REAL-TIME SIMULATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR POWER SYSTEMS DESIGN, TESTING, AND ANALYSIS
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The document provides a comprehensive overview of real-time simulation technologies for power systems, detailing their evolution, categories, and common features. It discusses various simulation techniques and tools, including hardware-in-the-loop and model-in-the-loop approaches, as well as specific applications like relay testing. Additionally, it concludes with references to significant works in the field and highlights the importance of these technologies for modern power systems design and analysis.
REAL-TIME SIMULATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR POWER SYSTEMS DESIGN, TESTING, AND ANALYSIS
- 1. Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis Guide Prof. T N Shanavas JITHIN T 7803 Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering TKM College of Engineering
- 2. Contents • Introduction • Categories • Evolution • Computing Capability • Common Features • Hardware Architecture • Software • Modeling Tools • Solution Methodologies • Summary of features of available DRTS • Case Study on Relay Testing using RTDS • Referances 2 Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
- 3. Introduction • Simulation • Power system simulators • Digital Real-Time Simulation (DRTS) – Real time – same time step – Voltage/Current Waveforms – Transient Simulation of Power System 3 Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
- 4. Introduction : Need for Simulators • Fast operation of modern protection equipments – 2-5 cycles max • Modern power system standards – Power Quality aspects – 4 Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
- 5. Categories of DRTS • Fully digital RTS – model-in-the-loop; software-in-the- loop; processor-in- the-loop – Entire system modeled inside Simulator – No external I/O; only observations • Hardware in Loop (HiL) – Parts in simulator, parts in actual hardware – Control HiL – Power HiL 5 Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
- 6. Categories : HiL 6 Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
- 7. Evolution of DRTS • Initial days – DSP; RISC; CISC • General Purpose Processors • Clustered system, using off-the-shelf digital processors – based on advanced communication networks, – growing trend for the development of the DRTS 7 Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
- 8. Evolution of DRTS • RTDS Technologies Inc. : 1991 : DSP • digital transient network analyzer (DTNA) • ARENE : 1996 : Électricité de France • OPAL-RT Technologies Inc. – general-purpose processor – MATLAB/Simulink • dSPACE • FPGA; GPU 8 Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
- 9. Computing Capabilities • Step Size – 50 µS : 50/60 Hz System – Higher frequency case • Definition • Multirate co- simulation • Scalable feature • Communication Bottle Necks • Parallel operation 9 Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
- 10. Common Features • Multiple Processors • Host Computer – Model Preparation – Monitoring • I/O Terminals – External Hardware – HuT • Communication Networks – Between Subsystems -racks- – Between host computer and target 10 Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
- 11. Hardware Architecture: RTDS 11 Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
- 12. Hardware Architecture: eMEGASIM 12 Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
- 13. Software • Application Software – Host Computer – Modeling – Monitoring • Operating System – The backbone – Windows, Linux, Bare Metal OS • Communication 13 Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
- 14. Modeling Tools / Libraries • GUI component model libraries – necessary control and protection • MATLAB/Simulink environment – built-in MATLAB/Simulink toolboxes; – user-defined models • S-function interface 14 Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
- 15. Solution Techniques • Electro Magnetic Transients Program (EMTP) • ARTEMiS-SSN Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis 15
- 16. Virtual Test Bed RT Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis 16
- 17. Summary of salient features 17 Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
- 18. Summary of salient features 18 Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
- 19. Summary of salient features 19 Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis
- 20. Protection Relay Testing Case Study Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis 20
- 21. Protection Relay Testing Case Study Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis 21
- 22. Conclusion • Why Simulation • Evolution and features • Architecture • Facilities available • Case Study Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis 22
- 23. Referances • M. D. Omar Faruque et al., "Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis," in IEEE Power and Energy Technology Systems Journal, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 63-73, June 2015. doi: 10.1109/JPETS.2015.2427370 • P. G. McLaren, P. Forsyth, A. Perks and P. R. Bishop, "New simulation tools for power systems," 2001 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition. Developing New Perspectives (Cat. No.01CH37294), Atlanta, GA, 2001, pp. 91-96 vol.1. doi: 10.1109/TDC.2001.971214 • https://www.rtds.com/ • http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=1 0.1.1.647.816 Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis 23
- 24. Real-Time Simulation Technologies for Power Systems Design, Testing, and Analysis • Simulation and its needs • Types of Simulation and Simulators • Stages of evolution • Common features • Commercially available Simulators – RTDS – eMEGAsim – HYPERSIM • Open source simulators – VTB RT jithin.t@ieee.org
Editor's Notes
- #4: What is real time.
- #6: A fully digital real-time simulation requires the entire system (including control, protection, and other accessories) to be modeled inside the simulator and does not involve external interfacing or inputs/outputs (I/Os) HIL simulation refers to the condition where parts of the fully digital real-time simulation have been replaced with actual physical components. The HIL mode of the simulation proceeds with the device-undertest or hardware-under-test (HuT) connected through input output interfaces, e.g., filters, digital-to-analog and analogto-digital converters and signal conditioners. Limited real-time controls of the simulation can be executed with the user-defined control inputs, for example, closing or opening of switches to connect or disconnect the components in the simulated power system
- #7: real controller hardware that interacts with the rest of the simulated system, it is called controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL). It is also used for rapid controller prototyping. In this method, no real power transfer takes place and the power system is modeled as a virtual system inside the simulator, and the external controller hardware exchanges controller I/Os with the system inside the simulator Any HIL simulation involving power transfer to or from the HuT is known as power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL). In this case, part of the power system is internally simulated and the other part is the real hardware power apparatus connected externally In general, a fully digital simulation is often used for understanding the behavior of a system under certain circumstances resulting from external or internal dynamic influences, whereas an HIL simulation is used to minimize the risk of investment through the use of a prototype once the underlying theory is established with the help of a fully DRTS
- #10: Computing capability may be defined as the product of the number of nodes/buses in the simulated power network and the number of time steps taken per second For simulating fast and slow subsystem transients, a multirate cosimulation approach can be adopted The increment of computing power is possible by adding rack-mount units that require data communication between racks Communication bottlenecks are minimized by exploiting the traveling wave properties to decouple the solutions of the network subsystems that are separated by transmission lines parallel by sharing common memories or buses to minimize the communication latencies.
- #25: This slide will be used for initiating discussions