WHAT IS E-GOVERNANCE ? HOW IT HELPS IN NATIONS DEVELOPMENT

SEMESTER-II
DL06 – Information Access and Services
ASSIGNMENT – B1
WHAT IS E-GOVERNANCE ? HOW IT HELPS IN NATIONS
DEVELOPMENT.
By Shweta Ravindra Bhavsar
Roll No - (2019PGDLIM020)
(2019-2020)
Centre for Library and Information Management Studies
Sir Dorabji Tata Memorial Library
Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. E-GOVERNANCE...................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 DEFINITIONS....................................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 E-GOVERNANCE INITIATIVES IN INDIA....................................................................................... 2
1.4 OBJECTIVE, MISSION AND VISION E-GOVERNANCE IN INDIA............................................ 2
1.5 ROLE OF ICT IN E-GOVERNANCE ................................................................................................ 3
1.6 DEVELOPMENTAL PHASES OF E-GOVERNANCE................................................................... 3
1.7 TYPES OF E-GOVERNANCE SERVICE DELIVERY MODELS AND APPLICATIONS......... 3
1. 8 E-GOVERNANCE PROJECT IN VARIOUS SECTORS IN INDIA............................................. 4
1.9 MAJOR ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF E-GOVERNANCE IN INDIA................................... 5
1.10 REQUIREMENT FOR E-GOVERNANCE ..................................................................................... 5
1.11 E-GOVERNANCE AND LIBRARY................................................................................................. 5
1.12 PROPOSED FUTURE TECHNOLOGY OF E-GOVERNANCE................................................. 5
2. E-GOVERNANCE IN NATIONS DEVELOPMENT .............................................................................. 6
CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................................ 8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................................ 8

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1. What Is e-Governance? How it helps in nations development.
Answer
1. E-GOVERNANCE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Government is a group of people who run, control, governs or rule the administration of a
country. Governance in simple words is an act of governing or ruling. People are using
Governance concept since the fourteenth century. Harland Cleveland in 1972 first used the
word ‘governance’ as an alternative word to Public administration. According to him, “the
organisations that get things done will no longer be hierarchical pyramids with most of the
real control at the top” (Cleveland, 1972). World bank was the first international
organization who used the term governance also, United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP) has mentioned and viewed this concept. Governance is the set of rules and laws
implemented through the state representatives which is framed by government. Governance
can be followed everywhere in the small and large organization, single cell or department,
for humankind. Technology revolution has touched every facet of life in the world. E-
governance is electronic governance where Information and Communication Technology
(ICT) is integrated in all the services to enhance government ability and provide efficient
and simplified public services to every citizen of the nation. Simple Moral, Accountable,
Responsive, Transparent (SMART) governance prefixed with “e” and became e-
governance. There are four major types and five stages of e-governance. E-governance
play major role for government departments to support tasks performed by government, it
is a process. Indian government has taken many initiatives for e-governance. It is not only
for introducing the ICT in government but also for changing the work culture, mindset of
people to serve the better services. At National, State, local level has their own dedicated
e-governance project. e-Administration, e-Government services, e-Democracy, e-
Governance are different domains of e-governance. Government, Citizens and
Businesses are major three components of e-governance. Connectivity, knowledge, data
content and capital are the four pillars of e-governance. Helping to achieving new
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by United nations.
1.2 DEFINITIONS
1.2.1 E- Government E-government and e-governance both are different things. E-
government is implementation of ICT to improve government services and activities.
e-government uses one-way communication protocol and two-way communication protocol
is use by e-governance.

