IRJET- Automatic Toll Collection System using ALPR and Biometrics System.
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This document proposes an automatic toll collection system using automatic license plate recognition (ALPR) and biometrics. ALPR involves capturing images of vehicle license plates and extracting the plate information to enable applications like automated toll payments without stopping. The system would use biometrics and maintain bank account information for each vehicle owner to deduct toll fees automatically. It aims to make the toll collection process more efficient by eliminating manual cash payments and reducing traffic jams at toll plazas. The document discusses existing toll collection systems and their limitations, and outlines the proposed methodology using ALPR and linking it to vehicle owner bank accounts to process electronic toll payments automatically.
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 7300
3.1 Image Acquisition
The first step is to acquire the image from the camera. The
image can be captured using a high resolution camera.
3.2. Image Pre-processing
After acquisition of an image we need to perform certain
pre-processing techniques like gray scale conversion, noise
reduction, contrast enhancement to remove noises, low
contrast, and unwanted background.
License Plate localization: License plate region are localized
based on the features of the license plates. Localization can
be performed using the following steps.
I. Opening and Closing of Image
II. Image Binarization
III. Elimination of unwanted region
IV. Mapping of co-ordinates
Figure 1: Number Plate detection using image processing
3.3 Character Segmentation
Unwanted objects like dots or some noise needs to be
removed. After removing unwanted objects, dilation is
performed.
3.4 Character Recognition
Character Recognition is the final step in License Plate
Recognition. Two main components of License Plate
Recognition are Feature Extractor and Classifier.
3.4.1 Feature Extractor: Given a character image, the
feature extractor derives the features that the character
possesses. The derived features are then used as an input to
the character classifier.
3.4.2 Character Classifier: Classification is performed by
comparing an input character image with a set of templates
from each character class. Each
Comparison results in similarity measure betweentheinput
character and the template.
3.5 RFID
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is a technology that
uses radio waves to transfer data from an electronic tag,
called RFID tag or label, attached to an object, through a
reader for the purpose of identifying and trackingtheobject.
Some RFID tags can be read from several meters away and
beyond the line of sight of the reader.
The application of bulk reading enables an almost-parallel
reading of tags. RFID tags can be either passive, active or
battery assisted passive. PassiveRFIDdoes notusea battery,
while an active has an on-board battery that always
broadcasts or beacons its signal. A battery assisted passive
(BAP) has a small battery on board that is activated when in
the presence of a RFID reader. Most RFID tags contain at
least two parts: one is an integrated circuit for storing and
processing information, modulating and demodulating a
radio-frequency (RF) signal, and otherspecialized functions;
the other is an antenna for receiving and transmitting the
signal.
3.6 Biometric
Fingerprint Scanners is a fingerprint recognitiondevice’sfor
computer security equippedwiththefingerprintrecognition
module featuring with its superior performance, accuracy,
durability based on uniquefingerprint biometrictechnology.
4. CONCLUSION
In this research paper, we have discussed the image
processing technique to implement the automated toll
collection in order to reduce congestion and fraudulent
behaviour at the toll checkpoints. Furtherwehavediscussed
the working of the proposed systemincludingthesmartcard
implementation and the automated deduction of the toll
from the vehicle owner’sbank account.Theproposedsystem
will help in reduce the human intervention at the toll
collection areas. The purpose of this research paper was to
improvise the toll collection as well as implement a system
for smart card users as smart cards is being used by many
people in order to avoid physical cash.
REFERENCES
[1] C-NE Anagnostopoulos, I. E Anagnostopoulos, I. D
Psoroulas, V. Loumos, and E. Kayafas. License plate
recognition from still images and video sequences:
A survey. Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE
Trans. On,9(3):377391, 2008](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v6i51045-191022090348/85/IRJET-Automatic-Toll-Collection-System-using-ALPR-and-Biometrics-System-3-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 7301
[2] S. L. Chang, L. S. Chen, Y. C. Chung, and S. Chen.
Automatic license plate recognition. Intelligent
Transportation Systems, IEEE Trans. on, 5(1):4253,
2004.
[3] M. Ghazal and H. Hajjdiab. License plate automatic
detection and recognition using level sets and neural
networks. In Communications, Signal Processing,and
their Applications (ICCSPA), 2013 1st Intl. Conf. on,
pages 15, Feb 2013.
