Lecture 1.pdf
- 1. Lesson: Introduction to Computer August 22, 2020 Reymar G. Pan-oy, MSIT
- 2. Objective Familiarize with different components of a computer system Identify the characteristics of computer Discuss the Evolutions of computers State the Computer Generations
- 3. Topic Outline ● History ● Computer System ● Data Processing ● Components ● Categories
- 4. Computer Machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions Device capable of performing computations and making logical decisions at speed millions and even billion of times faster than human beings can. An electronic machine which is use for data processing
- 5. Why Computer? 1. Access to information 2. Learning 3. Distance Education 4. Connect with People 5. Social Media 6. Employment 7. Online Transactions 8. Shopping 9. Entertainment
- 6. History 1. Zero th generation (1642 to 1945) 2. First Generation (1945 to 1955) 3. Second generation (1955 to 1965) 4. Third generation (1966 to 1970) 5. Fourth generation (1971 to 1980) 6. Fifth generation (1980 to present)
- 7. Zero th Generation (1642 - 1945) Mechanical calculators was developed as computing device.
- 8. First Generation (1945-1955) In 1946 first electronic computer ENAIC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator ) was developed by Mr. J.Presper Eckert and Mr. John Manuchly at University of Pennsylvania. It uses 18,000 vacuum tubes and its cast was $500,000. Its weight was 30 tons and occupied a 30 by 50 foot space. It produced large amount of heat. Its speed was very slow.
- 10. Second Generation (1955-1965) In this second generation vacuum tubes was replaced by transistors. Speed / performance of this generation computers was improved in comparison to first generation computers. Size, price , and heat produced reduced by using transistors.
- 11. Third Generation (1966-1970) In this third generation transistors was replaced by IC’s (Integrated Circuits i.e fabrication of thousands electronic components on single silicon chip ). Using this drastic reduction in the size of computers. Speed / performance was high in comparison to third generation. Heat produced by computers was reduced.
- 13. Fourth Generation (1971-1980) In this generation IC’s are replaced by LSI (Large Scale Integrated Circuits : more number of electronic components on silicon chip) These are low cast, small size and high performance in comparisons to third generation computers
- 14. Fifth Generation (1980-present) In this generation LSI are replaced by VLSI (Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits) Size and cost of these computers is very less and performance is very high
- 16. Hardware Hardware is basically anything that you can touch with your fingers System Unit CPU (Intel, AMD, Qualcom, Apple Bionic) Monitor Keyboard & Mouse CD-ROM Storage Devices (HDD, SSD, SSHD) Memory (RAM) Printer Speakers
- 17. Software The term software refers to the set of instructions that directs the hardware to accomplish a task. 1. System Software 2. Application Software 3. Utility Software
- 18. 1. System Software/Operating System System Software are used to control all components of computer and serves as an interface between user and hardware. 1. Control all Components of Computer 2. 2. Interface b/w user and Hardware Windows 10 OS Mac OS Big Sur Ubuntu OS iOS 14 Android OS Watch OS
- 19. 2. Application Software Application software is used or design for the specific purpose of the user. MS Office Suite Google Suite Adobe Collections DepEd LIS DepEd OER
- 20. 3. Utility Software Utility Software is used to remove any problem or solve a complex situation in computer Antivirus Data Recovery Backup Utility Security Software
- 21. Computer only understand 0 or 1 Bits n Bytes Bit: One digit, either 0 or 1 Byte: any combination of 0 or 1. also called an octet.
- 22. Data Processing
- 23. Information Processing Cycle Consists of four parts where each part involves one or more specific components of the computer. 1. Input 2. Processing 3. Output 4. Storage
- 24. Information Processing Cycle Consists of four parts where each part involves one or more specific components of the computer. 1. Input 2. Processing 3. Output 4. Storage
- 26. INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT STORAGE INPUT: A Computer receives data via an input device such as keyboard and mouse
- 27. INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT STORAGE PROCESS: A computer program performs operations on the data to transform it into information
- 28. INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT STORAGE OUTPUT: A computer produces the output through an output device such as the monitor to display the result of the processing operations.
