Biometric authentication
- 1. Biometric Authentication Muhammad Usman 122 Mahtab Rasheed 145 Usman Ali Butt 112 Waseem Khan 107 NUST,SEECS Pakistan
- 2. Agenda • Introduction • History • Importance • Types • Methods • Risks • Summary
- 3. Introduction Biometric Authentication:- “ Biometric Authentication is any process that validates the identity of a user who wishes to sign into a system by measuring some intrinsic characteristic of that user”
- 4. Introduction • Word biometric is derived from Greek words bios mean life and metrics mean measure • Therefore biometric authentication is defined measuring of physiological or behavioral properties related to particular entity to verify or authenticate the entity.
- 5. Quick Look at History • During the construction of great Pyramid Khufu workers need to be authenticated for allowance • 14th century in china, they use to save palm and foot prints on clay blocks • In 1890 a Persian police man Alphonse Bertillon provided the basics to recognize the fingerprints • 1892 Francis developed a classified system for finger prints • In 1896 Based on Bertillon study Aziz-ul-Haq developed first systematic finger prints system for Edward Henry ,a colonial of British Army in Bengal, India.
- 6. Quick Look at History • 1936 Frank Burch gave a concept of using Iris patterns for the recognition of an individual • 1960 work on face recognition and voice recognition • 1965 automated system for signature recognition • Rapid development in biometric authentication in 70’s
- 7. Quick Look at History • 1985 patent for hand identification • 1995 iris prototype become available as a commercial product • 1996 hand geometry used in Olympic games held in Atlanta. • First major success.
- 8. Quick Look at History • 2000,first face recognition commercial product • 2000,first research paper on vascular patterns for recognition • Modern biometrics based on computing have developed now.
- 9. Importance of Biometric Authentication • Security is becoming important in business and every field of life • Fraud detection • A person can claim multiple identities to get more resources • Biometric properties cannot be stolen unlike passwords and keys • After 9/11 rapid development on Biometric Authentication
- 10. Types of Biometric Authentication Biometric applications available today are categorized into 2 sectors • Physiological: Iris, Fingerprints, Hand Geometry, Retinal ,Face recognition etc. • Behavioral: Voice, Typing pattern etc.
- 11. Physiological Biometrics Authentication • A biometrics which use a physical trait, such as a fingerprint, iris, hand or face for recognition. The physical trait is analyzed, measured and digitally stored.
- 12. Fingerprint Authentication • Divides print into loops, whorls and arch • Calculates minutiae points (ridge endings) • Comparisons • Authentication
- 14. Disadvantages • Dirt , grime and wounds • Placement of finger • Too big a database to process • Can be spoofed
- 15. Hand Geometry • Geometry of users hands • More reliable than fingerprinting • Balance in performance and usability • Very large scanners
- 16. Retinal Scanning • Scans retina(the innermost coat of the back part of the eye) into database • User looks straight into retinal reader • It checks the pattern of blood vessels of eye retina. • Scan using low intensity light • Very efficient – cant be spoofed! • User has to look “directly”
- 17. Iris Scanning • Scans unique pattern of iris the colored ring of muscle • Iris is colored and visible from far • No touch required • The patterns of one person's two eyes are quite different from each other and even genetically identical twins have different iris patterns. • Contact lenses an issue
- 19. Face Recognition • User faces camera • Neutral expression required • Appropriate lighting and position • Algorithms for processing
- 21. Other Physiological Biometrics • Palm print • Hand vein • DNA • Thermal imaging • Ear shape • Human Odor Recognition • Fingernail bed
- 22. Palm Print • Palm print verification is a slightly different implementation of the fingerprint technology.
- 23. Hand Vein • Hand vein geometry is based on the fact that the vein pattern is distinctive for various individuals.
- 25. DNA • DNA (Deoxyribose Neucleic Acid) authentication is very popular at present and requires a form of tissue, blood or other bodily sample.
- 26. Behavioral Biometrics • Biometrics that is based on a behavioral trait of an individual. • Acquired over time by an individual. • A reflection of an individual’s psychology.
- 27. Types Of Behavioral Biometric • Signature Recognition. • Voice Recognition. • Typing Patterns • Gaits
- 28. Signature Recognition • Automatically scanning a person's signature and matching it electronically against a library of known signatures.