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1.2.2 E-Governance As mentioned in Vikaspedia (“Concept of e-governance,” 2020) “It
is established that E-governance is the application of information and communication
technologies to transform the efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and accountability of
informational and transactional exchanges with in government, between government & govt.
agencies of National, State, Municipal and Local levels, citizen & businesses, and to
empower citizens through access & use of information.” (Mahapatra, 2006).
1.3 E-GOVERNANCE INITIATIVES IN INDIA
Official website of National e-Governance Division India (NeGD), 2009 –
(https://negd.gov.in/node/67). Department of Electronics and National Informatics Centre
(NIC) is established by Government of India in 1970 and 1977 respectively. It was a major
step towards e-governance. After that government offices started using computers for office
work. Slowly, with the advent of ICT government offices started using technology by the late
1980’s. Launch of National Informatics Centre Network (NICNET) in 1987 was the first
milestone of e-governance. Followed by the District Information System programme of the
National Informatics Centre (DISNIC) by offering free software and hardware to state
government for computerising district offices. Then NIC connected all district offices. In 2006
through Common Service Centres (CSCs), National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) initiated
to provide services to layman across India. Many international donor agencies are involved
in ‘e-governance for development.’ NKC also recommended several changes and
suggestion in e-governance. on May 18, 2006, 8 components and 27 Mission Mode
Projects (MMPs) approved by government. In year 2011 PDS, Health, Posts and Education
projects added to the projects MMPs now it is comprising of 31 MMPs. MMPs includes state
Government category, Central Government Category and Integrated Services Category.
The major core infrastructure components are State Data Centres (SDCs), Mobile e-
Governance Service Delivery Gateway (MSDG),State Wide Area Networks (SWAN), , State
e-Governance Service Delivery Gateway (SSDG) and National e-governance Service
Delivery Gateway (NSDG).
1.4 OBJECTIVE, MISSION AND VISION E-GOVERNANCE IN INDIA
Vision of NDLI is "Make all Government services accessible to the common man in his
locality, through common service delivery outlets, and ensure efficiency, transparency, and
reliability of such services at affordable costs to realise the basic needs of the common man."
(“Ministry of electronics & Information Technology,” n.d.) Mission is to promote e-
governance in every field for the betterment of citizens. Objective of e-governance is to
support and simplify governance through the use of ICT and connect Government, Citizens
and Businesses.

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Home page of “National e-governance Division” (“National e-governance Division,” n.d.)
1.5 ROLE OF ICT IN E-GOVERNANCE
For e-governance Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is the techniques and
tools using for storage, acquisitions, dissemination, communication of information. It is a
way through government and citizens are connected. Also, helping to improve the quality
services of governance. It became easier to exchange knowledge and information.
1.6 DEVELOPMENTAL PHASES OF E-GOVERNANCE
There are four phases of e-governance through which e-governance applications has
evolved this is framed by Gartner. Phase I – Presence (Information) this is an approval
level and provide relevant information through website, online portals. The information
available through public domain (eg. ‘India Image’ portal). Phase II – Interaction this
phase is related to enhance and exchange relationship between government to
citizens and government to business. People can contact via email, use search engines
and saves the time also services are available 24*7 (eg. passport information portal of
India). Phase III – Transaction involves establishing websites and other applications that
allow users to conduct transactions and payments online in which e-authentication is
required (eg. e-Sampark System). Phase IV – Transformation in this full transformation
of government services is being done where people can get virtual single platform for
all services available around the clock.
1.7 TYPES OF E-GOVERNANCE SERVICE DELIVERY MODELS AND APPLICATIONS
G2G - Government to Government The flow of information within the government can be
horizontal i.e. between different government agencies and vertical i.e. between different
levels of national, provincial and local government agencies and within the same
organization, G2C - Government to Consumer category of application is interaction

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between government and consumer provide long range public services. G2B - Government
to Business level of application helps to interaction between government and business and
promote more transparent business. The aim is to reduce operational bottlenecks, decrease
red tapes and save time. G2E - Government to Employee interaction of government to
employees since government is the biggest employer. This four are different types of E-
Governance Service Delivery Models.
(Evolution of e-Governance, n.d.). Evolution of e-Governance Overview of e-
Governance solutions for each phase
1.8 E-GOVERNANCE PROJECT IN VARIOUS SECTORS IN INDIA
Government has implemented e-governance almost in every sector, department and
agencies. Including Income Tax department, Company Affairs, Passport/VISA, Road
Transport, Land Records, Agriculture include projects like Agmarknet, Nav Krishi, Rashtrya
Krishi Vikas Yojna, Health project such as Mother and Child Tracking System (MCTS), Gram
Panchayats (Rural), In education sector projects like AISES All India School Education
Survey Courts are helping students., etc.
▪ In this COVID-19 pandemic the latest e-Governance initiative is “Arogya Setu”
Mobile Application by NIC.
▪ Plant Quarantine Information System (PQIS). To prevent the entry of exotic pests
into the country. This is operational from 2002.
▪ Recent “e-Pramaan and G-I cloud” an initiative which will ensure benefits of cloud
computing for e-Governance projects.

