Medication errors powerpoint

Editor's Notes

• #3: Cuong Pham, J., Aswani, M.S., Rosen, M., Lee, H.W., Huddle, M., Weeks, K., & Pronovost, P.J. (2011). Reducing medical errors and adverse events. The Annual Review of Medicine, 63 (27.1-27.17).
• #4: McBride-Henry, K., & Foureur, M. (2006). Medication administration errors: Understanding the issues. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 23(3).
• #5: McBride-Henry, K., & Foureur, M. (2006). Medication administration errors: Understanding the issues. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 23(3).
• #6: Nurses and Midwives Board of Western Australia. (2010). Medication Management Guidelines for Nurses and Midwives. Retrieved from:http://www.nursing.health.wa.gov.au/docs/nmo/NMBWA_Medication_Management_Guidelines.pdfAccording to the Nurses Board of Western Australia, in administering any medication, nurses and midwives are required to:Know the relevant legislation relating to medication administration,Have adequate knowledge of the medication, its therapeutic purpose, usual dose, frequency and route of administration, specific precautions, contra-indications, side effects and adverse reactions (essentially the 6 rights of medication administration: right drug, right dose, right time, right patient, right route, and right documentation). Nurses and midwives should also be aware of the correct storage requirements for medications, and be able to adhere to required checking policies and procedures developed by agencies.
• #7: Cuong Pham, J., Aswani, M.S., Rosen, M., Lee, H.W., Huddle, M., Weeks, K., & Pronovost, P.J. (2011). Reducing medical errors and adverse events. The Annual Review of Medicine, 63 (27.1-27.17). Institute of Medicine recommended prescriber actions for medication safety> includes various guidelines that should be followed and carried through.
• #8: The computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems ensure messy physicians’ handwriting is eliminated, with direct medication orders entered directly into the computer. Studies have also found that by pairing the Computerised Physician Order Entry with automated clinical decision support systems (CDSS) this can also further eliminate medication errors by helping to improve drug choice, and with electronic health records to help complete the patient’s medication list and history. CDSS can help to identify drug allergy checking, basic dosing guidance, formulary decision support, and checks for duplicate therapies and drug to drug interactions. The use of bar-coding systems ensure that patient, medication, and employee identification codes are scanned to automatically check for the right patient, drug, dose, route, and time before administering the drug.The Institute for Healthcare Improvement (http://www.ihi.org) proposesthree generic steps in order to complete a medication reconciliation process: (a) verification, where a medication history or list is collected; (b) clarification, where medications and dosages are checked for appropriateness; and (c) reconciliation, where any changes are documented. This check list is to be completed prior to medication administration. Standardised ordering and administration includes, pre-packaging medications in the correct dosages, as well as standardising abbreviations, labelling and equipment, conventions such as limited and formally structured verbal order processes, and limited access to high-alert medications.Training, education and organisation interventions are also thought to influence the attitudes of the staff and staff development, and ensure that correct medication administration is completed and incorrect incidences are reduced.
• #9: The institute of healthcare proposed the use of a trigger tool in order to measure the incidence of adverse drug events. According to the World Health Organisation Collaborating Centres for International Drug Monitoring defines an adverse drug event (ADE) as:“Noxious and unintended and occurs at doses used in man for prophylaxis, diagnosis, therapy, or modification of physiologic functions.”
• #10: http://www.ihi.org/knowledge/Pages/Tools/TriggerToolforMeasuringAdverseDrugEvents.aspxTraditional methods used to measure adverse drug events predominantly focused on the voluntary reporting and tracking of errors. However, researchin the public health sector (in the USA) have found that only 10 to 20 percent of errors are ever reported and, of those, 90 to 95 percent caused no harm to patients. Hospitals needed a more effective way to identify events that do cause harm to patients, in order to select and test changes to reduce harm, and so the institute for healthcare proposed a trigger tool be implemented. The Trigger Tool for Measuring Adverse Drug Events provides instructions for conducting a retrospective review of patient records using triggers to identify possible ADEs. This tool includes a list of known ADE triggers and instructions for collecting the data you need to measure the number of ADEs per 1,000 doses and the percentage of admissions with an ADE.
• #11: Saxena, K., Lung, B.R., & Becker, J.R.(2011). Improving Patient Safety by Modifying Provider Ordering Behaviour Using Alerts(CDSS) in CPOE system. AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings. The study was conducted using a prospective time series analysis, evaluating the use of Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS)/alerts in helping providers not to make errors, when putting in orders in a CPOE system. The study reviewed electronic health records for all the inpatients coming to 5 community hospitals for a 6 months duration (July 2010 – December 2010). Responses to 9 alerts/CDSS tools were studied, and these were displayed andprompted on computer screens when providers were putting in medication orders. These alerts guided the providers regarding any drug duplications, interactions, contraindications of the prescribed medicine with patient’s clinical condition etc. The study found that the CDSS system changed the physician behaviour & patient therapy 42% of the time when medication orders were placed. These alerts substantially decreased the medication error rate/adverse drug events (ADE’s) in the patients receiving care at these 5 hospitals.
• #12: Saxena, K., Lung, B.R., & Becker, J.R.(2011). Improving Patient Safety by Modifying Provider Ordering Behaviour Using Alerts(CDSS) in CPOE system. AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings. This example taken from the study highlights the learning process carried out when an alert system on computerised equipment is in place. It shows that learning and changing behaviour occurs in most cases provided that action is taken, with the alert system working to remind providers of care necessary.