An Implementation of FPGA Based smart meter for Home Energy Management
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This document describes a proposed implementation of a smart meter for home energy management using an FPGA. The smart meter would measure voltage and current drawn by home appliances using sensors. It would then use an analog-to-digital converter to convert the sensor readings to digital signals which would be processed by the FPGA to calculate power consumption of each appliance. The FPGA would also handle functions like energy scheduling, price prediction, and communication with the consumer. Simulation results showed the smart meter successfully receiving voltage, current and temperature readings from appliances over Zigbee communication and calculating outputs for energy management. The proposed smart meter aims to provide more accurate electricity consumption data than traditional meters.
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2016, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 4.45 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1237
2. ARCHITECTURE OF HOME ENERGY MANAGEMENT
USING SMART GRID COMMUNICATION
Home Energy Management focuses on the power
management on consumer side, where home appliancescan
be monitor and controlled to balance and optimize their
power supply and consumption. HEM consists of smart
meters, smart appliances, in-home displays, and advanced
control systems. The fundamental task of the Home Energy
management system is improving energy efficiency, data
measurement, and transmission.
The real-time consumption data gathered from each
appliance can be measured and transferred to a data
concentrator and back to the utility. Hence, statistical
analysis, intelligentadvicegeneration,variouskindsofquery
support, and the view of consumption data and electricity
pricing can enable in-home displays to inform customers
about their consumption behavior. Communication
Requirements of Home Energy Management: The
communication needs of HEM systems on customer
premises can be handling with low power, short-distance
technologies, such as ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Home Plug.
There is no need for a large amount of bandwidth or
communication speed, since such applications are not
counted as mission critical.
Fig- 1: Block Diagram of System Implemented In FPGA
The transducer consistsofVoltagesensorandcurrentsensor
first measures the each home appliance voltage and
aggregate current, producing the signals v(t) and i(t). These
signals are sampled and quantized by an analog-to-digital
converter (ADC) that produces thesamplesv[n]andi[n]. The
FPGA processes these samples to compute each home
appliance power. The other function such as energy
scheduler, price predictor and communication to the
consumer can also be performed in this FPGA architecture.
These data transmitted to another computation device for
analysis. The FPGA provides control logic for each of the
subsystems.
The electricity meters are installed in consumer’s premises
and the power consumed is collected by meter-readers on
their fortnight or monthly visits to the premises from
current meter. In existing methodology, metering devices
have gone through improvements and are expected to
become even more sophisticated, offering more and more
services. Meters in the past, and today in a few countries are
electromechanical devices with poor accuracy and lack of
configurability. Theft detection is also a challenge. Such
meters are limited to providing the amount of energy
consumption on site. This method of billing is also not
suitable for the electricity supply company because it gives
inaccurate account of the overall electricity consumption in
Manuscript received Recent developments in this direction
seem to provide opportunities in implementing energy
efficient metering technologies that are more precise
accurate and error free.
The advantage of proposed Home Energy Management
provides the accurate account of overall electricity
consumption to the consumer side. It provides the power
demand required by the consumer to the Smart Grid. Figure
1 shows a block diagram of Home Energy Management
system using smart grid communication implementedinthe
FPGA architecture.
Energy management is a broader term, which applies
differently in different scenarios, but we are concerned
about the one which is related with energy saving in homes,
public sector/ government organizations orbusiness.Inthis
scenario the process of monitoring, controlling and
conserving energy in an organization/ building may be
termed as energy management. In smart grid where the
consumers can generate local energy from several
distributive generation units and where there is a plenty of
space for different pricing schemes, the need for energy
management programs has been pointed out by many
researchers.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v3i2218-171028110843/85/An-Implementation-of-FPGA-Based-smart-meter-for-Home-Energy-Management-2-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2016, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 4.45 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1239
REFERENCES
[1] Basso.T and DeBlasio.R, (2009) Nov ‘Advancing
smart grid interoperability and implementing
NIST’s interoperability roadmap,’ in Proc. Grid
Interop Conf., Denver, CO.
