Method of Data Collection
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This document discusses methods of data collection, including sources of primary and secondary data. It provides details on 5 methods for collecting primary data: direct personal investigation through interviews; indirect oral investigation through enumerators; local reporters and questionnaires; mailed questionnaires; and observation. Secondary data collection methods include published sources from international organizations, government publications, commercial research institutions, and unpublished sources. The key difference between primary and secondary data is that primary data is collected directly by the researcher specifically for the research problem, while secondary data was originally collected by others for different purposes.
Method of Data Collection
- 1. METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION Prepared By Utkarsh Amaravat 1
- 2. Need of Data Collection • To get information for analysis. • To get idea about real time situation. • For comparison between two situation. 2
- 3. Factors to be considered before collection of Data • Object and scope of the enquiry. • Sources of information. • Quantitative expression. • Techniques of data collection. • Unit of collection. 3
- 5. Internal and External Source of Data Internal Sources of Data Many institutions and departments have information about their regular functions, for their own internal purpose. When those information is used in any survey, it’s called Internal Source Of Collection of Data. E.g.., Railway Educational Institutes & Social Welfare Societies etc. 5 External Sources of Data When information is collected form outside agencies, it is called external source of data. Such type of data are either Primary or Secondary. This type of information can be collected by Census or Sampling method by conducting surveys.
- 6. Primary Data • Primary data are those which are collected for the first time. • It is real time data which are collected by the researcher himself. • This is the process of Collecting and making use of the data. • This Data originated by the researcher specifically to address the research problem. 6
- 7. Method of Collecting Primary Data 1. Direct personal Investigation ( i.e. Interview Method) Under this method the investigator collect the data personally. He approaches the objects, conducts the enquiry on the spot, collects information and does the needful. For the successful collection of data under this method, it’s necessary that the investigator should be polite, unbiased and ware of the local conditions, environment and languages. 7
- 8. 2. Indirect oral investigation ( i.e. through enumerators) Under this the investigator doesn’t collects the information directly, instead he gets them indirectly through those persons who know the information and who are ready to part away with the information they posses. This method is used incase where direct contact is not possible. 3. Investigation through Local reporters Questionnaire In this method data are not collected through specially appointed agents/ correspondents/investigators/enumerators but local agents or correspondents are requested to collect the information. They collect the information in their own fashion and according to their liking’s and disliking’s. 8
- 9. 4. Investigation through mailed Questionnaire Under this method the investigator may either appoint local agents/ investigators/ enumerators and mail them the questionnaire for collecting information or collecting by his own using mail or telephone. 9
- 10. 5. Investigation through Observation In this watching behavior of object and most commonly used method in behavior science. One major problem in this method is that Natural response is not obtained when respondent know he is observed. Type of Observation- 1) Participant Observation 2) Non-Participant Observation 3) Disguised Observation 4) Controlled Observation 5) Uncontrolled Observation 10
- 11. Secondary Data • Secondary data are those that have already been collected by others. • These are usually in journals, periodicals, dailies, research publications, official records etc. • Secondary data may be available in the published or unpublished form. When it is not possible to collect the data by primary method, the investigator go for Secondary method. • This Data collected for some purpose other than the problem at hand. 11
- 12. Method of Collecting Secondary Data 1. Published Sources a) International Publication UNO publishes a number of journals and periodicals which are best sources of secondary data for national as well as international facts. b) Government Publications The Govt. of India as well as other state Govt. publish data for their use as well as for the use of researcher and others. These data are very much accurate and reliable for various types of investigations. 12
- 13. c) Publication Municipal corporations, boards, etc. publish data pertaining to birth rate, death rate, literacy, etc. These can be effectively put to use by investigators. d) Commercials Research, Educational Institute, Unions, Organizations etc. These institutions also conduct enquiry and publish their reports through which data can be had for use of investigators enquiring on the related subjects. 13
- 14. 2. Unpublished Sources In some of the cases, enquiry are conducted, data are classified and analyzed but due to some reasons or other findings are published though they are preserved either by the individual or a society. They can also be used by the investigators as Secondary Data. 14
- 15. Difference between Primary and Secondary Data Primary Data Secondary Data Real time data. Past data. Sure about sources of data. Not sure about sources of data. Help to give results/finding. Refining the problem. Costly and Time consuming process. Cheap and No time consuming process. Avoid biasness of response data. Can not know in data biasness or not. More flexible. Less Flexible. 15