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‫الرحیم‬ ‫الرحمن‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫بسم‬
Next Generation Sequencing
By: Ehsan Sepahi
A Timeline of genetics
Sanger and Maxam-Gilbert
Sanger and Maxam-Gilbert
Next Generation Sequencing
• The automated Sanger method is considered as
a ‘first-generation’ technology, and newer methods
are referred to as next-generation sequencing (NGS)
• These newer technologies constitute various
strategies that rely on a combination of:
• template preparation
• sequencing and imaging
• and genome alignment and assembly
Next Generation Sequencing Platforms
Template preparation
• Clonally amplified templates
• emulsion PCR (emPCR)
• solid-phase amplification
• Single-molecule templates
• primer immobilized
• template immobilized
• polymerase immobilized
emulsion PCR (emPCR)
solid-phase amplification
primer immobilized
template immobilized
polymerase immobilized
sequencing and imaging
• Cyclic reversible termination (Sequencing by
synthesis): Illumina, Helicos BioSciences
• Sequencing by ligation: SOLiD
• Pyrosequencing: 454
• Real-time sequencing: Pasific BioSciences
• Ion Semiconductor: Ion Torrent
Sequencing by synthesis
Sequencing by ligation
Pyrosequencing
Real-time sequencing
Ion Semiconductor
Sequencing by synthesis
A Timeline of genetics
First they ignore you,
then they laugh at you,
then they fight you,
then you win.
Mahatma Gandhi

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