CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: COMPARISON / CONSTRAST
Download as PPTX, PDF0 likes1,756 views
The document discusses various aspects of memory, including types such as sensory, working, and long-term memory, and highlights cognitive and affective strategies for improving memory retention. It emphasizes the role of emotional responses in memory retention and the importance of verbal elaboration and interaction in learning. Additionally, it compares and contrasts different memory types and strategies, outlining how to effectively enhance memory through various techniques.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: COMPARISON / CONSTRAST
- 1. MEMORY: COMPARE / CONTRAST Individual artefacts by adult ESL learners in a blended class Permission granted by all students to publish slides to be included as an artefact in their capstone eportfolio projects Photos and images: courtesy of ClipArt 1 How we conceptualized memory after a lecture on cognition by Pearson/Longman. Based on the Pearson/Longman Contemporary Topics lecture on cognitive psychology
- 2. Comparison and Contrast Cognitive Strategies (differences) •Verbal eleboration •Talk about information •Agree/Disagree •Compare/Contrast •Discuss relationships •Remember more and longer Similarities •Ability to store, retain, recall information •Stored 30 sec. - life •Long term memory •Declarative memory Affective Strategies (differences) •Emotions – brain chemical release •Limbic system- information •Creat positive emotional response •Study w/friend •Use interesting study test •Test questions •Emotional responses remember better #1
- 3. Compare and Contrast Two Types of Memory LOREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET, CONSECTETUER ADIPISCING ELIT. MAECENAS 01 NUNC VIVERRA IMPERDIET ENIM. FUSCE EST. VIVAMUS A TELLUS. 02 PELLENTESQUE HABITANT MORBI TRISTIQUE SENECTUS ET NETUS ET MALESUADA FAMES. 03 Sensory Memory : 1 Sensory Memory: 1- Short= 100- 500millisecond 2- Initial moment of perception 3- Tactile sensory memory = by touch (skill smothers) 4- Senses used= recording in brain 5- Learning and remembering Long Term Memory 1- Long= all your life 2- Meaningful 3- Emotional 4- Declarative= facts, idea, names, experience 5- Procedural memory= ride bicycle, play music (Implicate , unconscious) Similarities: 1- Types of memory 2- Store and retain information 3- Recall information 4- Use feeling we have 5- Use brain system #2
- 4. Two types of memories #3 Short-term memory • Storage: daily life. • Temporary. • Common mental operations. • Forgettable • Frontal lobe of the cerebral context. • Physical qualities of experience: do, taste, touch. Long-term memory • Storage: 30 s- life. • Permanent. • 1st performed in short- term memory. • Unforgettable. • Held in hippocampus ⟶ trans. to language and perception area. • Meaning or semantic codes.
- 5. 5 #4 Working & Long-Term Memories *type of memory *both related to working memory *training by step or repeating *remembrance of details *clear memory Working Memory *important for daily life *temporarily holds *manipulates info – workspace ex: repeat phone number to remember *crucial for common mental operations( add numbers, follow directions, understanding logical relationships between ideas Long-Term Memory *stored 30 sec for entire life *1st processed in working memory in meaningful/emotional ways ex: clear details remembrance of Gran Canyon seen at 15yrs old *2 types: a)declarative: facts, ideas, names Conscious b)procedural: body movement( ride bicycle, play instrument) Implicit unconscious
- 6. 1. Facts, concepts 2. Access = association 3. How 2 approach & complete tasks 4. Learn process = multiple expos 1. Verbal elaboration a. Agree/disagree b. Comp/contrast c. Discuss relation btw ideas 2. Extra attention 4 difficult info 3. Acquisition of featural knowledge 4. Conversation w yourself (like, !like, why?) 5. We know = meaningful ideas =we learned/remember 1. Events, experiences 2. Access = contextual cues 3. Better remember by using control emo resp 4. Learn process = immediate w expos 1. Student Study Group a. Short presentation b. Take turns c. Topic study 2. Relate new info 2 things y already know 3. Remember ongoing life’s experience 4. Change feelings about subject 1. Things y know that y can tell others 2. Conscious, explicit (verbal) 3. 30’ – all life 4. Attention 1. Read out loud 2. Outline/notes 3. Teach new concepts to others (understanding and recall) 4. Fun/challenge/interest 5. Establish relation btw new ideas & previously memo 6. Sleep Contemporary Topics: Cognitive Psychology – Memory Declarative Memory & Strategies Comparison/Contrast How 2 improve memo #5
