4 ql uart_psb_ds_revc

© 2008 QuickLogic Corporation www.quicklogic.com
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Device Highlights
• Transmitter and receiver with independent
256-byte FIFOs to reduce the number of
interrupts to the processor.
• Accommodates 5, 6, 7, or 8 bits per character
• Accommodates 1, 1.5, or 2 stop bits
• Accommodates even, odd, or stick parity with
enable/disable
• Prioritized and independently controlled
interrupts
• Maximum baud rate up to 3 Mbits/sec.
• Programmable baud generator
• Modem control interface
• Complete status reporting capabilities
• Line break and false start bit detection
• DMA signaling
• Software compatible with 16550 UARTs
Overview
UART is a popular method of serial asynchronous
communication. Typically, the UART is connected
between a processor and a peripheral. To the
processor, the UART appears as an 8-bit read-write
parallel port that performs serial-to-parallel
conversions for the processor, and vice versa for the
peripheral.
This 16550 UART core emulates the functionality of
National Semiconductor's PC16550D UART with
FIFOs. It is capable of communicating with any other
16550-compliant UART.
UART Architecture
The UART core consists of a transmitter, a receiver,
a modem interface, a baud generator, an interrupt
controller, and various control and status registers.
The transmitter and receiver perform parallel-to-
serial and serial-to-parallel conversions, respectively.
Each has a 256-byte FIFO to buffer data flow. The
use of FIFO buffers increases the overall
transmission rate by allowing slower processors to
respond, and reducing the amount of time wasted on
context switching. Besides data transfer, they also
facilitate start/stop framing bits, check various parity
options, as well as detect transmission errors.
The modem interface allows the processor to
transmit data to another terminal or handshake to
the modem input signals. It also makes the modem's
status available to the processor. The baud generator
creates a baud rate clock and a receiver reference
clock.
The interrupt controller works with the transmitter,
receiver, and modem interface to notify the
processor of events that require intervention. Some
examples of these events are transmission errors and
modem status changes.
The processor has access to the complete status of
the UART at any time. Information reported
includes the line condition, modem status, as well as
any errors such as parity, overrun, framing, or line
break. The processor can also configure the UART's
operation via various control registers. Figure 1 is
an architectural view of the UART core.
Proven System Block (PSB) for QuickLogic Customer Specific
Standard Products (CSSPs)
Universal Asynchronous
Receiver/Transmitter (UART)
Data Sheet

www.quicklogic.com © 2008 QuickLogic Corporation
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Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) Data Sheet Rev. C
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Figure 1: UART Core Architecture
Divisor
LSBSelect
and
Control
Logic
A[2:0]
CS
ADSn
MR
RD
WR
DDIS
TXRDYn
RXRDYn
SCLK
D[7:0]
INTR
Interrupt
Enable
Register
Interrupt ID
Register
Interrupt Generator
Scratch
Register
Modem
Control
Register
Modem
Status
Register
OUTn[2:1]
RTSn
CTSn
DTRn
DSRn
DCDn
RIn
Divisor
MSB
Baud Generator BAUDOUT
Line Status
Register
Line
Control
FIFO
Control
Register
Receiver
Includes Logic, FIFO,
Shift Register and Hold
Register
Transmitter
Includes Logic, FIFO,
Shift Register and Hold
Register
SIN
RCLK
SOUT
Internal Data Bus
Modem Interface
Register