- 29. How it works • Speed • Direction • Pressure • Acceleration • length of the strokes • Dynamics number of strokes and their duration
- 30. Advantages • Unique style of doing Signature. • One does not know how to write signature even after looking at it.
- 31. Disadvantages • Signature variable with Age, illness, emotions • Requires high quality hardware • High FRR as signatures are very dynamic • Low Accuracy.
- 32. Voice Recognition • A Biometric identification by electronically recording and graphically representing a person's voice.
- 33. Voice Recognition • Voice prints : The unique characteristic of individual. • User’s voice print is stored in database. • Enroll by speaking some phrases. • System Compares the voiceprints. • Speech input • Speaking style • Pitch • Frequency • Natural tone
- 34. Disadvantages • Background noise • Device quality • Illness , emotional behavior • Time consuming enrollment • Large processing template
- 35. Typing Patterns • A method of verifying the identity of an individual by their typing rhythm. • System can verify the user at the log-on stage or it can Continuously monitor the typist.
- 36. Typing Patterns • User typing pattern • Different characteristics • Speed ( time durations between the keystrokes ) • Press and Release Rate • Frequency of errors (use of backspace) • Use of num pad • Order in which user presses shift key to get capital letters • Unique patterns are generated • Comparisons • Cheap • Continuously check the user
- 37. Disadvantages • For recognition a large amount of keystroke data is needed • Unnecessary comparisons with all existing users • Not very scalable • FRR is high (Speed and Frequency of errors can vary) • Can be spoofed – by simple technology (recorders)
- 38. Gaits • Gait is an attractive biometric feature for human identification at a distance. • Gait is a particular way or manner of moving on foot. • Movements of a person's various body parts over time
- 39. Advantages • Perceivable at a distance • Non-contact • Non-invasive ( without interfering human body) • Can identify among a group of people
- 40. Disadvantages • Injuries • Illness • Weather Effect
- 41. General Look on Biometrics Iris • Strengths Very stable over time Uniqueness • Weakness Requires user training Dependant on a single vendor’s technology
- 42. General Look on Biometrics • Iris • Usability Information security access control, especially for Federal Institutions and government agencies.
- 43. General Look on Biometrics Fingerprint • Strengths Small template (less than 500 bytes) Small sensors • Weakness Physical contact required • Usability Physical access control Association with criminal justice
- 44. General Look on Biometrics Voice • Strengths Low training Microphone can be built into PC or mobile device • Weaknesses Changes with time, illness stress or injury Large template unsuitable for recognition • Usability Mobile phones Telephone banking
- 45. General Look on Biometrics Signatures • Strengths • High user acceptance Minimal training • Weaknesses Unstable over time Occasional erratic variability Enrollment takes times • Usability Portable devices with stylus input
- 46. General Look on Biometrics Face • Strengths Universally present • Weaknesses Cannot distinguish identical siblings Religious or cultural prohibitions • Usability Physical access control
- 47. General Look on Biometrics Hand • Strengths Small template (approximately 10 bytes) Unaffected by skin condition • Weaknesses Physical size of acquisition device Physical contact required • Usability Physical access control Time and attendance
- 48. Comparison of Different Biometrics Technology
- 49. Conclusion • All authentication methods are prone to errors. Nevertheless, reliable user authentication must ensure that an attacker cannot masquerade as a legitimate user • Biometrics is uniquely bound to individuals and may offer organizations a stronger method of authentication • Biometric systems are not foolproof; they can be compromised by: Submission of another person’s biometric Submission of enrollee’s biometric with the user under duress or incapacitated • A prudent balance between Security and Privacy needs to be achieved
- 50. References • Biometrics History published by NSTC subcommittee on Biometrics date:7 August 2006 www.biometrics.gov • Biometric Authentication Technology and Evaluation – Term Project CS574 Spring 2003 San Diego State University Uwe Bubeck Dina Sanchez
- 51. References • Biometrics and Authentication slides of Shivani Kirubanandan • Authentication: Overview slides of Paul Bui • Biometric Authentication Systems by Zdeneˇk Rˇ íha and Václav Matyáš FIMU Report Series November 2000
- 52. Question?