Inheritance.ppt
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- Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk who discovered the basic principles of heredity through experiments breeding pea plants in his monastery garden in the mid-1800s. - His experiments showed that certain traits are inherited in predictable patterns, with dominant traits masking recessive traits, and his findings became the foundation of modern genetics and the study of heredity. - Mendel is considered the founder of genetics and his work was ahead of its time, though it was not widely recognized until after his death.
Inheritance.ppt
- 2. LOOP A WORD B K J K Y I C N X K K Z O K O Y E P Y T O N E H P H W B Q I U T K H G B C H D B H O M O Z Y G O U Z L N W Z U O G Y Z O R E T E H L H E R E D I T Y E N E G T J S V R X X Y S Y Q S N N G R W D O M I N A N T C C O A L L E L E G S H F V E E V I S S E C E R I Y F B O I G R L Q E H V O W J J G G E N O T Y P E D R C N O S G E N E T I C S W P allele heredity dominant heterozygouz gene homozygouz genetics phenotype genotype recessive
- 3. GENES AND ALLELES Read Pg 92 -A great idea- and answer: What is the difference between a GENE and ALLELE?
- 4. GENES AND ALLELES ALLELE A specific variation of a gene. The allele can be dominant or recessive. GENE Section of DNA that controls a certain trait. Formed by 2 alleles (♀ & ♂)
- 5. GENES AND ALLELES ALLELE Blue eyes, green eyes, type A blood, black skin, white skin GENE Eye color, blood type, skin color
- 6. GENES AND ALLELES Read Pg 92 and93 -A great idea- and answer: What is the difference between a GENOTYPE and PHENOTYPE?
- 7. GENES AND ALLELES GENOTYPE Heritable genetic identity PHENOTYPE Description of your actual physical characteristics
- 11. Gregor Johann Mendel Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk who discovered the basic principles of heredity through experiments in his garden. Mendel's observations became the foundation of modern genetics and the study of heredity, and he is widely considered a pioneer in the field of genetics. Synopsis Gregor Mendel, known as the "father of modern genetics," was born in Austria in 1822. A monk, Mendel discovered the basic principles of heredity through experiments in his monastery's garden. His experiments showed that the inheritance of certain traits in pea plants follows particular patterns, subsequently becoming the foundation of modern genetics and leading to the study of heredity.
- 12. Genotype Tall is dominant over short in pea plants. Show the cross of a homozygous short plant is crossed with a homozygous tall plant. ♀ : ♂
- 13. Calculate Probabilities Total number of outcomes Probability of an event happening = Number of ways it can happen 100 x
- 14. Calculate Probabilities A bag contains 4 red marbles, 16 yellow marbles, 5 purple marbles, 16 blue marbles, and 10 green marbles. What is the probability of pulling out a red or a green marble? What is the probability of pulling out a red marble? Total number of outcomes Probability = = Number of ways it can happen 4 4+16+5+16+10 100 x
- 15. Genotype Tall is dominant over short in pea plants. Show the cross of a homozygous short plant is crossed with a homozygous tall plant. ♀: tt ♂: TT t t T T Probability: Genotype Phenotype Tt = 100 = 100% 4 4 Tall = 100 = 100% 4 4 t T tT t T tT
- 16. Practice! A tall plant (TT) is crossed with a tall plant (Tt). ♀ : ♂: Phenotype Probability: Genotype
- 17. Practice! In humans, free-ear lobes are dominant to attached. Two parented that are both heterozygous free are expecting a child. What are the chances that the child will have free ear lobes or attached? ♀ : ♂ : Probability: Genotype Phenotype
- 20. 5. Dominant alleles mask the effects of recessive alleles but co- dominant alleles have joint effects Dominant alleles always show their encoded trait, when present in an organism (they mask recessive alleles) Recessive alleles only express their encoded traits when no other alleles are present • Dominant alleles code for functional proteins, while recessive alleles code for non- functional proteins Codominant alleles can have joint effects if both are present* *PatterŶs of iŶheritaŶce, like CodoŵiŶaŶce, that do Ŷot follow MeŶdel’s observations are called Non-Mendelian inheritance patterns.
- 21. Practice! In a species of birds, incomplete dominance between alleles for black (B) and white (b) feathers is observed. Heterozygotes are blue. If two blue birds are crossed, what will be the possible genotypes and phenotypes? ♀ : ♂: Phenotype Probability: Genotype
- 22. Practice! In a certain fish, blue scales and red scales are codominant. When a fish has the genotype Bb, it has a patchwork of blue and red scales. What happens if you breed this fish with a fish that only has Blue Scales. ♀ : ♂: Phenotype Probability: Genotype