[4] S. Du, M. Ibrahim, M. Shehata, andW.Badawy.Automatic
license plate recognition (alpr): A state-of-the-art
review. Circuits and Systems for Video
Technology, IEEE Trans. on, 23(2):311325, 2013.
[5] D. Zheng and J. Zhao, Y.and Wang. An efcient method of
license plate location. Pattern Recognition Letters,
26(15):24312438, 2005.
[6] C. N. E. Anagnostopoulos, I. E. Anagnostopoulos, V.
Loumos, and E. Kayafas. A license plate-recognition
algorithm for intelligent transportation system
applications.Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE
Trans. on, 7(3):3773922006
BIOGRAPHIES
Vidya M. Hadpe
Dhanashree H. Kale
Manshi S. Sadade
Vaibhav R. Khapare
1’st
Author
Photo](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v6i51045-191022090348/85/IRJET-Automatic-Toll-Collection-System-using-ALPR-and-Biometrics-System-4-320.jpg)
IRJET- Automatic Toll Collection System using ALPR and Biometrics System.
- 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 7298 Automatic Toll Collection System Using ALPR and Biometrics System Vidya M. Hadpe, Dhanashree H. Kale, Manshi S. Sadade, Vaibhav R. Khapare 1,2,3,4Student of BE Computer, L.G.N. Sapkal College of Engineering, Nashik ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract:- Nowadays generallyallhighwaystollsystem are manually operated, where an employee collects cash from the driver and provides a receipt. This procedure can be slow, and that encounter traffic jams atthetollplazasonbusyhighways. Automatic process of toll payment will save time, effort, and man power by efficient technique called Electronic Toll payment using Biometrics System that are automatically collects the toll from moving vehicles when they cross the toll. Automatic license plate recognition (ALPR) is the process of capturing and extracting vehicles plate information from vehicle number plate images or videos. The extracted information is necessary for several everyday applications, ranging from automated payment services justlikeasparking and toll roads paymentcollectiontomorecriticalapplications, like border crossing security and traffic surveillance systems. We also assume that an each ownermaintainsabankaccount, so that toll tax is deducted automatically from that account at toll plaza. If the balance in the owners account is low or if the vehicle is not equipped with an RF system, the toll gate remains close. Key Words: Automatic License plate recognition ALPR, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Image Processing, Electronic payment transaction, Electronic Toll payment 1. INTRODUCTION Nowadays generally all highways toll system are manually operated, where an employee/workercollectscashfrom the driver and provides a receipt. This procedure can be slow, and encounter traffic jams at the toll plazas on busy highways. Our system will save time, effort, and man power because we are avoiding the manual task of collecting cash. In this work propose a low cost and efficient technique called Electronic Toll Collection using RFID modules that automatically collects the toll from moving vehicles when they cross the toll. We also assume that an owner maintains a bank account, so that toll tax is deducted automatically from that account at toll plaza. If the account balance is low or if the vehicle is not supplied with an RF system, the toll gate restrict to vehicle. In such a case vehicle owner will have to pay the toll tax in cash and collect the receipt. 1.1 MOTIVATION Electronics Toll Collection system developedinIndia tosave the time by collecting the toll electronically instead of manually. In order to provide zero delay toll collection system, so many modern toll collectionsystemsareusedlike RF Tags based toll collection system, Barcode Scanner based toll collection system, and number plate recognition based toll collection system. As all the aforesaid systems are reliable,but still its not defined as system without human interaction. So we are proposed a system which are overcome the drawback of above system and merging the specific task of above system in our one single system that reducing the toll collection processing time. 1.2 PROBLEM DEFINATION AND OBJECTIVES The automatic toll payment system is the approach used for the vehicle when it reaches the toll plaza, this is detected by using recognition of vehicle number plate. A software program running on the computer retrieves vehicle details from its vehicle database. Depending on this information, appropriate toll tax is deducted from the pre-paidaccount of the vehicles owners. 1.3 PROJECT SCOPE LIMITATIONS A description of the software with Size of input, bounds on input, input validation,input dependency, i/o state diagram, Major inputs, and outputs are described without regard to implementation detail. The scope identifies what the product is and is not, what it will and wont do,what it will and wont contain. 1.4 METHODOLOGIES OF PROBLEM SOLVING Technology to be included in the systemisimageprocessing. Used: Used for the image feature extraction. Material used: RFID for bio metrics and camera to capture image. 2. LITURATURE SURVEY 2.1 Automatic License Plate Recognition A Comparative Study Automobiles are an necessary part of our present life. Generally, license plates are used for identication of every vehicle. Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR)istheprocessofautomaticallyCapturing number plate and extracting license plate information. Access control systems, Parking entrance control, toll road payment collection , and border crossing security are some of the many applications in this area where, ALPR can be effectively utilized. However, perfect detection and reading of license plate contents are vital