- 7. Cognitive Strategy: (Meaning: Comprehending/understanding/ Conceptualizing technology) How to approach and Complete the task Thinking in more effective way Verbal Elaboration Meaningful way of thinking Verbalize the Information Agree/Disagree, Compare/Contrast, Discussing the relationship what already learned and what we are trying to learn. Differences Affective Strategy: (Meaning: Inferring/Reflecting/Responding Technique) Controlling the Emotion Related with brain Chemical Depending on the Mood while learning Releasing the memory Part of the emotion System in brain= Limbic System Transferring the info into long term memory Our feeling affects our remembering More interesting= More enjoyable Similarities: Both = related to our Mental Health Both = To be practised Both=Psychological Phenomenon Both= Long/Short term #6
- 8. Similarity and differences between cognitive strategy and affective similarity Differences Cognitive affective Long term memory-declarative memory (facts/ ideas/names) How to complete the task, how you feel, Using work memory in meaningful ways Verbal elaboration: Agree or not, compare and contrast Study with others, try different tasks Strategies helps improve memory Interacting with learning materials Interacting with people #7
- 9. Mamore Time Important Jobs Sensory memory Short 100- 500 millisecon ds Learning & Remembering. Tactile sensory memory Working memory Work temporally Important daily life hold & manipulate information temporally workspace mind. Following direction, Adding numbers, Understand relationship between ideas Long term memory 30 seconds – as long as entirely life time Info & experience were initial process in working memory in meaningful or emotional ways. A. Declarative memory Facts – ideas – names B. Procedural memory concerns your knowledge to moving your body Strategies Definition Similarity Methods Cognitive strategies Concern to thinking in more effective ways Talk about info in meaningful way that we are trying to remember Agree or disagree Compare &contrast Discuses relationship Affective strategies control on emotional responses in order to remember better How you feel about something affective how will you remember Study with whatever friends in your class. Use interesting study tasks. Test questions. 8
- 10. Sensory Memory -Short. 100-500 milliseconds It is often thought of as the first stage of memory that involves registering a tremendous amount of information about the environment, but only for a very brief period. Working Memory - concerned with immediate conscious perceptual and linguistic processing. Important For Daily Life & Learning -Store Retain & Recall Information Long Term Memory - the phase or type of memory responsible for the storage of information for an extended period of time. Temporary Holds & Manipulates Information Senses Plays A Huge Role (Procedural For Long Term) Long Term Memory 1st Processed In Working Memory. Works Hand in Hand. Cognitive Strategy - Verbal Elaboration To Self - Agree/Disagree - Compare/Contrast - Brainstorming Affective Strategy -Emotional Response - Emotions Help In Storing Memory - Part Of Limbic System - Help to Remember Longer - Declarative Memory - Stored For 30sec - Life #9
- 11. difference difference Long/short term Increase memory Transfer info Enhance learning Mental healthy Practice to memory SimilaritiesCognitive Strategy Affective Strategy Brainstorming Elaboration Visualisation Agree/disagree Compare/contrast Discuss relationship technology Comparison & contrast Emotion control Brain chemical release Limbic system How well you feel Cooperation More interesting #10
- 12. Affective Strategy ● Control our emotions response ● Remember better ● Emotions → brain chemicals → release → memory ●Limbic system transfer info into long term memory ● How you feel → How well you remember * Study w/friends * Use interesting study tasks * Test questions → Increases sense of fun, memory and interest Cognitive Strategy ● To approach tasks ● Different methods to use ● Verbal elaboration ● Talk about information in meaning way * Agree/disagree * Compare/contrast * discuss relationships → Remember more/ longer #11
- 13. Compare & contrast Cognitive strategies Verbal elaboration Agree/disagree Compare/contrast Discuss relationships Declarative memory Experience Ex. Facts, ideas, names Conscious Affective strategies Emotions-brain chemical Release-memory Limbic system Feeling Study w/friend Use interesting study tasks Test questions Procedural memory Body movements Ex. Ride bicycle, play instrument Implicit, unconscious Similarities Learning &remembering Important for daily life A plan of action Improve memory Both has skills Beneficial for mental health Long/short term Able to do things Both are realistic Both are study of memory #12
- 14. Conceptual Framework: Comparison and Contrast Improving Memories I. Sensory memory/Working memory II. Long-term memory Declarative memory Precision memory (implicit, unconscious) Affective Strategies Emotional responses Control emotions both negative and positive The limbic system - deals with emotions and memory. Lowering anxiety levels with relaxation techniques Positive atmosphere Encourage yourself Take emotional temperature (listening to the body, discussing feelings with someone else) Cognitive Strategies Agree/Disagree Ask/Answer questions Compare/Contrast with your life experience Discuss relationships Focus your attention Structure/Organize Visualizing Read out loud Relax Vary your study routine #13