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1.9 MAJOR ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF E-GOVERNANCE IN INDIA
There are many front-end challenges relate to user-specific issues and back-end
challenges relate to technical, process or human resource issues within the government.
Technical, economical and Organizational are major three categories of challenges.
Digital divide is the major problem in India as India is facing economic poverty up to
certain extend. For the implementation of e-governance ICT infrastructure is required and
for that high cost is required. A lack of clear security standards and protocols can limit
the development of projects. Technical and lingual illiteracy is one of the issues as many
services are manly in English and most of the Indian citizens are unaware of this language.
Lack of trust and acceptance of technology are major issues. Lack of knowledge about
reengineering and restructuring administration which helps to provide e-governance
services.
1.10 REQUIREMENT FOR E-GOVERNANCE
High and well-developed Information and communication technologies infrastructure
is required in government departments. High bandwidth internet connectivity. Government
and agencies should be willing to share and reengineering the information. Social and
political commitment from the government. Mainly, Citizens of the country needs to be
aware of their responsibilities, duties and rights. Information and Knowledge
Management Skills, Analytical and Technical Skills, Communication and Presentation Skills,
Project Management Skills these skills are necessary for e-governance implementation.
1.11 E-GOVERNANCE AND LIBRARY
Public libraries can play major role in providing e-governance services and resources.
Libraries can guide users about e-governance through digital literacy programme. In the
absence of basic infrastructure public libraries can become and use as information centres
or public kiosks. Even Academic libraries can motivate students, researchers, teachers to
help other and could help in bridging the digital divide.
1.12 PROPOSED FUTURE TECHNOLOGY OF E-GOVERNANCE
Open Source Software and Cloud Computing are two major technologies are boon to make
e-Governance more efficient and powerful. In future cloud computing will be the most
reliable technology for e-governance. Many Artificial Intelligence techniques will help e-
governance to develop and provide services efficiently.

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2. E-GOVERNANCE IN NATIONS DEVELOPMENT
From urban states to rural areas E-Governance is implemented by government in almost
every field. Every citizen is dependent on e-governance. It is citizen centric. Main objective
is to support and simplify governance for all citizen, employees, businesses. E-governance
connects the citizen and government with ease and speed and hence has a pivotal role in
the governance agenda. It is directly and indirectly helping in nations development. E-
governance is not only helping nation to develop at national level but it is increasing the
value of India at international level.
▪ Reduced corruption and increased transparency
E-governance has high impact on corruption as highly corrupted departments like
on income tax, sales tax and property tax has gone online. E-governance
applications improves service level and reduces corruption. Projects like Lokvani,
Bhoomi, Computer-aided Administration of Registration Department (Andhra
Pradesh, India, Chief Vigilance Commission Web site, etc helping to reduce
corruption which is ultimately helping our nation to grow and develop in right way.
As with increased transparency people can trace their activity which is helping them to
take right decision and every citizen can access the information and can use his/her rights
for right things at every time nobody can stop them. Due to transparency rules, standards
and procedures for decision making are open, clear, verifiable, and predictable. Since
poor people bear the largest costs of administrative inefficiency and corruption, delivery
of services through rural kiosks leads to their economic and social empowerment.
▪ Bridging the Affordability gap
E-governance is making citizen even rural people digitally empowered. In order to bridge
the affordability gap in rural areas. To every citizen e-governance is making available
the services at low cost. In December, 2016 TRAI recommended on ‘Encouraging Data
usage in Rural Areas through Provisioning of Free Data’, suggesting a reasonable
amount of data, say 100 MB per month, be made available to rural subscribers for free.
The cost of implementation of the scheme may be met from USOF. Also, helping to
reduce digital divide.
▪ Increased Accountability
Due to e-governance accountability has increased which is directly and indirectly helping
nation to develop. The responsibility for decisions made, and for their implementation,
and for the results that the intervention has produced. E-governance helped in
accountability to provide and creating a good governance activity as a part of