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Interface List and Description
Table 1 provides details on the core's input and output signals.
Table 1: UART Pin Description
Pin Type Description
System Interface
A[2:0] I
Address lines. Selects an internal UART register during data transfer to and from
the processor.
ADSn I
Address strobe. Active low. The UART recognizes A[2:0] and CS when
ADSn = 0.This signal is used when A[2:0] and CS are unstable for the duration of
an access; else, tie ADSn to low.
CS I Chip select. The UART module is selected if CS = 1.
D[7:0] I/O Data bus. A bi-directional bus between the UART and the processor.
DDIS O
Driver disable. Active low This signal goes low when the UART is driving the data
bus; it can be used to control a transceiver between the processor and the UART.
INTR O Interrupt. This signal goes high whenever an interrupt situation occurs.
MR I Master reset. When this signal is high, it initializes all registers and control logic.
RD I
Read. When RD = 1, the processor can read from the UART. This signal is used
in conjunction with A[2:0], CS, and ADSn.
TXRDYn O
Transmitter ready. Active low. This is used for DMA signaling, and has two modes
of operation: mode 0 supports single transfer DMA, while mode 1 supports
multiple transfer DMA.
RXRDYn O
Receiver ready. Active low. This is used for DMA signaling, and has two modes
of operation: mode 0 supports single transfer DMA, while mode 1 supports
multiple transfer DMA.
SCLK I
System clock. Internal state machines and the baud rate generator all operate at
this frequency.
WR I
Write. When WR is high and chip is selected, the processor can write to the UART.
This signal is used in conjunction with A[2:0], CS, and ADSn.
Serial Interface
BAUDOUT O
Baud rate X 16 clock output. This clock is obtained by dividing the SCLK input
by the Baud Generator Divisor Registers.
RCLK I
Receiver reference clock. This is the baud rate X 16 clock for the receiver
module.
SIN I Serial input. Serial data input from the transmission line.
SOUT O Serial output. Serial data output to the transmission line.
Modem Interface
CTSn I
Clear to send. Active low. When low, this indicates that the modem is ready to
send data to the UART. CTS is a modem status signal. Its condition can be
checked by reading bit 4 in the Modem Status Register. Bit 0 for the Modem Status
Register indicates that CTS has changed states since the last read from the
Modem Status Register.
DCDn I
Data carrier detect. Active low. When low, this indicates that the data carrier has
been detected by the modem.

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Figure 2 shows the UART core I/O pins.
Figure 2: UART Ports
DSRn I
Data set ready. Active low. When low, this signal indicates that the modem is
ready to establish the communications link with the UART.
DTRn O
Data terminal ready. Active low. When low, this informs the modem that the UART
is ready to establish a communications link.
OUTn[2:1] O
User designated output. Active low. These can be controlled via the Modem
Control Register.
RIn I
Ring indicator. Active low. When low, this signal indicates that a telephone ringing
signal has been detected by the modem.
RTSn O
Request to send. Active low. When low, this informs the modem that the UART is
ready to receive data. RTS is set to the active level when the RTS Modem Control
Register bit is set and the Rx FIFO contains a number of data symbols less than
3/4 of its size (less than 192 bytes). RTS is set to the inactive (HIGH) level either
as a result of clearing bit 1 (RTS) of the Modem Control Register, or when Rx FIFO
contains a number of data symbols more than 3/4 of its size (192 bytes or more).
Table 1: UART Pin Description (Continued)
Pin Type Description
A[2:0]
ADSn
CS
MR
RD
WR
DDIS
TXRDYn
RXRDYn
SCLK
INTR
D[7:0]
16550 UART Core
BAUDOUT
SIN
RCLK
SOUT
OUTn[2:1]
RTSn
CTSn
DTRn
DSRn
DCDn
RIn
To Serial Line
To Modem
To Processor

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Register Sets
Memory Map
Divisor Register Access Bit (DRAB) is the most significant bit of the Line Control Register. It is used in
conjunction with the address lines to select the UART register. Table 2 shows the register addresses.
Table 2: Register Addresses
DRAB A[2:0] Selected Register Acronym
0 000
Receive FIFO (Read)
Transmit FIFO (Write)
DATA
0 001 Interrupt Enable IER
x 010
Interrupt Identification (Read)
FIFO Control (Write)
IIR
FCR
x 011 Line Control LCR
x 100 Modem Control MCR
x 101 Line Status LSR
x 110 Modem Status MSR
x 111 Scratch SR
1 000 Divisor, least significant byte DRLSB
1 001 Divisor, most significant type DRMSB