- 15. Comparison & Contrast between Sensory&Long-Term Memory Memory function Store in brain Store & return & recall info. Affect lifes Sensory Memory Long-Term Memory Temporary Short -100-500 milliseconds Initial moment Forgettable Tactile by touch 1st stage of memory Permanent Long - 30 seconds Meaningful & emotional Unforgettable Declarative by facts Procedural memory #14
- 16. • verbal elaboration • discuss relationship • agree/disagree • compare/contrast COGNITIVE STRATEGIES AFFECTIVE STRATEGIES • create positive emotional responses • use interesting study tasks • test questions • limbic system • sharing ideas • long-term memory • declarative • facts-general knowledge (semantic memory) • personally experienced events (episodic memory) #15
- 17. 17 #16
- 18. Cognitive strategies interact with the material brainstorming summarizing planning encouraging yourself elaboration visualisation association key words comparing to what you know Affective strategies interact with others ask questions give comments manage emotions motivation limbic system feedback increase interest cooperating with others - long-term memory - enhance learning - specific techniques - increase memory - transfer info #17
- 19. 19 #18 Cognitive Strategies & Affective Strategies * Improving Declarative Memory * Applying usefully in school Control emotion responses Use positive emotions x-fer information to long-term memory Create positive emotions in studying Thinking in more effective way Verbal Elaboration Talk about information to be memorized in meaningful ways Think & verbalize information critically
- 20. Comparison & Contrast Cognitive Strategy Brainstorming Planning Visualization Agree/Disagree Compare/Contrast Elaboration Affective Strategy Ask questions Feedback Motivation Comments Manage emotions Limbic system Cooperating w/others More interesting Long term memory Specific techniques Increase memory Transfer info Mental healthy #19
- 21. Comparison & contrast Cognitive strategies •Verbal elaboration: talk about information in meaningful way •1) Agree / disagree •2) Compare / contrast •3) Discuss relationships •Declarative memory = experiences Ex: facts, ideas, names, conscious Similarities •Both are used to improve memory •Both can be used for short term and long term memory •Both are used in many kinds of study, for example： •1) Study with friends •2) Use interesting study tasks •3) Test questions Affective strategies •Emotional responses remember better •Emotions Brain chemical release memory •Limbic system： Information Long-term memory •How you feel = How well you remember •Procedural memory = body movements Ex: ride bicycle, play instrument • Implicit, unconscious #20
- 22. 22 REFERENCES Some of the sources used for: Artefacts created by EAP2 students in a blended class at the LTC – Spring 2020 Text: Cognitive Psychology: Memory - Pearson/Longman Contemporary Topics Images: Courtesy of ClipArt / Courtesy of GoogleImages CleanPNG https://www.cleanpng.com/ Image from article used in research (2019, February 01) https://alisondoherty.com/2013/02/01/memory-writing-and-imagination/ Photos and images: courtesy of SmartArt https://myofficemagazine.co.za/coding-should-be-sas-12th-language/ NikitinaOlga. (n.d.). Memory Loss Man. Retrieved from https://v.paixin.com/photocopyright/11665611?help=back https://kpu.pressbooks.pub/app/uploads/sites/3/2018/04/masteringMemory_v01-1-300x214.png improve memory http://www.braintrainingtools.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/techniques-to-improve-memory-retention-recall.jpg Neurosciencenews. (2020, January 6). Epilepsy Study Shows Link between Brain Activity and Memory. Retrieved from https://neurosciencenews.com/memory-brain-activity-epilepsy-15405/ Other Free PowerPoint Templates Design: Human Brain Inside Bulb-Business PowerPoint Templates https://www.free-powerpoint-templates-design.com/human-brain-inside-bulb-business-powerpoint-templates/ "Epilepsyu": https://epilepsyu.com/tag/restoring-memory/ Practical Psychology: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E4evnus2olo Study.com Atkinson & Shiffrin's Modal Model of Memory Video BELLABEE: Concentration/Learning/Working/Memory Therapy with Bellabee - BELLABEE: 7/12/2019 https://www.bellabee.us/blog/concentrationlearningworkingmemory-therapy-with-bellabee 5 senses clipart sensory memory: https://webstockreview.net/pict/getfirst Working Memory Resources for Parents, By Dr. Randy Kulman on Monday, February 22, 2016 https://southcountychildandfamily.com/2016/02/22/working-memory-resources-for-parents/ Long Term Memory-Nov 13, 2019 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E4evnus2olo&list=RDCMUCir93b_ftqInEaDpsWYbo_g&index=1 Disclaimer: we have made every effort to cite all sources and use only Royalty-free images - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royalty-free