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improving public confidence in government performance. The conception of
accountability can be seen that government officials are not only accountable to higher
authorities in the institutional chain of command but also accountable to the general
public, non-governmental organizations, mass media and many other stakeholders. e-
office MMP is a milestone in the national e-governance plan. The project will bring
efficiency, transparency, accountability and consistency in the services of the
government.
▪ Growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
There is a relation between corruption control and growth in economy of nation.
Reduction of corruption has great impact on economic growth of nation. Due to efficient
management and services of e-governance per capita income has increased and also
enhanced the standards of governments. E-governance helps in improving
international trades.
▪ Supporting Poor People:
Through Unique Identity numbers or Aadhar Card government is implementing many
services for rural area. Such as Pradhanmantri Jan Dhan Yojana , Mudra Loan , etc which
is motivating citizens to step towards digital India. With the Mahatma Gandhi National
Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA), Rashtrya Swasth Bima Yogna (RSBY),
Public Distribution System (PDS) which helps large number of poor and underprivileged.
▪ Supporting e- democracy
Due to e-governance direct participation of constituents became possible. Citizen
received the political self-determination. Which is supporting human freedom and
development.
▪ Improvement of information quality and information supply
Introduction of ICT in government support free flow of information. Accuracy of
information, relevance, precision, timeliness and openness of information provides great
return on public investment and economic growth. The different kiosk at every level
provide information in various regional languages.
▪ Increased convenience
The process time and administration burdens are reduced. Citizens can use the service
through e-governance anytime from anywhere. Such as they can pay bills through
dedicated mobile applications, websites withing a few minutes with proper digitized and
e- documents. It has expanded the reach of government and providing better
government services through efficient government management.

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▪ Reduction in overall cost
The cost of services has reduced because of e-governance. Now government
departments are charging minimal processing fee up to certain extend. Also, the cost of
buying stationary for official purpose is reduced.
▪ E-governance is improving access to justice and law giving right to citizen for directly
participate in government activities. The best example of this RTI act (2005). Before
Central Right To Information Act in 2005 it was impossible for layman to know information
by a public authority. Through online portal citizens can track and easily file the RTI.
▪ Providing Repositories
Repositories like “Digi Locker” helping to store citizens documents securely.
Government, citizens, business have come closer due to e-governance and everyone
should do their duties which will increase productivity and will ultimately help development
of nation.
CONCLUSION
Good governance is backbone of e-governance and e-governance is a tool for achieving
good governance. E-governance helping to achieve Sustainable Development Goals. E-
governance aims to support and simplify governance for government, citizens and
businesses. There are different factors, services of e-governance helping nation to develop
and increase the standard of nation at national and international level.
REFERENCES
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https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/Home/ViewSubject?catid=21
2. Bala,M. & Verma, D. ( 2018). Governance to Good Governance through e-Governance:
A critical review of Concept, Model, Initiatives & Challenges in India. International Journal
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http://www.ijmra.us/project%20doc/2018/IJMIE_OCTOBER2018/IJMRA-14545.pdf
3. Cleveland, H. (1972). The future executive: a guide for tomorrow's managers. The
University of California, Harper & Row. (ISBN - 0060108177)
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divide. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/96536/15/15_chapter-8.pdf
5. Evolution of e-Governance. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/184154/12/12_chapter%203.pdf

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6. History and Development of E-Governance. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/2019/10/10_chapter-3.pdf
7. Introduction to Governance and E-Governance. (n.d.). Retrieved from
Khotami (2017). The Concept Of Accountability In Good Governance. Proceedings
of the International Conference on Democracy, Accountability and Governance (ICODAG
2017). https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/icodag-17/25886136
8. Kooiman, J. (2000). Societal Governance: Levels, Models and Orders of Social-Political
Interaction. Debating Governance: Authority, Steering and Democracy. Oxford, Oxford
University Press.
9. Ministry of electronics & Information Technology. (n.d.). Retrieved June 20, 2020
https://meity.gov.in/divisions/national-e-governance-plan
10.Mukund N. (2014). eGovernance Explained [PowerPoint Slides]. Retrieved from
https://www.slideshare.net/mukundnadgowda/e-governance-explained-mukund-
nadgowda?qid=2341d3ac-b083-41b0-a9c7-97d544232fbe&v=&b=&from_search=2
11. National e-governance Division. (n.d.). Retrieved June 20, 2020
https://negd.gov.in/node/67
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13. Singh, S. & Singh,R. (2018). Impact of e-governance in India: Opportunities &
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International Journal of Computer Applications, 53 (7), 36-48. Retrieved from
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