- 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 7299 in making ALPR successful in any of these applications. The perfect reading of vehicle number plate informationfrom an image is a challenging task due to following reasons. Depending on the acquisitiontime,environment,andclimate changes, the background of the vehicle and lighting conditions may changes. The angle between the vehicle and the camera can also change and can have a signicant impact on accurate getting of plate contents. In addition, different types of fonts, colors, use of background images and plate standards make the task of automatic license plate recognition quite challenging task. 2. 2 Automatic toll e-ticketing system for transportation systems The automatic toll e-ticketing system is the approach used for the vehicle when it reaches the toll plaza, this is detected by using Infrared Proximity Sensor. RFID tags are used to read each vehicle with the help of RFID reader. An IR receiver is used to receive these pulses and sends it to a controller (MSP 430 Launch pad), which then transmits the vehicle number through the RF transmitter located in vehicle. We assume that vehicles have 16-bit identification numbers. The RFID tags to readers read the signal and information about vehicles owners. These RF signals are received by an RF receiver at the toll plaza, which send data to a computers parallel port. A softwareprogram running on the computer retrieves vehicle details from its vehicle database. 2.3 Development of a GPS-based highway toll collection system The necessity for vehicles to stop or slow down for toll fee payment results in traffic congestion and reduces fuel efficiency. Hence, a system that enables roaduserstopaythe toll fees without stopping or slowing down was proposed and developed. Hardwareandsoftwaredesignswerecarried out to develop a Global Positioning System (GPS)-based highway toll collection system. This system was developed using a Raspberry Pi 2 microcontroller. Different modules such as GPS module, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) module, speaker, wireless Wi-Fi router modem and wireless Wi-Fi adapter were incorporated and integrated with the microcontroller to perform a few specific functions. In general, the system utilized GPS coordinates to detect whether a vehicle passedthroughpredefinedlocationsinthe database and the travel details were recorded. The Raspberry Pi 2 microcontroller was configuredasa personal cloud server to allow online access of travel logs. This developed system presents a differentapproachforhighway toll collection which eliminates travel delays and construction of expensive gantries or toll booths. 2.4 Smart toll collection system using embedded Linux environment Electronic Toll Collection system developed in India to save the time by collecting the toll electronically instead of manually. In order to provide zero delay toll collection system, so many modern toll collectionsystemsareused like RF Tags based toll collection system, Barcode Scanner based toll collection system, and number plate recognition based toll collection system. As all the aforesaid systems are reliable, but still it’s not defined as system without human interaction. The paper presents smart toll collection system using embedded Linux environment. The whole system is balanced and focused to design and develop an entirely automated license plate recognition system whichwill be an excellent low-cost alternativetoall othersystems. The entire system is design using embedded Linux development board such as Raspberry Pi. The board is most suitable for Implementing Image processing algorithm. In the suggested system one webcam is interfaced with Raspberry Pi Board which is used to capture the image of vehicle’s license plate which will pass through the toll booth. These images of license plates are processed through Optical Character Recognition (OCR) engine such that image of license plate will be converted into equivalent ASCII characters. This extracted information will further send to the RTO server to identify the type of vehicle and owner of the vehicle. The retrieval information will once again send to the system through GSMmoduleinterfacedwith raspberrypi.According to the type of the vehicle the nominal toll will be deducted from owner’s account. After receiving the notification message on registered mobile number of the owner about the deducted amount from owner’s registered account, the barrier will open and vehicle is allowed to leave the toll booth. 3. METHODOLOGY The proposed system provides a base for implementing automatic number plate detection using image processing for toll collection at toll checkpoints. This system will helpin saving time as well as help in reducing congestion at toll checkpoints. This system will also help in monitoring any fraudulent behaviour that takes place atthetoll checkpoints. The proposed system will capture an image placedatthe toll checkpoint and will perform certain processes to detect the Following are the steps that needs to followed to detect a number plate. A. Image Acquisition B. Image Pre-processing C. Licence Plate Localization D. Character Segmentation E. Character Recognition