[2] Basso.T, Hambrick.J, and DeBlasio.D, (2012) Jan,
‘Update and review of IEEE P2030 smart grid
interoperability and IEEE 1547 interconnection
standards,’Proc. IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid
Technol. Conf.,pp.1–7.
[3] Benzi.F, Anglani.N, Bassi.E, and Frosini.L,n (2011)
Oct,‘Electricity Smartmeters interfacing the
households,’ IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 58, no.
10, pp. 4487–4494.
[4] Bouhafs.F, Mackay.M, and Merabti.M, (2012) Jan-
Feb, ‘Links to the future:Communication
requirements and challenges in the smart grid,’
IEEE Power Energy Mag., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 24–32.
[5] Calderaro.V, Hadjicostis.C, Piccolo.A, and Siano.P,
(2011) Oct, ‘Failure identification in smart grids
based on petri net modeling,’ IEEE Trans. Ind.
Electron., vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 4613–4623.
[6] Cecati.C, Yu.H, and Siano.P, (2012) Nov, ‘Real time
operation of smart grids via FCN networks and
optimal power flow,’ IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf., vol. 8, no.
4, pp. 944–952.
[7] Dietrich.D, Bruckner.D, Zucker.G, and Palensky.P,
(2010) Nov, ‘Communication and computation in
buildings: A short introduction and overview,’ IEEE
Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 3577–3584.
[8] Gungor.V.C, Sahin.D, Kocak.T, Ergut.S, Buccella.C,
Cecati.C, and G. P. Hancke.G.P, (2012) Dec ‘Smart
Grid and Smart Houses: Key players and pilot
projects,’ IEEE Ind. Electron. Mag., vol. 6, no. 4.
[9] Gungor.V.C et al., (2013) Feb ‘A survey on smart
grid potential applications and communication
requirements,’ IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., vol. 9,no.
pp. 28–42.
[10] Kanchev.H, Lu.D, Colas.F,V.Lazarov,andFrancois.B,
(2011) Oct, ‘Energy management and operational
planning of a microgrid with a PV-based active
generator for smart grid applications,’ IEEE Trans.
Ind. Electron., vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 4583–4592.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v3i2218-171028110843/85/An-Implementation-of-FPGA-Based-smart-meter-for-Home-Energy-Management-4-320.jpg)
An Implementation of FPGA Based smart meter for Home Energy Management
- 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2016, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 4.45 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1236 An Implementation of FPGA Based smart meter for Home Energy Management Arockia Cecilia A1 , Sudrsanan K2 1PG Student, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kings College of Engineering, Tamilnadu, India 2Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Kings College of Engineering, Tamilnadu, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract- Home Energy Management (HEM) for Smart Grid focuses on the power managementon consumerside, where home appliances can be monitored and controlled to balance and optimize the power supply and consumption. Among various applications of Smart Grid technologies, Home Energy Management is probably the most important one to be addressed. HEM basically consists of smart meters, smart appliances and advanced control systems. The fundamental task of theHEMsystem is improving energy efficiency, data measurement, and transmission. The real-time consumption data gathered from each appliance of home are measured and transferred to a data concentrator and back to the utility and view of power consumption data and electricity pricing can be enabled in smart meter. Smart meter initiatives seekto enableenergy providersandconsumers to intelligently manage their energy needs through real time monitoring, analysis, and control. The energy efficiency communication needs of HEM systems on customer premises can be handled with ZigBee protocol. In this paper the new architecture of FPGA implementation of Home Energy Management for Smart Grid is developed. It estimates the energy consumption of appliances by measuring the voltage, current drawn by the appliances. The otherfunction suchaspricepredictor, communication to the consumer can alsobeperformedin this architecture. Keywords: Home Energy Management (HEM), SmartGrid (SG), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), Analog to Digital Converter (ADC), Smart meter. 1. INTRODUCTION The electricity delivery systems of most countries were built almost 100 years ago, where electricity travels hundreds of thousands of kilometers from central power plants to consumers with major energy losses. The structure of the current power grid is not well suited to meet the future energy demand. Hence, the SG has become one of the most important items on the agenda of many governments and utilities, since it is the key to increasing the recognition of the current problems and meets the electricity demand. Traditional power grids are being transformed into Smart Grids (SG) using advanced information control and communication technologies to offer higher reliability, security and efficiencyinpowersystems.SmartGridconsists of smart meter for Home Energy Management via energy efficient communication technology. To support both dynamic pricing and a two-way flow of electricity between homes (or micro grids) and smart meters are being widely deployed. In Comparedtoconventional analogmeters,smart meters measure power consumption at a much finer granularity. Currently, the electricity