Improving Group Attention: An Experiment with Synchronous Brainstorming". Group Decision and Negotiation. 20 (5): 643-666. http://resolver.lib.washington.edu/?&url_ver=Z39.88-2004& url_ctx_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.atitl e=Improving%20Group%20Attention%3A%20An%20Experiment%20with%20Syn chronous%20Brainstorming&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft.aulast=Ferreira&rft.date=2011 &rft.epage=666&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0926-2644&rft.issue=5& rft.jtitle=GROUP%20DECISION%20AND%20NEGOTIATION&rft.pages=643- 666&rft.part=SI&rft.spage=643&rft.stitle=GROUP%20DECIS%20NEGOT&rft.volu me=20&rfr_id=info:sid/www.isinet.com:WoK:UA&rft.au=Antunes%2C%20Pedro&rf t.au=Herskovic%2C%20Valeria&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10726-011-9233-y http://resolver.lib.washington.edu/?&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal &rft.atitle=Improving%20Group%20Attention%3A%20An%20Experiment%20with%20Synchronous%20Brai nstorming &rft.aufirst=Antonio &rft.aulast=Ferreira &rft.date=2011 &rft.spage=643 &rft.epage=666 &rft.genre=article &rft.issn=0926-2644 &rft.issue=5 &rft.jtitle=GROUP%20DECISION%20AND%20NEGOTIATION &rft.pages=643-666 &rft.stitle=GROUP%20DECIS%20NEGOT &rft.volume=20 &rfr_id=info:sid/www.isinet.com:WoK:UA &rft.au=Antunes%2C%20Pedro &rft.au=Herskovic%2C%20Valeria &rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10726-011-9233-y
  • 20. Why Use a Link Resolver? • Navigating library catalogs is time consuming Regent, D., et al. 1999. "Place actuelle de l'imagerie radiologique dans l'exploration des MICI". Acta Endoscopica. 29 (3): 189-202.
  • 21. Why Use a Link Resolver? • Gets the User to the Appropriate Copy Ryerson, D. (January 01, 2010). Postgay drama: sexuality, narration and history in the plays of Mark Ravenhill. Textual Practice, 24, 5, 863-882.
  • 22. Why Use a Link Resolver? • Provides alternative services if full-text not licensed Cooperation pattern and coordination mechanism between Hong Kong Disneyland and tour operator. Dong, J. ; Zhang, J. ; Liang, L. ; Guo, Q. Journal of China Tourism Research, July 2011, Vol.7(3), pp.310-325
  • 23. Two Common Resolution Fails • Lack of journal title history (earlier titles and earlier ISSN) • Misunderstanding and/or incorrect coding of metadata elements
  • 25. You Can’t Rewrite History American Journal of Reproductive Immunology ISSN 0271-7352 1980-1984 American Journal of Reproductive Immunology and Microbiology ISSN 8755-8920 1985-1988 American Journal of Reproductive Immunology ISSN 1046-7408 1980-1989- American Journal of Reproductive Immunology ISSN 1046-7408 …&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Reproductive+Immunology&rft.date=1983&rft.volume =3&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=61&rft.epage=64&rft.issn=0271-7352&rft.genre=article&…
  • 26. When Standards Collide Book Reviews Scopus: Significant review of original research, also includes conference papers Reviews typically have an extensive bibliography. Educational items that review specific issues within the literature are also considered to be Reviews. As non- original articles, Reviews lack the most characteristic sections of original articles, i.e. materials & methods and results. Primo Central: Book, product, film reviews, etc. Excludes articles surveying a topic
  • 27. Summary • Libraries use more than just MARC records in providing access to publisher content • Libraries use more than just the library catalog in providing access to publisher content • Metadata created by publishers is distributed to various systems, not just to libraries • Any source that supports OpenURL can potentially provide access to publisher content • Metadata accuracy is about more than correct transcription
  • 28. Support for the Publisher KBART (Knowledge Bases and Related Tools)  UKSG & NISO joint initiative  Recommends best practices for formatting and distributing title lists  http://www.niso.org/workrooms/kbart Open Discovery Initiative  NISO initiative  Establishes a recommended practice for the ways that content is represented in discovery services and for the interactions between the creators of these services and the information providers whose resources they represent  http://www.niso.org/workrooms/odi/
  • 29. Transfer Code of Practice  NISO Recommended Practice: http://www.niso.org/workrooms/transfer/  Help publishers ensure that journal content remains easily accessible by librarians and readers when there is a transfer between parties, and to ensure that the transfer process occurs with minimum disruption.  Addresses responsibilities for both transferring and receiving publisher  Includes guidelines addressing title access, digital files, subscription lists, URL changes, communication and DOI ownership PIE-J (Presentation and Identification of E-Journals) • Primarily discusses presentation but also has recommendations regarding metadata • http://www.niso.org/workrooms/piej / Shadle, S., (2013). How libraries use publisher metadata. Insights. 26(3), pp.290–297. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1629/2048-7754.109
  • 30. MARC Metadata MARC Record Guide for Monograph Aggregator Vendors http://www.loc.gov/aba/pcc/sca/documents/FinalVendorGuide.pdf • Developed by the Program for Cooperative Cataloging • Provides detailed MARC data specifications for eBooks in packages and aggregations MarcEdit http://marcedit.reeset.net/ • An open source MARC editing utility developed by Terry Reese • Easy-to-use tool that can crosswalk data between MARC and other formats
  • 31. Final Word Library catalogers can’t do it all!

