Introduction to Structured Computer Organization
- 2. Languages, Levels, Virtual Machines A multilevel machine
- 3. Contemporary Multilevel Machines A six-level computer. The support method for each level is indicated below it .
- 4. Evolution of Multilevel Machines Invention of microprogramming Invention of operating system Migration of functionality to microcode Elimination of microprogramming
- 5. Operating System Tasks A sample job for the FMS operating system
- 6. Milestones in Computer Architecture (1) Some milestones in the development of the modern digital computer.
- 7. Milestones in Computer Architecture (2) Some milestones in the development of the modern digital computer.
- 8. Computer Generations Zeroth Generation Mechanical Computers (1642 – 1945) First Generation Vacuum Tubes (1945 – 1955) Second Generation Transistors (1955 – 1965) Third Generation Integrated Circuits (1965 – 1980) Fourth Generation Very Large Scale Integration (1980 – ?)
- 9. Von Neumann Machine The original Von Neumann machine.
- 10. PDP-8 Innovation – Single Bus The PDP-8 omnibus
- 11. IBM 360 The initial offering of the IBM product line.
- 12. Technological and Economic Forces Moore’s law predicts a 60-percent annual increase in the number of transistors that can be put on a chip. The data points given in this figure are memory sizes, in bits.
- 13. The Computer Spectrum The current spectrum of computers available. The prices should be taken with a grain (or better yet, a metric ton) of salt.
- 14. Personal Computer A printed circuit board is at the heart of every personal computer. This figure is a photograph of the Intel D875PBZ board. The photograph is copyrighted by the Intel Corporation, 2003 and is used by permission. 1. Pentium 4 socket 2. 875P Support chip 3. Memory sockets 4. AGP connector 5. Disk interface 6. Gigabit Ethernet 7. Five PCI slots 8. USB 2.0 ports 9. Cooling technology 10. BIOS
- 15. Example Computer Families Pentium 4 by Intel UltraSPARC III by Sun Microsystems The 8051 chip by Intel, used for embedded systems
- 16. Intel Computer Family (1) The Intel CPU family. Clock speeds are measured in MHz (megahertz) where 1 MHZ is 1 million cycles/sec.
- 17. Intel Computer Family (2) The Pentium 4 chip. The photograph is copyrighted by the Intel Corporation, 2003 and is used by permission.
- 18. Intel Computer Family (3) Moore’s law for (Intel) CPU chips.
- 19. MCS-51 Family Members of the MCS-51 family.
- 20. Metric Units The principal metric prefixes.