meters are installed on consumer’s premises and the consumption information is collected by meter-readers on their fortnightly or monthly visits to the premises. Meters in the past, and today in a few countries are electromechanical deviceswithpooraccuracyandlack of configurability. Theft detection is also a challenge. This method of billing is also not suitableforthe electricitysupply company because it gives inaccurate account of the overall electricity consumption in Manuscript received Recent developments in this direction seem to provide opportunities in implementing energy efficient metering technologies that are more precise accurate and error free. The proposed methodology overcomestheovercomesof the existing technology by developing efficient home energy management using smart meter architecture.Inthismethod to design energy efficiency, and low complexity of smart meter for home energy management using smart grid communication based FPGA. The new architecture of FPGA implementation of smart meter is one method reading and processing consumed energy data of each home appliance automatically with computer and communication and also gives the accurate account of the overall electricity consumption through main wireless communication protocol, ZigBee is chosen as lower layer communication protocol. With these applications, the standard is optimized for low data rate, low power consumption, security and reliability.
- 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2016, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 4.45 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1237 2. ARCHITECTURE OF HOME ENERGY MANAGEMENT USING SMART GRID COMMUNICATION Home Energy Management focuses on the power management on consumer side, where home appliancescan be monitor and controlled to balance and optimize their power supply and consumption. HEM consists of smart meters, smart appliances, in-home displays, and advanced control systems. The fundamental task of the Home Energy management system is improving energy efficiency, data measurement, and transmission. The real-time consumption data gathered from each appliance can be measured and transferred to a data concentrator and back to the utility. Hence, statistical analysis, intelligentadvicegeneration,variouskindsofquery support, and the view of consumption data and electricity pricing can enable in-home displays to inform customers about their consumption behavior. Communication Requirements of Home Energy Management: The communication needs of HEM systems on customer premises can be handling with low power, short-distance technologies, such as ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Home Plug. There is no need for a large amount of bandwidth or communication speed, since such applications are not counted as mission critical. Fig- 1: Block Diagram of System Implemented In FPGA The transducer consistsofVoltagesensorandcurrentsensor first measures the each home appliance voltage and aggregate current, producing the signals v(t) and i(t). These signals are sampled and quantized by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that produces thesamplesv[n]andi[n]. The FPGA processes these samples to compute each home appliance power. The other function such as energy scheduler, price predictor and communication to the consumer can also be performed in this FPGA architecture. These data transmitted to another computation device for analysis. The FPGA provides control logic for each of the subsystems. The electricity meters are installed in consumer’s premises and the power consumed is collected by meter-readers on their fortnight or monthly visits to the premises from current meter. In existing methodology, metering devices have gone through improvements and are expected to become even more sophisticated, offering more and more services. Meters in the past, and today in a few countries are electromechanical devices with poor accuracy and lack of configurability. Theft detection is also a challenge. Such meters are limited to providing the amount of energy consumption on site. This method of billing is also not suitable for the electricity supply company because it gives inaccurate account of the overall electricity consumption in Manuscript received Recent developments in this direction seem to provide opportunities in implementing energy efficient metering technologies that are more precise accurate and error free. The advantage of proposed Home Energy Management provides the accurate account of overall electricity consumption to the consumer side. It provides the power demand required by the consumer to the Smart Grid. Figure 1 shows a block diagram of Home Energy Management system using smart grid communication implementedinthe FPGA architecture. Energy management is a broader term, which applies differently in different scenarios, but we are concerned about the one which is related with energy saving in homes, public sector/ government organizations orbusiness.Inthis scenario the process of monitoring, controlling and conserving energy in an organization/ building may be termed as energy management. In smart grid where the consumers can generate local energy from several distributive generation units and where there is a plenty of space for different pricing schemes, the need for energy management programs has been pointed out by many researchers.