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Register Description
This section describes the core registers' functions and usage.
Line Control Register
This Read-Write register specifies the details of serial communication, such as data format, parity, and break
control. Table 3 shows the Line Control Register.
Table 3: Line Control Register
Bit
Number
Function
7
Divisor registers access bit
0 = Read/Write cycles access the receive/transmit FIFOs, respectively.
1 = Read/Write cycles access the Divisor Registers.
See Table 2 on page 5 for more details.
6
Break condition
0 = transmitter has control of SOUT.
1 = force SOUT to 0 and cause a break condition. Under a break
condition, the transmitter finishes shifting out the bits in the shift register,
and remains idle until the break condition is cleared.
5
Stick parity
0 = disable stick parity.
1 = enable stick parity. Used in conjunction with LCR[4:3]. When
enabled with even parity, the parity bit is sent as 0. When enabled with
odd parity, the parity bit is sent as 1.
4
Even parity
0 = enable odd parity. Used in conjunction with LCR[5] and LCR[3].
1 = enable even parity. Used in conjunction with LCR[5] and LCR[3].
Even parity means the total number of ‘1’s transmitted (data bits and
parity bit) is even.
3
Parity enable
0 = send no parity bit after data bits.
1 = generate or check a parity bit after data bits.This has precedence
over LCR[5:4].
2
Stop bits
0 = transmit 1 stop bit after data bits are sent.
1 = transmit 1.5 stop bits for a 5-bit character, or 2 stop bits for a 6-,
7-, or 8-bit character. The receiver checks the first stop bit only
regardless of the number of stop bits selected.
[1:0]
Character length
00 = transmit 5 bits of data per frame.
01 = transmit 6 bit of data per frame.

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Line Status Register
This Read-only register provides serial communication status to the processor, such as errors and flags.
Table 4 shows the Line Status Register.
Table 4: Line Status Register
Bit
Number
Function
7
Error flag
0 = the receive FIFO has no errors.
1 = the receive FIFO has parity, framing, or break condition errors.
6
Transmitter empty flag
0 = transmitter is shifting data out to the serial line.
1 = the transmit FIFO and transmit shift register are both empty.
5
Transmit FIFO empty flag
0 = transmit FIFO has at least 1 piece of data remaining.
1 = the transmit FIFO is empty.
4
Break indication
This is set to 1 if the receiver detects a string of 0 for longer than a full
word transmission time. Under this condition, a 0x00 character is
loaded into the receive FIFO, and the receiver remains idle until it
detects a valid start bit. This is associated with a particular character in
the FIFO.
3
Framing error
This is set to 1 when the received character has an invalid stop bit.
Under this condition, the UART will attempt to resynchronize by
assuming that the framing error was due to the next start bit, so it
samples this start bit twice and then takes in the following data. This is
associated with a particular character in the FIFO.
2
Parity error
This is set to 1 when the received character has an incorrect parity bit.
This is associated with a particular character in the FIFO.
1
Overrun error
This is set to 1 when the receiver FIFO is full and a completed character
in the receive shift register is destroyed.
0
Receiver data ready
0 = the receive FIFO is empty.
1 = data is ready to be read from the receive FIFO.

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FIFO Control Register
This Write-only register controls the operation of the FIFO buffers. Table 5 shows the FIFO Control Register.
DMA Signaling Modes
The 16550 UART core has two operational modes, and the RXRDYn and TXRDYn signals behave differently
depending on the mode. See Table 6 for details.
Table 5: FIFO Control Register
Bit
Number
Function
[7:6]
Receiver FIFO trigger level
00 = trigger at 8 byte
01 = trigger at 8 bytes
[5:4]
Reserved
These bits are always 0.
3
DMA signaling mode
0 = use DMA mode 0 (single transfer mode).
1 = use DMA mode 1 (multiple transfer mode).
See Table 6 for details.
2
Clear transmit FIFO
Set this to 1 to reset the transmit FIFO. This bit is self-clearing, and does
not clear the transmit shift register.
1
Clear receive FIFO
Set this to 1 to reset the receive FIFO. This bit is self-clearing, and does
not clear the receive shift register.
0
Reserved
This bit is always 0.
Table 6: DMA Signaling Modes
Mode RXRDYn TXRDYn
0: Single Transfer
When there is at least 1 character in the
receive FIFO, this signal will be low. This
signal will go high again when there are no
more characters in the FIFO.
When there are no characters in the transmit
FIFO, this signal will be low. This signal will
go high again after the first character is
loaded into the FIFO.
1: Multiple Transfer
When the trigger level or the timeout has
been reached, this signal will go low. This
signal will go high again when there are no
more characters in the FIFO.
When there are no characters in the
transmitter FIFO, this signal will go low. This
signal will go high again when the FIFO is
completely full.