- 3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 7300 3.1 Image Acquisition The first step is to acquire the image from the camera. The image can be captured using a high resolution camera. 3.2. Image Pre-processing After acquisition of an image we need to perform certain pre-processing techniques like gray scale conversion, noise reduction, contrast enhancement to remove noises, low contrast, and unwanted background. License Plate localization: License plate region are localized based on the features of the license plates. Localization can be performed using the following steps. I. Opening and Closing of Image II. Image Binarization III. Elimination of unwanted region IV. Mapping of co-ordinates Figure 1: Number Plate detection using image processing 3.3 Character Segmentation Unwanted objects like dots or some noise needs to be removed. After removing unwanted objects, dilation is performed. 3.4 Character Recognition Character Recognition is the final step in License Plate Recognition. Two main components of License Plate Recognition are Feature Extractor and Classifier. 3.4.1 Feature Extractor: Given a character image, the feature extractor derives the features that the character possesses. The derived features are then used as an input to the character classifier. 3.4.2 Character Classifier: Classification is performed by comparing an input character image with a set of templates from each character class. Each Comparison results in similarity measure betweentheinput character and the template. 3.5 RFID Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is a technology that uses radio waves to transfer data from an electronic tag, called RFID tag or label, attached to an object, through a reader for the purpose of identifying and trackingtheobject. Some RFID tags can be read from several meters away and beyond the line of sight of the reader. The application of bulk reading enables an almost-parallel reading of tags. RFID tags can be either passive, active or battery assisted passive. PassiveRFIDdoes notusea battery, while an active has an on-board battery that always broadcasts or beacons its signal. A battery assisted passive (BAP) has a small battery on board that is activated when in the presence of a RFID reader. Most RFID tags contain at least two parts: one is an integrated circuit for storing and processing information, modulating and demodulating a radio-frequency (RF) signal, and otherspecialized functions; the other is an antenna for receiving and transmitting the signal. 3.6 Biometric Fingerprint Scanners is a fingerprint recognitiondevice’sfor computer security equippedwiththefingerprintrecognition module featuring with its superior performance, accuracy, durability based on uniquefingerprint biometrictechnology. 4. CONCLUSION In this research paper, we have discussed the image processing technique to implement the automated toll collection in order to reduce congestion and fraudulent behaviour at the toll checkpoints. Furtherwehavediscussed the working of the proposed systemincludingthesmartcard implementation and the automated deduction of the toll from the vehicle owner’sbank account.Theproposedsystem will help in reduce the human intervention at the toll collection areas. The purpose of this research paper was to improvise the toll collection as well as implement a system for smart card users as smart cards is being used by many people in order to avoid physical cash. REFERENCES [1] C-NE Anagnostopoulos, I. E Anagnostopoulos, I. D Psoroulas, V. Loumos, and E. Kayafas. License plate recognition from still images and video sequences: A survey. Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Trans. On,9(3):377391, 2008
- 4. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 7301 [2] S. L. Chang, L. S. Chen, Y. C. Chung, and S. Chen. Automatic license plate recognition. Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Trans. on, 5(1):4253, 2004. [3] M. Ghazal and H. Hajjdiab. License plate automatic detection and recognition using level sets and neural networks. In Communications, Signal Processing,and their Applications (ICCSPA), 2013 1st Intl. Conf. on, pages 15, Feb 2013. [4] S. Du, M. Ibrahim, M. Shehata, andW.Badawy.Automatic license plate recognition (alpr): A state-of-the-art review. Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, IEEE Trans. on, 23(2):311325, 2013. [5] D. Zheng and J. Zhao, Y.and Wang. An efcient method of license plate location. Pattern Recognition Letters, 26(15):24312438, 2005. [6] C. N. E. Anagnostopoulos, I. E. Anagnostopoulos, V. Loumos, and E. Kayafas. A license plate-recognition algorithm for intelligent transportation system applications.Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Trans. on, 7(3):3773922006 BIOGRAPHIES Vidya M. Hadpe Dhanashree H. Kale Manshi S. Sadade Vaibhav R. Khapare 1’st Author Photo