- 29. INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT STORAGE STORAGE: A computer stores the result of the processing operations in a storage device such as the hard disk.
- 30. Computer System 1. System Unit 2. Input Devices 3. Storage Devices 4. Output Devices 5. Connections
- 31. 1. System Unit A system unit is a personal computer component that houses other devices necessary for the computer to function.
- 32. System Unit Components The mother/system board is the personal computer component that acts as the backbone for the entire computer system.
- 33. System Unit Components The central processing unit (CPU), sometimes called microprocessor or just processor, is the real brains of the computer and is where most of the calculations take place.
- 34. System Unit Components A power supply is an internal computer component that converts AC power from an electrical outlet to the DC power needed by system components
- 35. 2. Input Devices A device that sends data for processing to the computer
- 36. 3. Storage Devices A storage device is a system unit component, such as a hard drive, that enables users to save data for reuse at a later time, even after the personal computer is shut down and restarted.
- 37. Storage Device – Floppy Disk FDD is a personal computer storage device that reads data from, and writes data to, removable disks made of flexible Mylar plastic covered with a magnetic coating and enclosed in a stiff, protective, plastic case.
- 38. Storage Device – Optical Disk An optical disk is a personal computer storage device that stores data optically, rather than magnetically. CD-ROM CD-R CD-RW DVD-ROM DVD-R DVD+R DVD-RW
- 39. Storage Device – Tape Drive A tape drive is a personal computer storage device that stores data magnetically on a removable tape that is enclosed in a tape cartridge.
- 40. Storage Device –USB Flash Memory Flash are non-volatile solid state storage devices which use NAND flash memories to store data (millions of transistors). USB refers to the USB connection that allows users to plug the device into the USB port of a computer.
- 41. Storage Device –Secure Digital Cards An SD card or a Security Digital card is one which is going to store additional amounts of information for you. It’s used for mobile devices such as cameras and smart phones, for instance and it’s capable of being a life saver in certain situations.
- 42. Storage Device –Hard Disk Drive HDD is a personal computer storage device that uses fixed media, which means that the disk is built into the drive and the drives are not removed from the computer unless you are performing an upgrade or a repair.
- 43. Storage Device –Solid State Drive HDD is a personal computer storage device that uses fixed media, which means that the disk is built into the drive and the drives are not removed from the computer unless you are performing an upgrade or a repair.
- 44. 4. Output Devices An output device is a piece of computer hardware that receives data from a computer and then translates that data into another form. That form may be audio, visual, textual, or hard copy such as a printed document.
- 45. 5. Connections A personal computer connection is a means by which a personal computer component is attached to other components to provide computing capabilities. 1. SATA Connection 2. PATA Connection 3. USB Connection 4. Display Connection
- 46. 5. Connections - SATA Connection A SATA connection is a personal computer connection that provides a serial data channel between the drive controller and the disk drives.
- 47. 5. Connections - PATA Connection A personal computer connection is a means by which a personal computer component is attached to other components to provide computing capabilities.
- 48. 5. Connections - USB Connection A personal computer connection is a means by which a personal computer component is attached to other components to provide computing capabilities.
- 49. 5. Connections - Display Connection DisplayPort, abbreviated as DP, is a digital audio and video interface created by VESA. Its connections come in two varieties: standard, (shown in the picture) and the smaller Mini DisplayPort. Despite the difference in size, both connection types transmit identical signals.
- 51. Personal Computer Notebook Computer ● Portable, small enough to fit on your lap. ● Also called a laptop computer. ● Usually more expensive than a desktop computer with equal capabilities.
- 52. Personal Computer Tablet PC ● A computer that is shaped like a slate or notebook. ● Normally fitted with a touch screen for users to enter input through a stylus.
- 53. Mobile Computer / Mobile Devices A mobile computing device is described as small, lightweight, portable and containing wireless Internet access by the Public Library Association. A computer without an Internet browser is not generally referred to as a mobile computing device.
- 54. Mid-Rage Server More powerful and larger that a workstation and can support up to 4,000 users at one time. Formerly known as minicomputer.
- 55. Mainframe Computer Very powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of connected users
- 56. Super Computer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations.
- 57. Thank you. Any Questions?