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Interrupt Identification Register
To reduce software overhead, the UART prioritizes interrupts into four levels and records these in this Read-
only register. Table 7 shows the Interrupt Identification Register.
Table 7: Interrupt Identification Register
Bit
Number
Function
[7:4]
Reserved
These bits are always 4'b1100.
[3:1]
Interrupt ID
These bits are used to identify the highest priority interrupt pending.
See Table 8 for more details.
0
Interrupt pending, active low
0 = an interrupt is pending
1 = there are no interrupts
Table 8: Interrupt Table
IIR[3:0] Priority
Interrupt
Type
Interrupt Source
Interrupt Reset
Condition
0110 Highest
Receiver
status
1. Overrun error
2. Parity error
3. Framing error
4. Line break
Read the LSR
0100 Second
Received
data
Receive FIFO trigger level reached
Receive FIFo drops
below the trigger level
1100 Second
Character
timeout
No character have been removed from, or input to,
the receive FIFO during the last four character
times, and there is at least one character in it
during this time
Read the receiver
0010 Third
Transmitter
empty
Transmit FIFO empty
1. Read the IIR
2. Write to transmitter
0000 Fourth
Modem
status
1. Clear to send
2. Data set ready
3. Ring indicator
4. Data carrier detect
Read the MSR
0001 N/A N/A No interrupts pending N/A

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Interrupt Enable Register
This Read-Write register allows each type of interrupt to be independently enabled or disabled. Table 9 shows
the Interrupt Enable Register.
Modem Control Register
This Read-Write register controls the modem interface. Table 10 shows the Modem Control Register.
Table 9: Interrupt Enable Register
Bit
Number
Function
[7:4]
Reserved
3
Enable Modem Status Interrupt
Set this bit to 1 to enable this interrupt.
2
Enable Receiver Line Status Interrupt
1
Enable Transmit FIFO Empty Interrupt
0
Enable Receive Data Available Interrupt and Timeout Interrupt
Set this bit to 1 to enable these interrupts.
Table 10: Modem Control Register
Bit
Number
Function
[7:4]
Reserved
3
User designated output
1 = set OUTn[2] to 0
2
User designated output
1
Request to send
1 = set RTSn to 0
0 = set RTSn to 1
0
Data terminal ready
1 = set DTRn to 0
0 = set DTRn to 1

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Modem Status Register
This Read-only register provides the current state of the signals from the modem. It also provides change
information, where bits are set to 1 whenever a modem signal toggles, and set to 0 once the processor reads
this register. Table 11 shows the Modem Status Register.
Scratch Register
This Read-Write scratchpad register does not control the UART in any way. The designer can use this to store
any temporary data. Table 12 shows the Scratch Register.
Table 11: Modem Status Register
Bit
Number
Function
7
Data Carrier Detect
This is the inverted version of DCDn.
6
Ring Indicator
This is the inverted version of RIn.
5
Data Send Request
This is the inverted version of DSRn.
4
Clear to Send
This is the inverted version of CTSn.
3
DCDn changed
1 = DCDn has changed since the last time it was read by the processor.
0 = processor has the most recent value of this signal.
2
RIn rising edge
1 = RIn has transitioned from 0 to 1.
1
DSRn changed
1 =DSRn has changed since the last time it was read by the processor.
0
CTSn changed
1 = CTSn has changed since the last time it was read by the processor.
Table 12: Scratch Register
Bit
Number
Function
[7:0] User temporary data

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Divisor Registers
The baud generator divides the system clock by the user-defined value in these read-write registers, and
generates a new clock at the frequency of baud rate X 16. The receiving UART on the other side of the serial
line can use this clock as its reference clock. The most significant byte and least significant byte of the Divisor
Registers are individually accessible.
UART Functional and Module Description
UART Standard Serial Data Format
Standard UART characters are contained within frames consisting of start/stop indicators, data, and parity
information. The serial bitstream uses the following sequence:
• Start bit
• Data bits
• Parity bit (if enabled)
• Stop bit(s)
When there is nothing to be sent, the serial line is high. The first low bit is the start bit, which indicates the
beginning of a new frame. The next five to eight bits are data bits, which convey the actual information to be
sent, least significant bit first. The number of data bits per frame is configurable.
If enabled, a parity bit will be sent on the serial line after the data bits. Finally, the serial line is held high again
for at least one bit to indicate the end of a frame. This is called the stop bit, which also returns the serial line
to the idle state. The type of parity and length of stop bits are also configurable. Figure 3 shows the waveform
of a frame.
Figure 3: Standard Serial Data Format
Table 1: Divisor Register
Bit
Number
Function
[15:0] Divisor value = (system clock frequency) / (baud rate X 16)
Data (5/6/7/8) Parity (if enabled)Start Stop (1/1.5/2)
Serial Line
Baud Clock

