Lecture 3
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The document discusses the key components of a computer system including hardware, software, data, and users. It describes the basic hardware components like the CPU, memory, storage, and input/output devices. It also explains how software controls the hardware and allows users to process and store different types of data.
Lecture 3
- 1. CS100: Fundamentals of ICT Lecture 3 Samin Khaliq
- 2. Today’s Lecture Parts of a computer Basic operations of a computer
- 3. Parts of a computer 1. Hardware 2. Software 3. Users 4. Data
- 4. Parts of a computer
- 5. Parts of the Computer System Hardware Mechanical devices in the computer Anything that can be touched Software Tell the computer what to do Also called a program Thousands of programs exist
- 6. Parts of the Computer System Data Pieces of information Computer organize and present data Users People operating the computer Most important part Tell the computer what to do
- 7. The Information Processing Cycle 1. Input 2. Processing 3. Storage 4. Output
- 9. I. Essential Computer Hardware • Hardware categorized into four types
- 10. I. Essential Computer Hardware 1. Input and Output Devices 2. Processing Devices 3. Memory Devices 4. Storage Devices
- 14. I. Essential Computer Hardware Input and output devices Allow the user to interact Input devices accept data Keyboard, mouse Output devices deliver data Monitor, printer, speaker Some devices are input and output Touch screens
- 16. I. Essential Computer Hardware Processing devices Brain of the computer Carries out instructions from the program Manipulate the data Most computers have several processors Central Processing Unit (CPU) Processors made of silicon and copper
- 18. I. Essential Computer Hardware Memory devices Stores data or programs Random Access Memory (RAM) Main Memory Volatile Stores current data and programs More RAM results in a faster system Read Only Memory (ROM) Permanent storage of programs Holds the computer boot directions
- 21. I. Essential Computer Hardware Storage devices Hold data and programs permanently Different from RAM Magnetic storage Floppy and hard drive Uses a magnet to access data Optical storage Compact Disk (CD) and Digital Video Disk (DVD) drives Uses a laser to access data
- 22. HOW DOES EVERYTHING CONNECT TOGETHER?
- 23. CMOS Battery PCI Slots IDE Connector AGP Slot Memory Slots CPU Socket Connectors for Integrated Peripherals
- 30. ANY ESSENTIAL PIECE OF HARDWARE LEFT? WHAT DO YOU NEED TO TURN ON YOUR COMPUTER?
- 32. If you need to send data to other computers…
- 33. II. Software Runs The Machine Tells the computer what to do Reason people purchase computers Two types 1. System software 2. Application software
- 35. II. Software Runs the Machine System software Mostimportant software Operating system Windows 7 Network operating system (OS) Windows Server 2003 Utility Symantec AntiVirus
- 37. II. Software Runs the Machine Application software Accomplishes a specific task Most common type of software MS Word Covers most common uses of computers
- 38. Computer Computer Hardware Software CPU Memory I/O Etc. Application System Software Software
- 40. III. Computer Data Stored using the binary number system Data can be organized into files Data The raw facts and figures that are processed into information Information Data that has been summarized or otherwise manipulated for use in decision making Processor converts Data into Information
- 41. Types of Data Numeric Record Daily Milk Expenses Sun 20 Rs Mon 30 Rs Tues 35 Rs Wed 23 Rs Thurs 34 Rs Fri 50 Rs Sat 30 Rs
- 42. Types of Data Numeric Processing Data Finding weekly expenditure on Milk Finding a Daily Average of milk expenditure 20,30,35,23, Find Total/ 222/31.7 34,50,30 Average
- 43. Types of Data Text Raw: one of the most important concepts students must understand is the fundamental difference between data and information Processed (1): Formatted “One of the most important concepts students must understand is the fundamental difference between data and information.” Processed (2): Words arranged alphabetically “and between concepts data difference fundamental important information is most must of one students the the understand”
- 44. Types of Data Image Raw Processed
- 45. Types of Data Image Other Examples Fingerprint Recognition Arrangement of your photo albums on PC
- 46. Types of Data Audio Raw: Conversation between people in cockpit of aircraft and Flight Controller recorded in Black box Processed: In case of air crash, the recorded audio will be converted to digital form, background noise will be removed, and the clarity of speech will be improved to assist investigators
- 47. Types of Data Video Raw: Old Black and White movies Processed: Black and white movie made colored Raw: Any Video in foreign language Processed: Dub it in Urdu
- 48. So a computer is a device that takes data and instructions and processes the data into information as directed by the instructions
- 49. IV. Computer users Role depends on ability Setup the system Install software Manage files Maintain the system Take advantage of the system “Userless” computers Run with no user input Automated systems
- 51. Layered view
- 52. Summary A computer is simply a device that computes, taking some input, processing it, and producing some output At a low (processor) level, computers are pretty dumb and have to be told exactly what to do However, with intelligently written computer programs, computers can behave quite intelligently Computers can come in all sorts of forms, and not just the types you may be familiar with
- 53. Acronyms PCI – Peripheral Component Interconnect AGP – Accelerated Graphics Port IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics CMOS – Complementary Metal–Oxide– Semiconductor BIOS – Basic Input/Output System USB – Universal Serial Bus ISA – Industry Standard Architecture
- 54. Useful resources www.howstuffworks.com www.wikipedia.org