Lecture 1 introduction to computer and its organization
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The document discusses the history and development of computers over five generations from 1942 to present. It describes the transition from vacuum tubes to transistors to integrated circuits, which allowed computers to decrease in size, increase in speed and processing power. It also categorizes computers based on components and use, and outlines the basic organization of a computer including input/output, storage, and central processing units.
Lecture 1 introduction to computer and its organization
- 1. Rajdeep Chatterjee Assistant Professor School of Computer Engineering KIIT University
- 2. “Necessity is the Mother of Invention” - Plato (360 B.C.) Rajdeep Chatterjee - Asst. Professor -School of Computer Engineering
- 3. COMPUTER Commonly Operating Machine Programming for Trade Education & Research - My Own Definition Rajdeep Chatterjee - Asst. Professor -School of Computer Engineering
- 4. Computer Generations First Generation (1942 – 1955) Use of Vacuum Tube, Larger in size and, Slower in execution speed, The MARK – I Computer (1937 - 1944) The ENIAC (1943 – 1946) The EDVAC (1946 - 1952) The EDSAC (1947 – 1949) The UNIVAC (1951) Rajdeep Chatterjee - Asst. Professor -School of Computer Engineering
- 5. Computer Generations Second Generation (1955 - 1964) Use of Transistors over Vacuum Tubes, Redued in size and Enhancement of execution speed, Large memory led to the development of high level languages like FORTRAN, COBOL. e.g. IBM 7000 Rajdeep Chatterjee - Asst. Professor -School of Computer Engineering
- 6. Computer Generations Third Generation (1964- 1975) Silicon transistor replaced germanium transistor, MSIC was developed, FORTRAN IV and COBOL 68. e.g. IBM PL/1 Rajdeep Chatterjee - Asst. Professor -School of Computer Engineering
- 7. Computer Generations Fourth Generation – first phase (1975-1988) LSIC and VLSIC were developed, Low cost, high capacity secondary memory, Computer cost came down, IBM Personal Computer came with Intel 8008, Microsoft developed MSDOS for PCs, Rajdeep Chatterjee - Asst. Professor -School of Computer Engineering
- 8. Computer Generations Fourth Generation - second phase (1985) Unix OS became popular, Later Intel and others came with high performance processors like Pentium, High level language such as C, C++ and Java came, PROLOG -- a logic oriented language was designed, Continuing with modern day Core i3/5/7 processors, Google developed Android platform for smart phones and hand-held devices. Rajdeep Chatterjee - Asst. Professor -School of Computer Engineering
- 9. Computer Generations Fifth Generation (1999) It is supposed to perform much calculation using massive parallel processing. It aims to create an computer with supercomputer-like performance and to provide a platform for future developments in artificial intelligence. The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop devices that respond to natural language input and are capable of learning and self-organization. Rajdeep Chatterjee - Asst. Professor -School of Computer Engineering
- 10. Classification based on Computing Rajdeep Chatterjee - Asst. Professor -School of Computer Engineering
- 11. Classification based on Chips Rajdeep Chatterjee - Asst. Professor -School of Computer Engineering
- 12. Classification of Computer Desktop PC Laptop PC Hand held Device (ipad, galaxy tab) Smart Phone Workstation Server Mainframe Computer Super Computer Rajdeep Chatterjee - Asst. Professor -School of Computer Engineering
- 13. Computer Organization Input Unit Output Unit Storage Unit Central Processing Unit (CPU) Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) Control Unit Rajdeep Chatterjee - Asst. Professor -School of Computer Engineering
- 14. Computer Organization Rajdeep Chatterjee - Asst. Professor -School of Computer Engineering Von Neumann Machine
- 15. Computer Hardware Key Board Monitor CPU Secondary Storage Primary Storage Mother - board Processor Floppy Disk CD – DVD RAM/ROM Flash Drive Rajdeep Chatterjee - Asst. Professor -School of Computer Engineering
- 16. Computer Storage Devices Registers Part of CPU. Varies due to computer architectures. e.g. HYPCOM has ACC, IR and PC. Cache Memory L1 Cache Fabricated as a part of CPU chip. Data / Instruction Cache. L2 Cache Slower than L1 Cache. Larger than L1 but quite smaller than RAM. Rajdeep Chatterjee - Asst. Professor -School of Computer Engineering
- 17. Computer Storage Devices Primary Memory Read Only Memory (ROM) Basic Input Output System (BIOS) is stored here. BIOS is responsible for ‘booting process’. Random Access Memory (RAM) Volatile in nature. CPU can only access to the RAM. Rajdeep Chatterjee - Asst. Professor -School of Computer Engineering
- 18. Computer Storage Devices Secondary Memory Large in size & cheap compared to RAM. Flash Memory EEPROM Compact and non-volatile. Rajdeep Chatterjee - Asst. Professor -School of Computer Engineering
- 19. Access speed & Storage Trade-off Rajdeep Chatterjee - Asst. Professor -School of Computer Engineering Processor (Registers) Cache Memory Primary Memory Secondary Memory Faster Access Time Larger Storage Space
- 20. Questions ? Rajdeep Chatterjee - Asst. Professor -School of Computer Engineering