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UART Module Descriptions
The UART core consists of five modules:
• Transmitter
• Receiver
• Modem interface
• Baud generator
• Interrupt controller
UART Transmitter
To send data with the UART, the processor writes data to the transmitter address as if it was a memory space.
The transmitter controls the entire transmission process.
The transmitter performs parallel-to-serial conversions, and sends data on the serial line. The processor pushes
data (5 to 8 bits wide) into the transmit FIFO, which is 256 bytes deep. The transmitter pops the data off the
FIFO, and shifts it out at the baud rate. The Divisor Registers determine the baud rate.
Using the Line Control Register, the user can configure the number of data bits (5, 6, 7, or 8) per frame, as
well as the number of stop bits (1, 1.5, or 2) to be sent at the end of a frame. The transmitter also has a parity
generation circuit that is capable of creating even, odd, stick even, or stick odd parity. When parity generation
is disabled, no parity will be sent after the data bits.
There is one interrupt associated with the transmitter—it is a third-level priority interrupt that occurs when the
transmit FIFO is empty.
Logically, the transmitter performs the following steps:
1. If there is data available in the FIFO, loads a byte into the shift register.
2. Sends a start bit on the serial line, indicating the beginning of a frame.
3. Shifts out data bits from the shift register to the serial line.
4. If parity is enabled, sends a Parity Bit after all data bits are sent.
5. Sends stop bit(s) on the serial line, indicating the end of a frame.
UART Receiver
To receive data with the UART, the processor reads data from the receiver address as if it was a memory space.
The receiver is responsible for capturing data from the serial line and validating data integrity.
The receiver performs serial-to-parallel conversions, and pushes data into the receive FIFO at the baud rate.
The processor can pop data from the 256-byte deep receive FIFO at the system clock frequency. The supplied
RCLK must be 16 times faster than the baud rate.
The receiver monitors the serial line. When a valid start bit is detected, the receiver begins to shift data bits
from the serial line, and saves the received data in the receive FIFO.
Using the Line Control Register, the user can configure the number of data bits (5, 6, 7, or 8) per frame, as
well as the type of parity to expect on the serial line. The receiver has a parity generation circuit that is capable
of creating even, odd, stick even, or stick odd parity as data is shifted in from the serial line. The calculated
parity is then checked with the received parity to determine data integrity. When parity generation is disabled,
no parity will be expected after the data bits.

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Besides parity errors, the receiver is also capable of detecting frame errors, overrun errors, and break errors.
Frame errors occur when the receiver is expecting a stop bit but received a '0' on the serial line. Overrun errors
occur when the receive FIFO is full and the newly received data is destroyed because it cannot be saved in the
FIFO. Break errors occur when the serial line is '0' for more than a full frame. Break errors, frame errors, and
parity errors are associated with the particular pieces of data in the FIFO that contains the errors. LSR[7]
indicates if there are any errors in the entire receive FIFO.
In addition to error detection capabilities, the receiver also features false start bit detection and self-recovery
from frame error. The serial line may be subject to noise, so it is essential that the receiver be able to
differentiate noise from a valid start bit. For the receiver to recognize a '0' on the serial line as a valid start bit,
this '0' value must remain for at least half a baud cycle from the falling edge of the serial input. If the start bit
does not remain stable in that period, it is discarded and the receiver will return to its idle state.
The asynchronous nature of a serial line means it is possible that the receiver is out of synch from the
transmitter, resulting in a frame error. When a frame error occurs, the receiver tries to resynchronize itself to
the transmitter. To achieve this self-recovery feature, the receiver assumes that the invalid stop bit is actually
the start bit of the next frame, and proceeds to shift in data bits from the serial line.
There are three interrupts associated with the receiver. The highest-level priority interrupt occurs when the
received data has an error. A second-level priority interrupt occurs when the receive FIFO has reached its
trigger level. Another second-level priority interrupt is the timeout interrupt, which occurs when data is sitting
idle in the receive FIFO for over a certain period of time.
To perform all these functionalities, the receiver performs the following steps:
1. Hunts for a valid start bit, which indicates the beginning of a frame.
2. Shifts in data bits from the serial line to the shift register.
3. If parity is enabled, compares received parity bit with the expected value.
4. Checks for a valid stop bit on the serial line, which indicates the end of a frame.
Modem Interface
The modem interface allows the processor to transmit data to another terminal, or handshake to the modem
input signals. It also makes the modem's status available to the processor.
The Modem Status Register reports status information in two ways. It shows the values of DCDn, Rin, DSRn,
and CTSn signals from the modem, and it also indicates whether any of those signals have changed since the
last time it was read by the processor. The user can drive the values of OUTn1, OUTn2, RTSn, and DTRn via
the Modem Control Register.
Baud Generator
The baud generator is capable of creating a clock by dividing the system clock by any divisor from 2 to 216
-1.
The divisor is the unsigned value stored in the Divisor Register. The output frequency of the baud generator is
16 times the baud rate. This means, the Divisor Register must hold a value equal to the system clock divided
by baud rate and further divided by 16. This output clock can be used as the receive reference clock by the
receiving UART.