Editor's Notes

  • #3: It’s not just about the catalog. Libraries provide access to resources through additional systems.
  • #4: LINE BY LINE ANIMATION. CLICK AT THE END TO KEEP THIS SLIDE ON. DON’T READ EACH BULLET...JUST THERE FOR BACKGROUND
  • #5: ANIMATION. CLICK FOR EACH SECTION. It’s not possible to provide this amount of service without the systems we’ll talk about today.
  • #11: Richard has been told by one of his advisors that he should review some of the work being done by World Bank on passenger transportation pricing incentives. Richard’s advisor remembers there was a relatively recent study done in Mexico City that was published in a World Bank series.
  • #16: The citation is often referred to as the “source” and the individual services or referred to as “targets”
  • #17: Not to be confused with the computer science/expert system definition of a knowledge base. A knowledgebase is typically presented in the form of a spreadsheet that lists information about all of the electronic resources a library licenses on behalf of their customers. Generally includes: title (either journal or book) book author identifiers (ISBN, ISSN) journal coverage resource provider (ie, online publisher or content provider) URL
  • #18: HEAVY ANIMATION User starts in Web of Science, identifies an article they’re interested in. In this case, the user is in Web of Sciences and finds an article with the title “Improving Group Attention” which is published in the Sept 2011 issue of “Group Decision and Negotiation” (a Springer Journal) User click on purple “Check for Full-Text” button. This sends an OpenURL from Web of Science to the link resolver (resolver.lib). This is part of the OpenURL that is sent by WoS. Notice the citation elements in the URL (including date, ISSN, article DOI). We will look at a complete OpenURL in a minute. Resolver parses the citation elements, checks the ISSN and date against the KB and identifies the Springer version as having the full-text. The data about Springer journal titles are provided by Springer to Serials Solutions (actually Serials Solutions grabs the metadata (title/ISSN/dates/links) from the Springer download site on a monthly basis (see note below). UW Libraries staff then profile their specific subscriptions against the Serials Solutions KB. Link resolver knows the rules to create a target URL and sends user session to the full-text of that article
  • #19: Overview of the link resolver steps we just walked through
  • #20: ANIMATION. This is the openURL sent by Web of Science (note sid/www.isinet.com:WoK). Looks like a lot of complication until you format it to see that the OpenURL essentially consists of two elements: Link resolver address (in this case, ql3dq7xx6q.search.serialssolutions.com) Citation elements In order for link resolvers to function properly, citation metadata coming from a source must be accurate. In most cases, this data is originally coming from you, the publisher.
  • #21: The next three slides are examples illustrating why libraries use link resolvers. In general they provide better or additional access to a resource than what the library is able to supply through the traditional library catalog or from it’s physical collection. ANIMATION. Without the link resolver, the user has drill down through the library catalog and then through the journal website to get to the article full-text. Click through the drill-down process. SEVEN clicks to get to the full-text article through the library catalog. On a side note, there are still some library staff who attempt to show users this method for getting to a full-text article. In cases where link resolution fails, this may be what the user has to do.
  • #22: ANIMATION. The library may get access to electronic full-text through a source besides directly from the publisher. In this example, the user goes directly to the Springer website and can’t get to the article because the the library doesn’t subscribe to the content. Integrative Physiological & Behavioral Science is a Springer journal and this specific article is available from the Springer website but the UW doesn’t subscribe to it from Springer. Instead KB indicates that the issue in question is available from an EBSCOHost database. The Link Resolver works with the KB to identify which source is the most appropriate source for the full text.
  • #23: ANIMATION. Get the user to a service that will get the content if the library doesn’t license it. Integrative Physiological & Behavioral Science is a Springer journal and this specific article is available from the Springer website but the UW doesn’t subscribe to it. However, the UW may have the journal in print or may have a reciprocal borrowing relationship with another library for print. So if the link resolver, can’t find an online version, the user is giving options to find another version (or to fill out a request to have it scanned). Every library customizes the services offered depending on it’s own borrowing arrangements, library catalog, etc. Some libraries provide links to related full-text databases (with the idea that if the library doesn’t subscribe to *this* article, there may be other articles in XYZ database which would serve the user’s purpose.
  • #32: Working in cooperative systems, library catalogers could do it all when the only records we created were for books (not articles) physically held in the library. Those days are long gone.