- 3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2016, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 4.45 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1238 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 TRANSMITTER FOR HOME ENERGY MANAGEMENT USING SMART GRID COMMUNICATION Fig -3.1: Output for Home Energy Management Transmitter Using Smart Grid Communication The input of analog signals are given to the home appliances and output analog signals are converted into digital signal using analog to digital converter and their voltage, current, temperature values are transmitted to smart meter using ZigBee communication. For exampleinthissimulation,Node 1 and Node 2 represent the motor and light. 3.2 RECEIVER FOR HOME ENERGY MANAGEMENTUSING SMART GRID COMMUNICATION Fig 3.2: Receiver for Home Energy Management Using Smart Grid Communication For every home appliance, the voltage, current,temperature values are received from Smart Meter using Smart Grid communication technology such as zigbee. 3.3 OUTPUT FOR SMART METER Fig 3.3: Output for Smart Meter After implementing this method, the smart meter is used to find the voltage value, current value and temperature value of each appliance using energy efficient communication technology. The variation of voltage, current and temperature values of each appliance are shown in smart meter. The energy used by home appliances is obtained and it also helps to reduce the electricity. 4. CONCLUSION As discussed in this paper, a new architecture of home energy management using smart grid communication has revisited the need for domestic energy management for efficient consumption of electricityinsmartgrid.Consuming electrical energy efficiently results in reducing peak load, lowering electricity bills and minimizing the power consumption. In smart grid where there is wireless communication and better homeautomation, effectivehome energy management system can be designed. This proposed methodology has discussed home energy management schemes where different energyscheduling, pricingschemes have been applied to get economical and social advantages.
- 4. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2016 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2016, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 4.45 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1239 REFERENCES [1] Basso.T and DeBlasio.R, (2009) Nov ‘Advancing smart grid interoperability and implementing NIST’s interoperability roadmap,’ in Proc. Grid Interop Conf., Denver, CO. [2] Basso.T, Hambrick.J, and DeBlasio.D, (2012) Jan, ‘Update and review of IEEE P2030 smart grid interoperability and IEEE 1547 interconnection standards,’Proc. IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technol. Conf.,pp.1–7. [3] Benzi.F, Anglani.N, Bassi.E, and Frosini.L,n (2011) Oct,‘Electricity Smartmeters interfacing the households,’ IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 4487–4494. [4] Bouhafs.F, Mackay.M, and Merabti.M, (2012) Jan- Feb, ‘Links to the future:Communication requirements and challenges in the smart grid,’ IEEE Power Energy Mag., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 24–32. [5] Calderaro.V, Hadjicostis.C, Piccolo.A, and Siano.P, (2011) Oct, ‘Failure identification in smart grids based on petri net modeling,’ IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 4613–4623. [6] Cecati.C, Yu.H, and Siano.P, (2012) Nov, ‘Real time operation of smart grids via FCN networks and optimal power flow,’ IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 944–952. [7] Dietrich.D, Bruckner.D, Zucker.G, and Palensky.P, (2010) Nov, ‘Communication and computation in buildings: A short introduction and overview,’ IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 3577–3584. [8] Gungor.V.C, Sahin.D, Kocak.T, Ergut.S, Buccella.C, Cecati.C, and G. P. Hancke.G.P, (2012) Dec ‘Smart Grid and Smart Houses: Key players and pilot projects,’ IEEE Ind. Electron. Mag., vol. 6, no. 4. [9] Gungor.V.C et al., (2013) Feb ‘A survey on smart grid potential applications and communication requirements,’ IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., vol. 9,no. pp. 28–42. [10] Kanchev.H, Lu.D, Colas.F,V.Lazarov,andFrancois.B, (2011) Oct, ‘Energy management and operational planning of a microgrid with a PV-based active generator for smart grid applications,’ IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 4583–4592.