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Interrupt Controller
The interrupt controller works with the transmitter, receiver, and modem interface to notify the processor of
events that require intervention. The user can configure which interrupts to enable or disable via the Interrupt
Enable Register (IER). When the processor is interrupted, it can find out more details regarding the interrupt
by reading the Interrupt Identification Register (IIR).
The interrupt controller monitors internal interrupt request lines from other modules. These internal interrupts
are masked with the IER. The interrupt controller is then able to determine the interrupt pending with highest
priority, and report it in the IIR. After the interrupt has been serviced, the interrupt controller clears the
interrupt request and updates the IIR accordingly.
Timing Diagrams
The following diagrams illustrate the timing relationships between various signals during different operations.
General Read Cycle
As shown in Figure 4, the general Read cycle from the UART Internal Register is as follows:
1. When ADSn = 0 and CS = 1, the UART latches in the address.
2. RD can be asserted at any time after ADSn = 0 and CS = 1, even after ADSn and CS are de-asserted.
3. DDIS is driven low whenever the UART is driving the data bus.
4. After RD is de-asserted, the UART stops driving the data bus.
5. Data output hold time is two clock cycles after RD is de-asserted.
Figure 4: General Read Cycle From UART Internal Register
General Write Cycle
As shown in Figure 5, the general Write cycle to the UART Internal Register is as follows:
1. When ADSn = 0 and CS = 1, the UART latches in the address.
2. WR can be asserted at any time after ADSn = 0 and CS = 1, even after ADSn and CS are de-asserted.
3. DDIS is always high during write cycles.
4. The UART latches the value on the data bus when WR is de-asserted.
5. The UART does not require any data input hold time after WR is de-asserted.

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Figure 5: General Write Cycle To UART Internal Register
Baud Generator Operation
As shown in Figure 6, baud generator operation is as follows:
1. BAUDOUT frequency is the SCLK frequency divided by the value in the Divisor Registers.
2. During a reset, BAUDOUT is held high.
3. Coming out of reset, BAUDOUT starts with value '1'.
4. Whenever the Divisor Registers change value, the baud generator is reset.
5. Duty cycle of BAUDOUT is 50% when the divisor is an even number. When the divisor is an odd number,
the duty cycle is less than 50% (by one SCLK cycle).
Figure 6: Baud Generator Operation
Serial Transmission and Reception
As shown in Figure 7, sending and receiving serial data is as follows.
For receiving data:
1. The falling edge of SIN marks the beginning of a start bit.
2. The receiver generates a sample signal, which is the same frequency as the baud rate.
3. Bits are shifted into the receive shift register at every sample. The first sample is the start bit.
4. This example has 8 data bits, and no parity. When all bits are shifted into the receiver and the stop bit is
received at the 9th sample, rx_push pushes the data (CFh) into the receive FIFO. rx_flags indicate any
break, frame, and parity errors associated with this piece of data.
5. The serial line is sampled at the falling edge of baud clock, where data is stable.
For transmitting data:
1. The transmitter loads CFh from the top of the transmit FIFO into the transmit shift register, and pops the
FIFO. At the same time, a start bit is sent by driving SOUT low.
2. At every rising edge of baud clock, a bit is shifted out to SOUT from the transmit shift register, LSB first.
3. After all data bits are shifted out, a stop bit is sent by driving SOUT high.
4. The transmitter remains idle until the next piece of data (E8h) is available.

