Bio 201 chapter 15 lecture
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This document discusses the autonomic nervous system. It notes that the autonomic nervous system has two divisions: sympathetic and parasympathetic. The sympathetic division is involved in the fight or flight response and activates processes like increased heart rate and blood pressure. The parasympathetic division induces the rest and digest response and decreases heart rate and activates digestion. The autonomic nervous system regulates automatic bodily functions and processes through cholinergic and adrenergic neurons that release acetylcholine or norepinephrine which act on target organs through nicotinic, muscarinic, alpha, and beta receptors.
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Bio 201 chapter 15 lecture
- 1. 6/10/2014 1 Autonomic sensory neurons Autonomic motor neurons Two divisions: Sympathetic Parasympathetic
- 2. 6/10/2014 2
- 3. 6/10/2014 3 Preganglionic neuron Postganglionicneuron Two divisions: Sympathetic Parasympathetic Cholinergic neurons → acetylcholine (ACh). Cholinergic neurons include- 1. All sympathetic and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons. 2. Sympathetic postganglionic neurons that innervate most sweat glands. 3. All parasympathetic postganglionic neurons.
- 4. 6/10/2014 4 Cholinergic neurons release acetylcholine. Two types: Nicotinic receptors Muscarinic receptors Release norepinephrine (noradrenalin). Most sympatheticpostganglionicneurons are adrenergic. Two types of receptors: Alpha receptors- Beta receptors-
- 5. 6/10/2014 5 Autonomic tone- a balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. Regulated by the hypothalamus. Stress ↑ sympathetic system ↑ fight-or-flight response. ↑ production ofATP. Dilation of the pupils. ↑ heart rate and blood pressure. Dilation of the airways. Constrictionof blood vessels that supply the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract. ↑ blood supply to the skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle, liver and adipose tissue ↑ glycogenolysis ↑ blood glucose. ↑ lipolysis.
- 6. 6/10/2014 6 Rest-and-digest response. Conserve and restore body energy. ↑ digestive and urinary function. ↓ body functions that support physical activity. Receptor Sensory neuron Integrating center Motor neuron Effector Direct innervation-brain stem and spinal cord. Hypothalamus is the major control and integration center of theANS. It receives input from the limbic system.
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