Session 10 - EVS revision
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The document discusses environmental studies and disaster management. It begins by defining the environment as complete ecological units including natural and living things that interact with climate, weather, natural resources and affect human survival. It then lists some environmental challenges like pollution, species extinction, deforestation and population growth. The document continues by outlining foundational principles for a circular economy including keeping products and materials in use, regenerating natural systems, and designing out waste and pollution. It provides examples of global water usage and the water footprint of various products. The effects of groundwater depletion and ways to reduce water stress are presented. Key concepts around ecosystems, ecosystem services, wetlands and their benefits are defined. Areas of critical importance for humanity like health, poverty
Session 10 - EVS revision
- 1. Revision Sesion-10: Environmental Studies & Disaster Management Prof. Ajay Mohan Goel ajay.goel@bmu.edu.in
- 2. What is Environment? Complete ecological units that function as natural systems without massive civilized human intervention, including all: 2 22/02/2020 Add a footer • Natural environment • Living & non-living things • Occurring Naturally • On Earth • Interaction of: • All living species • Climate • Weather • Natural resources • That affect: • Human Survival • Economic Activity •Elements • Air • Water • Soil • Minerals
- 3. Environmental Challenges • Pollution • Species extinction • GlobalWarming • Deforestation • Forest Fires • Floods • Changing climate cycle • Human Population Growth 3 22/02/2020 Add a footer
- 4. Foundational Principles for Circular Economy 4 22/02/2020 Add a footer
- 5. Foundational Principles for Circular Economy Restorative & Regenerative by Design 5 22/02/2020 Add a footer
- 6. Foundational Principles for Circular Economy. 6 22/02/2020 Add a footer •What if we could build an economy that uses things, rather than uses them up? Keep Products and Materials in USE •What if we could not only protect but actively improve the environment? Regenerate Natural Systems •What if waste and pollution were never created in the first place? Design out Waste and POLLUTION
- 7. Foundational Principles for Circular Economy. 7 22/02/2020 Add a footer •What if we could build an economy that uses things, rather than uses them up? We can’t keep wasting resources. Design some products and components so that they can be reused, repaired and remanufactured. But making things last forever is not the only solution.When it comes to products like food or packaging, we should be able to get the materials back, so they don’t end up in landfill. Keep Products and Materials in USE •What if we could not only protect but actively improve the environment? In nature, there is no concept of waste. Everything is food for something else – a leaf that falls from a tree feeds the forest. Instead of simply trying to do less harm, we should aim to do good. By returning valuable nutrients to the soil and other ecosystems, we can enhance our natural resources. Regenerate Natural Systems •What if waste and pollution were never created in the first place? A circular economy reveals and designs out the negative impacts of economic activity that cause damage to human health and natural systems.This includes the release of greenhouses gases and hazardous substances, the pollution of air, land, and water, as well as structural waste such as traffic congestion. Design out Waste and POLLUTION
- 8. Global Water Usage 8 22/02/2020 Add a footer 1.(Adapted from FAO, 2012) 1. Domestic 2. Agriculture 3. Industrial Use
- 9. Water Footprint Sugar (1Kg) 1782 Liters one pizza margherita (725 gram) 1259 Liters Pork (1 Kg) 5990 Liters Orange (1 Kg) 560 Liters Leather (Bovine) (1 Kg) 17,000 Liters Butter (1 kg) 5553 Liters Wheat Bread (1 kg) 1608 Wheat (1 kg) 1827 Rice (1 Kg)) 2500 Jeans (1 pair) 10,000 Liters CottonT-Shirt (500 Gm) 4100 9 22/02/2020 Add a footer
- 10. Effects of Ground WaterTable Depletion 10 22/02/2020 Add a footer • Force us to pump water from deeper within the Earth. • Large bodies of water will become shallower from groundwater depletion • Saltwater contamination can occur • As large aquifers are depleted, food supply and people will suffer • limits biodiversity and dangerous sinkholes result from depleted aquifers