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Figure 7: Sending and Receiving Serial Data
Interrupts
As shown in Figure 8, the Interrupt Signal and Interrupt Identification Register are as follows.
1. INTR is high, meaning the UART has at least one interrupt pending.
2. Reading the IIR yields the value of C4h, indicating that the receive FIFO has reached its trigger level.
3. After reading from the receiver a few times, the receive FIFO drops below its trigger level. This is reflected
in the IIR, which now indicates no interrupts with a value of C1h.
4. INTR is lowered because IIR is C1h.
Figure 8: Interrupt Signal and Interrupt Identification Register
Resource Utilization
Table 13 shows the resource utilization for the UART IP.
Table 13: UART IP
Device Utilization Description
Eclipse II • I/Os: 31 I/Os, 2 Clk pads
• LCs: 300
• Flip-flops: 255
• RAM: 2 blocks
Full featured 16550 UART core
• Maximum baud rate up to
3 Mbits/sec. (SCLK = 48 MHz
• Programmable baud rate
PolarPro • I/Os: 39 I/Os, 2 Clk pads
• LCs: 275
• Flip-flops: 212
• RAM: 2 blocks
Full featured 16550 UART core
• Programmable baud rate

•
•
•
•
•
•
18
Table 14 shows the resource utilization for the minimized UART IP.
Contact Information
Phone: (408) 990-4000 (US)
(905) 940-4149 (Canada)
+(44) 1932-57-9011 (Europe)
+(852) 2567-5441 (Asia)
E-mail: info@quicklogic.com
Sales: America-sales@quicklogic.com
Europe-sales@quicklogic.com
Asia-sales@quicklogic.com
Japan-sales@quicklogic.com
Support: www.quicklogic.com/support
Internet: www.quicklogic.com
Table 14: Minimized UART IP
Device Utilization Description
Eclipse II • I/Os: 27 I/Os, 2 Clk pads
• LCs: 200
• Flip-flops: 186
• RAM: 2 blocks
Minimized UART core
• Fixed baud rate
• 8 bit, no parity, 1 stop bit
• Reduced register set
PolarPro • I/Os: 27 I/Os, 2 Clk pads
• LCs: 160
• Flip-flops: 140
• RAM: 2 blocks
Minimized UART core
• Fixed baud rate
• 8 bit, no parity, 1 stop bit
• Reduced register set

•
•
•
•
•
•
19
Revision History
Notice of Disclaimer
QuickLogic is providing this design, product or intellectual property "as is." By providing the design, product or intellectual property as
one possible implementation of your desired system-level feature, application, or standard, QuickLogic makes no representation that this
implementation is free from any claims of infringement and any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
You are responsible for obtaining any rights you may require for your system implementation. QuickLogic shall not be liable for any
damages arising out of or in connection with the use of the design, product or intellectual property including liability for lost profit, business
interruption, or any other damages whatsoever. QuickLogic products are not designed for use in life-support equipment or applications
that would cause a life-threatening situation if any such products failed. Do not use QuickLogic products in these types of equipment or
applications.
QuickLogic does not assume any liability for errors which may appear in this document. However, QuickLogic attempts to notify
customers of such errors. QuickLogic retains the right to make changes to either the documentation, specification, or product without
notice. Verify with QuickLogic that you have the latest specifications before finalizing a product design.
Copyright and Trademark Information
Copyright © 2008 QuickLogic Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
The information contained in this document and is protected by copyright. All rights are reserved by QuickLogic Corporation. QuickLogic
Corporation reserves the right to modify this document without any obligation to notify any person or entity of such revision. Copying,
duplicating, selling, or otherwise distributing any part of this product without the prior written consent of an authorized representative of
QuickLogic is prohibited.
QuickLogic, PolarPro, and the PolarPro design are registered trademarks; and the QuickLogic logo is a trademark of QuickLogic
Corporation. All other trademarks are owned by their respective companies.
Revision Date Originator and Comments
A April 2008 David Shih, Rakesh Moolachari, and Kathleen Murchek
B June 2008 Kathleen Murchek
C October 2008 Jason Lew and Kathleen Murchek

4 ql uart_psb_ds_revc

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