- 11. Ways to Reduce Water Stress Increase agricultural efficiency • Use seeds requiring less water • Improve irrigation techniques • Remove electrical subsidy • Develop technologies for improving agriculture efficiency • Reduce food loss & waste Invest in grey and green infrastructure • Build Grey Infrastructure like Pipes &Treatment plants • Invest in Green infrastructure (like wetlands & watersheds) Treat, reuse and recycle • Treating & reusing creates a new water source • Reuse or sell energy- and nutrient-rich byproducts of waste-water treatment Stop Polluting Rivers 11 22/02/2020 Add a footer
- 12. What is an Ecosystem? • A dynamic complex of plant, animal, and microorganism communities and the non-living environment interacting as a functional unit. • Humans are an integral part of ecosystems. • Ecosystems vary enormously in size; a temporary pond in a tree hollow and an ocean basin can both be ecosystems. 12 22/02/2020 Add a footer
- 13. 13 22/02/2020 Add a footer Product obtained from ecosystems • Food • FreshWater • Fuelwood • Fiber • Biochemicals • Genetic resources Services necessary for production of all other ecosystem services • Soil Formation • Nutrient cycling • Primary Production • Biodiversity maintenance Benefits obtained from regulation of ecosystem processes • Climate regulation • Disease regulation • Water regulation • Water purification • Flood attenuation • Groundwater recharge Nonmaterial benefits obtained from ecosystems • Spiritual & religious • Recreation and ecotourism
- 14. HumanWell-being: what are its key constituents? • Has multiple constituents, including • basic material for a good life, • freedom and choice, • health, • good social relations, and • security. • Well- being is at the opposite end of a continuum from poverty, which has been defined as a “pronounced deprivation in well-being.” • The constituents of well-being, as experienced and perceived by people, are situation-dependent, reflecting local geography, culture, and ecological circumstances. 14 22/02/2020 Add a footer
- 15. Ecosystem services from wetlands 15 22/02/2020 Add a footer
- 16. Wetlands - Ramsar Convention’s definition 16 22/02/2020 Add a footer
- 17. What are the benefits of Wetlands? • Provide us water, • Protect us from floods, droughts and other disasters, • Provide food and livelihoods to millions of people, • Support rich biodiversity • Store more carbon than any other ecosystem. • Contribute directly or indirectly to 75 SDG indicators • Complex biogeochemical processes maintain functional wetland ecosystems 17 22/02/2020 Add a footer
- 18. Tragedy of the Commons • Individuals, acting independently and rationally according to each one's self-interest, behave contrary to the whole group's long-term best interests by depleting some common resource 18 22/02/2020 Add a footer
- 19. The Global Goals for Sustainable Development 19 22/02/2020 Add a footer
- 20. Areas of Critical Importance for Humanity and the Planet 20 22/02/2020 Add a footer People • Healthy Environment • Poverty removal • Education Planet • Protect the planet from degradation • Sustainable consumption and production • sustainably managing its natural resources • Preventing & reversing climate change Prosperity • Economic, social and technological progress occurs in harmony with nature Peace • No sustainable development without peace • No peace without sustainable development Partnerships
- 21. Largest business themes in a world economy heading for the Global Goals 21 22/02/2020 Add a footer
- 22. FiveTransformational Policies 22 22/02/2020 Add a footer Rapid renewable energy growth • Halving emissions every decade from 2020 Accelerated sustainable food chains • +1% / year better productivity New development model in the developing world • Copying aspects of S-Korean / Chinese / Ethiopian Success Active inequality reduction • Ensuring 10% richest < 40% of Income Investment in educating all, gender equality, health, family planning • Improves wellbeing with reduced ecological footprint
- 23. 23 22/02/2020 Add a footer Wetlands and biodiversity 2 February 2020 Wetlands and biodiversity 2 February 2020 Wetland biodiversity matters Loss of wetlands = Loss of biodiversity End biodiversity loss, restore wetlands For the climate 30% of land-based carbon is stored in peatlands 87% of the world’s wetlands have been lost globally in the last 300 years One million animal and plant species threatened with extinction Key drivers of wetland loss • Pollution • Drainage • Land conversion Learn more: WorldWetlandsDay.org #WetlandBiodiversityMatters For economies Wetlands provide USD 47 trillion in essential services annually CO2 Wetland species threatened with extinction • Reptiles • Amphibians • Water birds • Mammals For clean water Swamps and marshes remove pollutants For jobs One billion people depend on wetlands for their livelihoods
- 24. Thank you 2422/02/2020 Add a footer Prof. Ajay Mohan Goel ajay.goel@bmu.edu.in